@CONFERENCE{Abdelhamid2009, author={Abdelhamid, T.S. and Schafer, Don and Mrozowski, Tim and Jayaraman, V. and Howell, G. and El-Gafy, Mohamed A. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Working Through Unforseen Uncertainites Using the OODA Loop: An Approach for Self-Managed Construction Teams}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={573-582}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/619}, affiliation={Associate Professor, 214 Human Ecology, Construction Management Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1323. Email: tariq@msu.edu ; PhD Candidate, 401H Human Ecology, Construction Management Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1323. Email: schaf123@msu.edu ; Professor, 102 Human Ecology, Construction Management Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1323. Email: mrozowsk@msu.edu ; Project Engineer, Perini Building Co, USA. Email: vjayaraman@periniwest.com ; Executive Director, Lean Construction Institute, Lean Construction Institute 625 Main Street, 1B, Louisville, CO 80027-1827 303-665-8385. E: ghowell@leanconstruction.org ; Assistant Professor, 201E Human Ecology, Construction Management Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1323. Email: elgafy@msu.edu }, abstract={Construction operations are dynamic and time sensitive. The management response to issues on site is typically a consequence of and the response to an event that has already taken place. Decisions and actions that are delayed are often rendered ineffective because of the constantly changing site conditions. The sudden emergence of the situation and the dynamic nature of its evolution needs to be addressed with flexibility and fluidity based on an appropriate assessment of the issues at hand. The need to increase the effectiveness with which self-managed teams perform under such conditions cannot be overstated and clearly requires a theoretical framework that can provide an interpretation of the underlying cognitive processes and selected responses in the face of dynamically evolving environments, and the intricate interrelationships among all constituents of the process. This paper presents the Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) loop as the theoretical interpretation by which to understand, influence, and predict the performance of self-managed construction teams. The paper begins by introducing the constructs of the OODA loop, followed by exploring its application to understand and evaluate the performance of self-managed teams in construction. The paper then posits that the effectiveness of self-managed teams found in construction is a function of the collective OODA loop speed of the group. The paper concludes with research possibilities associated with the OODA Loop, and develops guidelines for embracing uncertainty in the project, and production management phases. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, OODA loop, last planner system, self-organizing teams. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{AlSehaimi2009, author={AlSehaimi, Abdullah and Tzortzopoulos, Patricia and Koskela, Lauri }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Last Planner System: Experiences From Pilot Implementation in the Middle East}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={53-66}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/621}, affiliation={Civil Engineer, MSc, PhD Candidate, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, 4th Floor, Maxwell Building, Salford, M5 4WT, UK. Email: A.O.Alsehaimi@pgr.salford.ac.uk ; Academic Fellow, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT; UK, Email: p.tzortzopoulos@salford.ac.uk. ; Professor of Theory Based Lean Project and Production Management, School of the Built Environment, SCRI, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK, Email: L.J.Koskela@salford.ac.uk }, abstract={The work described in this paper is devoted to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing Last Planner to improve construction planning practice in Saudi construction industry. Firstly, the primary results of implementing Last Planner System (LPS) in two construction projects in Saudi Arabia are presented. Action research strategy was undertaken with different data collection methods employed included interviews, observation and survey questionnaire. Secondly, benefits gained in terms of improving construction management practice are presented, the critical success factors for LPS implementation are discussed, and potential barriers for implementing LPS revealed from the studies are presented. The results demonstrated numerous benefits were gained in terms of improving construction planning and site management. The fact that the structural work in one of the sites finished two weeks ahead of schedule is a clear evident of this improvement. However, there are some potential barriers reported which hindered the achievement of full potentials of LPS. Finally, a comparison between the outcome of this study and some previous studies on Last Planner in other countries is briefly carried out. }, author_keywords={Action Research, Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia, Construction Planning, Critical Success Factors and Barriers, Last Planner System. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Alves2009, author={Alves, Thais da C.L. and Neto, Jose de P Barros and Heineck, Luis F.M. and Kemmer, Sergio L. and Pereira, Pedro E. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Incentives and Innovation to Sustain Lean Construction Implementation}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={583-592}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/622}, affiliation={Assistant Professor, Structural Engineering and Construction Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, s/n, Bloco 710, Pici, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, thaiscla@ufc.br ; Professor, Structural Engineering and Construction Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, s/n, Bloco 710, Pici, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, jpbarros@ufc.br ; Professor, Department of Mechanical Production Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza -CE, Brazil ; Construction Manager, Construtora C. Rolim Engenharia Ltda., Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, sergio@crolim.com.br ; Civil Engineer, Consultant, Minformática, pedro@minformatica.com.br }, abstract={The implementation of Lean Construction concepts, principles, and tools requires that different professionals be engaged in the process so that success is achieved. Also different initiatives have to be put into practice to keep the project’s participants motivated during the change from traditional production planning and control methods to the ones proposed by Lean Construction. Before the change to a Lean system can take place, traditional models have to be challenged and the gains related to the use of Lean concepts and principles have to be visible to everyone. Managers have to be creative and devise ways to educate project participants about Lean concepts and principles and to inform collaborators about the rewards that will result from the Lean implementation. This paper presents a study carried out in multiple construction sites in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil to identify different types of incentives and innovative methods put in place to motivate and engage participants of construction projects that have been implementing Lean. The authors have found that construction companies have put in place incentive systems and low-cost innovative methods based on classic theories of motivation combined with Lean concepts and tools, i.e., autonomation (jidoka), production leveling (heijunka), and kanban. }, author_keywords={Innovation, incentives, lean construction, strategy. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Ballard2009, author={Ballard, Glenn and Hammond, Jamie and Nickerson, Romano }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Production Control Principles}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={489-500}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/623}, affiliation={Associate Adjunct Professor and Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley; ballard@ce.berkeley.edu ; Vice President, AML Technologies., jamie.hammond@amltechnologies.com ; Principal, Boulder Associates, rnickerson@boulderassociates.com }, abstract={This paper reports the results of a search for the principles of production control. The search starts from the Last Planner4 system, develops its principles, functions and methods, then explores their applicability to designing and making, the primary types of work involved in project production systems. What differences in these types of work make a difference for control? What adaptations of principles, functions or methods and tools are needed for different types of work? The authors tentatively propose that the principles and functions derived from Last Planner are applicable to the types of work involved in project production systems, and that methods now in use can be successfully adapted for those types of work. The paper concludes with a description of needed research. }, author_keywords={Last planner, principles of production control, production control, types of work }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Carneiro2009, author={Carneiro, Andre Quindere and Filho, Antonio Nunes de Miranda and Alves, Thais da C.L. and Nascimento, Kilson and Carneiro, Renato Quindere and Neto, Jose de P. Barros }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Development and Evolution of Project Production Systems: The PS-37 Case}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={383-392}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/625}, affiliation={Construction Manager, Construtora Castelo Branco, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, andre@construtoracastelobranco.com ; Construction Manager, Construtora Santo Amaro, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, anmirandaf@yahoo.com.br ; Assistant Professor, Structural Engineering and Construction Department, Federal University of Ceará, thaiscla@ufc.br ; Director, Construtora Castelo Branco, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, kilson@construtoracastelobranco.com ; Civil Engineering Intern, Construtora Castelo Branco, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, renatoquindere@yahoo.com.br ; Civil Engineering Intern, Construtora Castelo Branco, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, renatoquindere@yahoo.com.br }, abstract={A way to better comprehending the production strategy is by looking at it from two complementary perspectives: content and process. However, most research papers tend to focus on the content of a successful production system while few explore the process in which it was developed. Because lean construction literature is no different, this paper aims to fill this gap by describing the method applied by a Brazilian construction company when designing the project production system. The method called PS-37 (three Ps and seven Ss) is named after the initials of four steps based on Goldratt’s Theory of Constraints (Presuppose, Predetermine, Process, Subordinate), the five senses of organization (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke), and safety. It has become such a source of competitive advantage that the firm has reaped many financial gains in projects and even changed its strategic orientation. The authors present a formal description of the method, which evolved from the decision to implement the Lean philosophy at construction sites into a framework that embraces several activities necessary to deliver a project. In doing so, the authors hope to bring awareness to the benefits of understanding a successful production strategy through the process in which it was developed. }, author_keywords={Lean project delivery system, theory of constraints, production system design. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Chin2009, author={Chin, Chang-Sun }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Identifying Root Causes of Long Review Times for Engineering Shop Drawings }, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={557-572}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/626}, affiliation={Ph.D., Honorary Fellow, Construction Engineering and Management Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, chin2@wisc.edu }, abstract={Every construction project requires approved shop drawings. Design drawings do not show details required for installation, so (sub)contractors cannot construct/install without approved shop drawings. Shop drawings are generally produced by subcontractors and should be reviewed and approved by appropriate parties promptly in order to avoid production delays. Observations on the shop drawing review process reveal that engineering review times of such major construction components as structural steels and reinforcing bars are unnecessarily long and often fail to meet the time frames within which contractors expect to receive responses from the design team. The primary goal of the study is to identify and speculate about possible measures for eliminating the root causes of long review times for engineering shop drawings. Since it is not a simple task to identify and eliminate root causes of any problem because problems are always coupled with their business and work processes, the study uses a systematic problem-solving technique: problem understanding, problem-cause brainstorming, problem-cause data collection and analysis, and root-cause identification. The study reveals that the root cause of long engineering review time is insufficient and unclear information, rather than capability or availability of reviewers. }, author_keywords={Engineering review, problem solving, root causes, shop drawings }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Chin2009, author={Chin, Chang-Sun }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Queueing Theory and Process Flow Performance}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={247-256}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/627}, affiliation={Ph.D., Honorary Fellow, Construction Engineering and Management Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, chin2@wisc.edu }, abstract={Queuing delay occurs when a number of entities arrive for services at a work station where a server(s) has limited capacity so that the entities must wait until the server becomes available. We see this phenomenon in the physical production environment as well as in the office environment (e.g., document processing). The obvious solution may be to increase the number of servers to increase capacity of the work station, but other options can attain the same level of performance improvement. The study selects two different projects, investigates their submittal review/approval process and uses queuing theory to determine the major causes of long lead times. Queuing theory provides good categorical indices—variation factor, utilization factor and process time factor—for diagnosing the degree of performance degradation from queuing. By measuring the magnitude of these factors and adjusting their levels using various strategies, we can improve system performance. The study also explains what makes the submittal process of two projects perform differently and suggests options for improving performance in the context of queuing theory. }, author_keywords={Process time, queueing theory, submittal, variation, utilization }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Chin2009, author={Chin, Chang-Sun }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Work-in-Process and Construction Project Information Flows}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={257-266}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/629}, affiliation={Ph.D., Honorary Fellow, Construction Engineering and Management Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, chin2@wisc.edu }, abstract={The inception and completion of the contractor’s tasks (i.e., physical production) rely on complete and prompt responses to related information from the design team. However, observations on processing times of Requests For Information (RFI), which is one of major construction project information flows, show that the processing times are unnecessarily long and that on-time response rates are low. The primary goal of this study is to investigate reason(s) for long information processing time from the production perspective. The study uses three similar projects in terms of the type of building, project budget, and construction duration, gathering actual RFI processing times and measuring key flow performance metrics in order to determine that the major reason for late RFI reviews is the high level of work-inprocess (WIP) in the system. To fortify this finding, the study conducts regression analyses, which show a strong correlation between the number of WIP (i.e., RFIs) and the number of delays. The study also analyzes what factors make the WIP level high and suggests possible solutions to reduce the level of WIP from the production perspective. }, author_keywords={Delay, processing time, regression, request for information, work-in-process }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Chinda2009, author={Chinda, Thanwadee }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={The Use of System Dynamics Modelling in Improving Construction Safety}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={91-100}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/630}, affiliation={PhD, School of Management Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Bangkadi, Pathumthani, Thailand, Phone +66-2-5013505 ext.2111, thanwadee@siit.tu.ac.th }, abstract={The construction project has a predetermined date of delivery, is subject to one or several performance goals, and consists of a number of complex activities. These characteristics make the construction industry one of the most hazardous industries, resulting in high rates of accidents. The main cause of construction accidents is viewed as the direct result of having a poor safety culture. Much attention has been paid to organizational safety culture, and to the development of tools for monitoring its health, in order to identify areas for safety improvement. This paper aims to develop the construction safety culture (CSC) dynamic model, utilizing the system dynamics (SD) modeling, to capture the interactions among key factors of CSC over a period of time. The CSC index, developed through SD modeling, is used to measure the level of CSC maturity, and identify areas for safety improvement. Furthermore, dynamic simulations for two organizations are performed, and simulation results are investigated. The organizations could also perform a number of policy experiments to underline areas for safety improvement, and select the best policy that matches its situation. }, author_keywords={Construction industry, CSC dynamic model, CSC improvement, CSC index, policy experiments. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Chua2009, author={Chua, David K.H. and Yeoh, K.W. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={A Framework for Construction Requirements Based Planning Utilizing Constraints Logic Programming}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={327-336}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/631}, affiliation={Associate Professor, Dept of Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, (65) 65162195, FAX (65) 67791635, cvedavid@nus.edu.sg ; Research Scholar, Dept of Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, (65) 65164643, FAX (65) 67791635, g0600355@nus.edu.sg }, abstract={In the lean construction philosophy, the management of constraints is essential to reduce project delays. These constraints can be derived from construction requirements which define the characteristics of the construction project. This paper discusses the evolution and classification of requirements. Additionally, a framework to semantically map the construction requirements to schedule constraints called PDM++ is proposed, which models the schedule impact of such requirements. Finally, an analysis methodology is proposed to identify the criticality of constraints and construction requirements. This allows project managers to subsequently manage these critical requirements. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the usage of PDM++ and the proposed analysis methodology. }, author_keywords={Construction requirements, constraints management, integrated planning and scheduling, computer-aided scheduling. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Davis2009, author={Davis, Steven R. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={An Algorithm for Creating Master Schedules That Minimises Schedule Reorganisation Resulting From Adverse Risk Events}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={187-196}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/632}, affiliation={Lecturer, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia, Phone +61 2/9385-5052, FAX 2/9385-6139, s.davis@unsw.edu.au }, abstract={Lookahead planning is a process that identifies constraints that need to be removed in order for the activity to proceed. If an activity has constraints that cannot be removed in time for it to start then the activity needs to be rescheduled and work may need to be found for the resources that would otherwise be idle. This may impact many subsequent activities that depend on the delayed activity reducing the reliability of the schedule and potentially extending the project. This paper presents an algorithm based on a risk model for creating a master schedule for a project arranged to minimise the reorganisation required when delays occur to activities that have some probability of being delayed. The model assumes that the project will be utilising a lookahead process so that it will be recognised ahead of time that a particular activity will be delayed. It also assumes that the probabilities that different activities will be delayed, and an estimate of the amount of warning of each delay that will be given by the lookahead process, can be obtained from risk analysis. A case study example is presented that highlights the algorithm’s effectiveness. }, author_keywords={Risk management, lookahead process, schedule planning, schedule reorganisation, }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Feng2009, author={Feng, Peter P. and Tommelein, Iris D. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Causes of Rework in California Hospital Design and Permitting: Augmenting an Existing Taxonomy}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={407-416}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/633}, affiliation={Assistant Professor, Engineering Management Department Air Force Institute of Technology, Dayton, OH 45431, Phone +1 510/292-9786, peter@fengconsultants.com ; Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (http://p2sl.berkeley.edu/) and Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, 215-A McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, Phone +1 510/643-8678, FAX +1 510/643-8919, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu }, abstract={Based on the premise that healthcare facility design and construction costs are escalating due to rework in (1) upfront planning, (2) programming, (3) design, and (4) permitting phases, a group of healthcare facility owners, architects, designers, contractors and state permitting personnel conducted a study to understand where the waste occurs. This study identified 158 process waste items. In this paper we categorize these 158 waste items using an existing taxonomy of rework and extending it as needed. The existing taxonomy of rework contains five categories: (1) human resource capability, (2) leadership and communication, (3) engineering and reviews, (4) construction, planning, and scheduling, and (5) material and equipment supply. The extension places waste items into three new categories: (1) planning, programming, and budgeting, (2) design planning and scheduling, and (3) design review. This research identifies what causes of rework are within the California healthcare facility design and permitting phases. Understanding these waste items provides a foundation on which to build new practices that avoid costly design and permitting delays. }, author_keywords={Cause and effect diagram, design and permitting, rework, and lean construction. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Formoso2009, author={Formoso, Carlos T. and Moura, Camile B. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Evaluation of the Impact of the Last Planner System on the Performance of Construction Projects}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={153-164}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/634}, affiliation={Ph.D., Associate Professor at NORIE/UFRGS (Building Innovation Research Unit, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul). Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 99, 3º andar. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. CEP 90040-020. Fax: 55-51-3316-4054. E-mail: formoso@ufrgs.br ; Civil Engineer, M.Sc., Researcher at NORIE/UFRGS. Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 99, 3º andar, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. CEP 90040-020. E-mail: camile.moura@gmail.com }, abstract={The Last Planner System of Production Control has been used in many different countries since the mid Nineties. However, most research studies developed so far have emphasized the analysis of qualitative data, based on a small number of case studies. Very few quantitative analyses have been undertaken on the impact of its implementation and on the factors that affect its effectiveness. Based on the construction of a large project database, this article presents the main results of an investigation that aimed to assess the impact of LPS based production planning and control systems on the performance of construction projects in terms of cost and time. This investigation has also analyzed the impact of a set of production management practices on the effectiveness of those planning systems. The database contains the following indicators: PPC, cost deviation, time deviation, and site management best practices index. Several analyses were carried out using regression analysis techniques. As main conclusions, the study provided some evidences on the way production planning and control influences project performance, and the importance of site management best practices on the effectiveness of planning and control. Despite the fact that some of the analyses indicated a fairly low correlation index, due to some limitations on the data available, the regression models produced were very consistent. }, author_keywords={Last planner, planning and control, production management, project performance. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Friblick2009, author={Friblick, Fredrik and Olsson, Veronica and Reslow, Joakim }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Prospects for Implementing Last Planner in the Construction Industry}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={197-206}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/635}, affiliation={Assistant prof, Department of Industrial management and logistics, Lund university and CEO Prolog Construction Logistics, Sweden, Phone +46 704 930 561, fredrik.friblick@prolog.se ; Civil engineer, Prolog Bygglogistik AB, Malmö, Sweden, Phone +46 736 218 173, FAX +46 40 122 367, veronica.olsson@prolog.se ; Civil, engineer, Prolog Bygglogistik AB, Malmö, Sweden, Phone +46 708 211 797, FAX +46 40 122 367, joakim.reslow@prolog.se }, abstract={This paper presents, from a lean construction perspective, the results of a national study about production planning, involving building companies in Sweden. Collection of information includes field studies, an electronical survey and interviews with project managers and site managers. As a result of gathered information, common means regarding planning projects is being presented, as well as a compilation of the planners’ requirements and desideratums. Lean construction is discussed in the relation to results showing that the respondents were unfamiliar with theories about planning e.g. the Last Planner system. Many of the approached respondents in the study are of the opinion that their planning knowledge is insufficient and that they are in need of education in order to improve their planning ability, resulting in more profitable projects. Also, the study shows a desire to involve more people in the planning activities, such as physical workers and subcontractors. The will to improve the planning process in combination with a desire to involve more personnel are distinctive conditions to raise the industries knowledge about Last Planner. }, author_keywords={Production planning, Last Planner, survey, interviews, Sweden, subcontractors, physical workers. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Friblick2009, author={Friblick, Fredrik and Tommelein, Iris D. and Mueller, Edith and Falk, Jon Henrik }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Development of an Integrated Facade System to Improve the High-Rise Building Process}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={359-370}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/636}, affiliation={Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management and Logistics, Lund University, Sweden, and CEO Prolog Construction Logistics, Malmö, Sweden, Phone +46704930561, fredrik.friblick@prolog.se ; Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (http://p2sl.berkeley.edu/) and Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, 215-A McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, Phone +1 510/643-8678, Fax +1 510/643-8919, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu ; Director, Arup Facade Engineering in London, and CWCT, Bath; contact: edith.mueller@arup.com ; Founder and inventor, Brunkeberg Industriutveckling AB, Regeringsgatan 93, 111 39 Stockholm, Sweden, Phone +46703604424, henrik@brunkeberg.se }, abstract={This paper describes an integrated system for facade installation in high-rise buildings, the development of which was guided by lean construction principles. The facade system has components that comprise means to ease material handling, installation, and maintenance. Integrated installation features of the facade system remain as permanent parts of the exterior facilitates and serves the process of building maintenance. De-coupling of interacting trades during installation has been the main driver in the system’s product development process and is a major system advantage. The facade will be installed from the building’s exterior and require only minimal on-floor work, allowing other contractors on site to use the space inside the building. The number of fixers needed when building with the integrated installation system will be significantly lower than with a traditional facade system. Using this system, panels can be handled and installed with a continuous flow that is less prone to variation and generates less waste, such as internal transport and waiting time, relative to traditional installation systems. This paper refers to lean principles as tools to master challenges in the facade installation process, recognizing problems in traditional installation systems such as, e.g., chain reactions caused by delay. The integrated facade system, including patented technology, is under further development and in preparation for on-site trials. }, author_keywords={High-rise building, lean construction, material handling, supply chain, waste reduction, de-coupling, variability reduction, continuous flow, cladding panels, facade system }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Salvatierra-Garrido2009, author={Salvatierra-Garrido, Jose and Pasquire, Christine and Thorpe, Tony }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Value in Construction From a Lean Thinking Perspective: Current State and Future Development}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={281-294}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/637}, affiliation={PhD Student, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, UK, Phone +44 (0)1509 222884, J.L.Salvatierra-Garrido@lboro.ac.uk ; Senior Lecturer in Commercial and Construction Management, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, UK, Phone +44 (0)1509 222895, c.l.pasquire@lboro.ac.uk ; Head of Department, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, UK, Phone +44(0)1509 223770, a.thorpe@lboro.ac.uk }, abstract={At present, the concept of Value has been included in many theories and management tools applied to the construction industry. Despite a continuing effort of researchers to define or develop a common understanding of this concept, this work has not advanced sufficiently to provide a universal theory of Value to apply in the construction industry as a whole. This paper investigates the conceptual notion of Value from a Lean Thinking (LT) perspective with the aim of developing a framework for understanding Value from this and how Value has been used in the construction industry. Historically, in most definitions of the concept of Value three main parameters (cost, time, and quality) converge, in construction many authors place these parameters in an economic perspective in which “Value for Money” dominates. At present, LT applied to the construction industry has demonstrated the potential to add Value from the very early stages of a project. Therefore, the focus of LT in construction is extended beyond the on-site project delivery and into the earlier processes such as design and supply chain integration. The work described in this paper forms part of a larger study aimed at understanding how construction delivers Value to the society as a whole, and why this concept should be incorporated into. }, author_keywords={Lean thinking, value, lean construction, quality, waste. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Gomez2009, author={Gomez, Christy P. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={An Innovative Self-Assessment Approach for Minimization of Construction Pecularities on Lean-Oriented D&B Projects}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={67-78}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/638}, affiliation={Senior Lecturer, Department of Construction and Property Management, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. PH: (+6)07-453 7193; FAX: (+6)07-453 6021; email: cpgomez@uthm.edu.my }, abstract={It has been established that the three pecularities (3 P’s) of construction production, namely: site production; one-of-a-kind product; and temporary production organization, leads to variability and thus to waste, as well as low performance levels affecting delivery of value to the client. This phenomena is often taken for granted as a permanent characteristic and a given feature of the construction industry. However, there are a growing number of findings regarding established benefits (especially based on whole-life costing approach) to be gained from long-term relationships, systems formwork, industrialized building systems, automation in construction though using light-weight construction materials, and planning and scheduling techniques such as Line-of-Balance etc. It is argued in this paper that it is necessary to challenge these basic assumptions and secure innovative approaches to drive concerted fundamental efforts towards minimizing waste and maximizing value in construction. In line with this argument, a Lean Excellence Assessment Framework Driver (LEAF-D) for construction project organizations that is focused on minimizing site production; implementation of generic production and installation tools and techniques; and incorporation of elements towards development of more permanent organization structures, is proposed. Additionally, taking into account that the construction industry is confronted with immense communication difficulties, and an evidently ineffective use of information and communication technology, the LEAF-D is being designed as a simple-to-use web-based tool, entitled Web-Lean Assessment Framework Phase 1 (Web-LEAF1). The assessment will be consistently undertaken by representatives of the various disciplines of the novated design-and-construct (ND&C) organizations on a continuous basis (to stimulate continuous improvement) within certain set time-frames to fit with the project durations, that will only require input of new and updating of existing data based on specific elements as identified under the 3P’s. With respect to the often regarded traditional nature of the construction industry, this innovative approach is viewed as one of the necessary drivers to initiate action for transforming construction so as to be within the relevant eco-system to support lean concepts and principles. The framework is designed to be implemented on ND&C project organizations that are committed to developing their potential for minimizing waste and maximizing value. }, author_keywords={Lean Excellence Assessment, novated design-and-construct, innovative. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Gonzalez2009, author={Gonzalez, Vicente and Alarcon, Luis Fernando and Maturana, Sergio and Mundaca, Fernando and Bustamante, Jose Antonio }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Rational Commitment Model: Improving Planning Reliability and Project Performance}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={207-218}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/639}, affiliation={Postdoctoral Fellow, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Lecturer, Escuela de Ingeniería de la Construcción, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile. E-Mail: vagonzag@uc.cl ; Professor of Civil Engineering, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. E-Mail: lalarcon@ing.puc.cl ; Professor of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. E-Mail: smaturan@ing.puc.cl ; Well Engineer, Integrated Project Management - Schlumberger. E-Mail: mundaca@slb.com ; Planning and Development Engineer, Socovesa, Santiago, Chile. E-Mail: jabustamante@socovesa.cl }, abstract={Reliability of planning commitments at operational level is one of the key factors to improve project performance. The Last Planner System (LPSTM) is a tool designed to improve planning reliability in construction industry, however, the improvements in planning reliability are often limited due to the fact that the decision-making processes in construction, including those related to planning commitments, are mainly based on experience and intuition. The Rational Commitment Model (RCM) presented in this paper is a tool that helps to overcome this situation by introducing decision-making aids based on analysis of field data, which allows developing more reliable planning commitments using statistical models. RCM allows forecasting planning commitments for short term-periods using field production data such as labor available, buffer size, and planned progress. Several case studies have demonstrated the RCM forecasting capabilities and its practical use to improve reliability of planning commitments and project performance. The RCM also contributes to solve the well-known workloadcapacity problem and provides useful insight into lean production performance issues. }, author_keywords={Lean Production, Rational Commitment Model, Planning Reliability, Statistical Models. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Gonzalez2009, author={Gonzalez, Vicente and Alarcon, Luis Fernando }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={A Methodology for Integrated Buffer Design and Management in Repetitive Construction Projects}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={393-406}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/640}, affiliation={Postdoctoral Fellow, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Lecturer, Escuela de Ingeniería de la Construcción, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile. E-Mail: vagonzag@uc.cl ; Professor of Civil Engineering, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. E-Mail: lalarcon@ing.puc.cl }, abstract={One important challenge of production systems in both manufacturing and construction is the management of the harmful impacts of variability. While both industries have commonly used buffer-based production strategies to deal with the variability issue, construction is characterized for using intuitive, non-general and wasteful buffering strategies. For overcoming these limitations, this paper describes a conceptual approximation for an integrated buffer (Bf) design and management methodology using Work-In-Process (WIP) in repetitive building projects. The Bf design component uses the Multiobjective-Analytic-Model (MAM) and Simulation-Optimization (SO) modeling, while the Bf management component uses the Rational-Commitment-Model (RCM), an operational decision support tool based on statistical analysis. Each individual component has been previously tested and validated in different case projects. This integrated methodology provides a comprehensive approach to deal with variability using WIP Bf, which explicitly considers: (i) a general production framework which covers the production levels from top to bottom; (ii) a general modeling framework which is suitable to any repetitive building project; and (iii) a sound theoretical framework for describing different production scenarios in repetitive building projects. The main characteristics, advantages, perspectives and limitations of the integrated methodology are addressed in the paper. }, author_keywords={Buffer design and management, work-in-process, multiobjective analytic models, simulation-optimization, rational commitment model, repetitive construction projects. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Gupta2009, author={Gupta, Arjun P. and Tommelein, Iris D. and Blume, Katherine }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Framework for Using A3s to Develop Shared Understanding on Projects }, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={545-556}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/642}, affiliation={Project Historian on CPR and Research Assistant, International Energy Systems, 90-4034 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, Phone +1 510/495-2865, arjunpgupta@gmail.com ; Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (p2sl.berkeley.edu), and Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, 215-A McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, Phone +1 510/643-8678, FAX 510/643-8919, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu ; Project Director, LEED AP, Southland Industries, 7421 Orangewood Avenue, Garden Grove, CA 92841, Phone +1 714/901-5800, FAX 714/901-5811, kblume@southlandind.com }, abstract={Various forms of Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) have recently started displacing design-build as the project delivery approach of choice for a number of players in the construction industry. In an IPD setting, the combination of all disciplines working together and concurrently provides for a continuous exchange of ideas and information, leading to more informed decision making than would be possible otherwise. A report format called the A3 has gained prominence in projects managed in IPD settings to facilitate such exchanges and develop a shared understanding among collaborators. Especially in dynamic projects, A3s help in quickly educating new participants on the nature and status of the project. A3s also have the additional advantages of helping people on other projects learn what has already been thought through and providing direct points of contact for further information on the subject presented by them. In this paper, we report on what A3s are. We describe a framework for A3 development and their effective use on projects, based on the A3 process developed in the co-opetition phase of the California Prison Receivership (CPR) project. We draw on reflections from leaders on that project to highlight questions that other projects might face and suggest means to increase the likelihood of successful implementation of the A3 process. }, author_keywords={A3s, integrated form of agreement, Integrated Project Delivery, IPD, Plan-Do-Check- Act, PDCA, knowledge management, collaboration }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Hamedi2009, author={Hamedi, M. and Sharafi, Z. and Ashraf-Modarres, A. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Standardization of Fossil-Fuel Power Plant Projects According to Lean Construction Principles}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={31-42}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/643}, affiliation={Mapna Group Research and Development, Tehran, Iran, hamedi_m@mapna.com Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran ; Mapna Group Research and Development, Tehran, Iran, hamedi_m@mapna.com ; Mapna Group Research and Development, Tehran, Iran, hamedi_m@mapna.com }, abstract={The peculiarities of construction industry cause many none-added value activities that reduce the efficiency of construction projects. These activities are real threats to corporate success and sustained growth. Therefore becoming lean and improving overall performance is indispensible in today's competitive market. Construction of fossil-fuel power plants is a complicated task susceptible to including many non-added value activities. So survival and growth in such industries is hardly achievable without having a new paradigm to execution of these projects. This paper discusses application of lean construction principles (LCP) into fossil-fuel power-plant projects in engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) phases. Partial implementation of LCP in engineering phase is achieved through standardization of design process. Consequently manufacturing power-plant main equipments that were considered a make-to-order (MOD) task has been changed to a make-to-stock (MOS) activity which greatly improves quality and reduces cost and lead time in manufacturing. Further work is being pursued to utilize LCP in preparing for construction and building power plants islands. The paper discusses a case study in MAPNA Group which involves quantification of LCP utilization in various power-plant activities and the way it has improved overall corporate performance in these projects. Finally it is shown how gained benefits are transferred as value to customers. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, standardization, fossil-fuel power plant projects. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Hamzeh2009, author={Hamzeh, Farook R. and Ballard, Glenn and Tommelein, Iris D }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Is the Last Planner System Applicable to Design? A Case Study}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={165-176}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/644}, affiliation={Ph.D. Candidate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, 215 McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, farook@calmail.berkeley.edu ; Research Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory http://p2sl.berkeley.edu and Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, 215 McLaughlin Hall, University. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712,USA, ballard@ce.berkeley.edu ; Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory http://p2sl.berkeley.edu and Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, 215-A McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, 510/643-8678, FAX: 510/643-8919, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu }, abstract={The Last PlannerTM system has been successfully implemented in construction to increase the reliability of planning, improve production performance, and create a predictable workflow. However, some practitioners question the function of the Last PlannerTM system during design especially that design processes involve iterations and circular chains of interaction between different parties. The purpose of this paper is to report on research comprising the application of Last PlannerTM system in design. The paper describes the developments and adjustments introduced to the Last PlannerTM system to better suit design processes on a health care project in North America. Novel standardized planning practices used on the project are reported and analyzed. The study findings suggest that the Last PlannerTM system principles account for both deliberative and situated action models. On one hand, deliberative planning4 takes place at the master and phase scheduling level where a premeditated rigid course of action is undertaken in setting milestones and identifying handoffs. On the other hand, situated planning is performed at the lookahead planning and weekly work planning stages where planning takes into account changes in the environment and the uncertainty affecting inputs, processes, and outputs of design activities. }, author_keywords={Lean design, last plannertm system, lookahead planning, production control, lean construction. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Hossain2009, author={Hossain, Md. Aslam and Chua, D. K. H. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Simulation-Based Model for Handling Iteration and Feedback Loop in Design}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={511-522}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/645}, affiliation={Research Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore. Email: aslam@nus.edu.sg ; Research Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore. Email: aslam@nus.edu.sg }, abstract={Iteration is a common phenomenon in design process which improves the design solution and finalizes it for downstream activities as well as for construction. Though iteration is expected, it imposes rework for the design tasks and often delays design completion. In practice, two basic types of iteration can be seen during design. Firstly, activities with sequential dependency can start early if parameter/information produced by the predecessor is estimable. This estimation might not be accurate enough so that reiteration is needed. Secondly, for coupled tasks in complex design process, design can be finalized by “Sit & settle” or through “Repetition” of tasks involved in loop so that design solution converges to a specified workable range. Taking into account the abovementioned issues, probability of rework has been formulated to develop the proposed simulation model. The simulation model has been examined with a few design tasks and found effective quantifying the amount of rework due to iteration and the overall impact on total design duration. Simulation results depict that most of the rework can be scheduled parallel along with other design tasks so that effect of rework is minimal compared to the amount of time can be saved. The results also show that size and position of coupled design tasks have a great impact on design project. KEY WORDS }, author_keywords={Iteration, rework, feedback loop, repetition, sit and settle, simulation model, design completion. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Jara2009, author={Jara, Cristina and Alarcon, Luis F. and Mourgues, Claudio }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Accelerating Interactions in Project Design Through Extreme Collaboration and Commitment Management – A Case Study}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={477-488}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/646}, affiliation={Graduate Student, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. E-Mail: cejara@uc.cl ; Professor of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. E-Mail: lalarcon@ing.puc.cl ; Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. E-Mail: cmourgue@ing.puc.cl }, abstract={Extreme Collaboration (XC) is a methodology originally pioneered by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory to accelerate the conceptual design of space missions from months to a few days. XC has been adapted for application to AEC projects showing its potential for reducing cycle time and improving quality in construction projects. XC teams are cross-functional, co-located groups enabled with high performance computer modeling and simulation tools, large and interactive graphic displays, shared models and special organization, culture and training to support the design process. This paper reports on the experimentation by the authors to accelerate the design process of a multidisciplinary team that is expected to simultaneously optimize the architecture, structural design, energy efficiency and cost of wood houses. The authors adapted the XC concepts to the context of the project team and combined them with Phase Scheduling, which manages the commitments of the design team members. This paper describes the adapted methodology and the preliminary evaluation by the project team. The team, 20 designers from 5 disciplines, evaluated different aspects of the methodology, including speed, quality, effectiveness, team work, modeling support, and planning reliability. The results are promising and have encouraged the authors to continue using the adapted methodology in future projects. }, author_keywords={Extreme collaboration, phase scheduling, commitment management, last planner system, lean project delivery system }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Jensen2009, author={Jensen, Patrik and Hamon, Emile and Olofsson, Thomas }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Product Development Through Lean Design and Modularization Principles}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={465-474}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/647}, affiliation={M.Sc., Div. Construction Engineering and Management, Luleå university of Technology, Sweden, Phone +46 8 566 414 61 , FAX +46 8 566 410 50, patrik.jensen@tyrens.se ; M.Sc., Tyréns AB, 205 19 Malmö, Sweden, Phone +46 8 566 416 68 , FAX +46 8 566 410 50, Emile.Hamon@tyrens.se ; Professor, Div. Construction Engineering and Management, Luleå university of Technology, Sweden, Phone +46 920 491362, FAX +46 920 491091, Thomas.olofsson@ltu.se }, abstract={Customers’ demands regarding quality and cost efficiency caused the Swedish construction industry to increase its levels of prefabrication. However, the main focus has been on the structural design and production in the development of these new building systems, and very little attention has been devoted to customer needs and requirements. This has created a situation where ad hoc solutions have been introduced to adapt the building system to match the project requirements, causing problems in the production process with waste and quality problems as a result. Therefore, a development project was initiated with the goal to design a new building system for multi-story timber housing that could match the client needs and requirements. This paper describes how this development process was pursued using lean design methods and modularization principles. A multi-skilled development team worked for over 6 months in developing a technical and a process platform for a flexible building system. The study shows that it is evident that modularization principles can be used in order to develop flexible building systems that better can match the requirements from an individual project. From a set of rules, the architect can configure and design a unique building which enables the manufacturability of the building system and ensures a smooth assembly process of the prefabricated modules on the construction site. }, author_keywords={Lean design, modularization, configuration, prefabrication, product development. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Kalsaas2009, author={Kalsaas, Bo Terje and Skaar, John and Thorstensen, Rein Terje }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Implementation of Last Planner in a Medium-Sized Construction Site}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={15-30}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/648}, affiliation={Dr.Ing, Associate Professor, Faculty of economics and social sciences, Department of working life and innovation, University of Agder, 4846 Grimstad, Norway, Phone +47 37 25 30 00, e-mail: bo.t.kalsaas@uia.no ; Quality and HSE-manager John Skaar, Skanska Agder, Norway, Phone +47 45869178, e-mail: John.Skaar@skanska.no ; Head of Department Rein Terje Thorstensen, Faculty of technology and science, Department of engineering and science, University of Agder, 4846 Grimstad, Norway, Phone +47 37 25 30 00, e-mail: rein.t.thorstensen@uia.no }, abstract={The paper address a pilot project in implementation of Last Planner initiated by the general contractor, Skanska, in a construction project of 6800 square metre made up of a kindergarten, junior high school and a sports and cultural centre. Excavation work started late autumn 2008 and the utility buildings are scheduled to be delivered to the owner in June 2010. The owner is the Municipality of Kristiansand. Action research is applied as research method, where academics take part in the change processes, together with professionals from the construction project and the general contractor’s head office. This paper concerns reflections from the ongoing construction process and is based on preliminary data. The first run is broadly in accordance with the Last Planner concept as outlined by Ballard. It is, however, identified a need to improve the system to link the output from the collective phase scheduling to production planning via the lookahead schedule and constraint analysis, which has been mis-conceptualised in the early phase of the project. The most successful part of the implementation study so far is several phase planning processes, in which the technical sub-contractors have been taking active part in the collective organised planning process. It is too early in the project to see if this also leads to improved PPC in production, but it is expected that it will. However, the same quality of coordination is missing for the architect and the subcontractor for site work. It is identified a number of empirical difficulties in the implementation the process. The largest challenge seems to be the relationship between the architect, the general contractor and the owner, as the pattern in the relationship appears to be dysfunctional in order to create best possible condition for cooperation, and which need to be further studied. Moreover is it identified proposals for further improvements in the Last Planner concept. }, author_keywords={Last planner, implementation, first run study, preliminary findings }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Kemmer2009, author={Kemmer, Sergio L. and Alves, Thais da C.L. and Macedo, Marcio and Novaes, Marcos de V. and Neto, Jose de P. Barros }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Lean Office at a Construction Company}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={43-52}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/649}, affiliation={Construction Manager, Construtora C. Rolim Engenharia Ltda., Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, sergio@crolim.com.br ; Assistant Professor, Structural Engineering and Construction Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, s/n, Bloco 710, Pici, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, thaiscla@ufc.br ; Administrative and finance manager, Construtora C. Rolim Engenharia Ltda., Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, marcio@crolim.com.br ; Director, Construtora C. Rolim Engenharia Ltda., Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, marcosnovaes@crolim.com.br ; Professor, Structural Engineering and Construction Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, s/n, Bloco 710, Pici, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, jpbarros@ufc.br }, abstract={This paper presents the initial efforts of a construction company to implement the Lean philosophy at their main office. The company has reaped many benefits from the Lean philosophy at its construction sites but it realized that the office was left behind in the process and needed to catch up to sustain the gains reached by site operations. In order to engage the office personnel in a Lean Office initiative, the first step was to disseminate the Lean philosophy in a seminar and brainstorm possible actions to be taken at the office. After that, participants visited one of the company’s construction sites to see how the concepts, principles and tools presented at the seminar are used at the site. The process of payment was chosen to be the pilot project for the Lean Office initiative because it was deemed to require urgent action due to its importance to the construction site activities as well as because of the time and effort it demanded from the office personnel. The company expects to reduce the time to process bills and make payments, to reduce the incidence of rework, and to discipline site engineers, construction managers, and suppliers about the new processes to sustain the gains throughout time. }, author_keywords={Lean office, invoice, payment. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Kim2009, author={Kim, Yong-Woo and Bae, Jinwoo }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Supply Chain Costs Analysis Using Activity-Based Costing: Case Study in Rebar Supply}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={113-126}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/650}, affiliation={Yong-Woo Kim, Assistant Professor, College of Built Environment, Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. E-mail: yongkim@u.washington.edu ; Jinwoo Bae, Ph.D. Students, Construction Management Program, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. E-mail: jbae@u.washington.edu }, abstract={The activity-based costing method was used to compute rebar supply chain costs. This paper describes the model developed, the calculated costs, and sensitivity analysis results, followed by the relatedness to lean principles. Many literatures and consulting companies discuss how to reduce total costs in supply chain. But the first question to improve supply chain profitability should be to understand where the costs are spent in your supply chain and where the opportunity for improving your profits exists. Many opportunities to reduce total cost in supply chains, which are responsible for unnecessary overhead costs. The activity-based costing method was used to develop supply chain costing model. This paper discusses the benefits of activity-based costing in supply chain costs using a case study in rebar supply chain. This paper contributes to the knowledge of lean construction domain in that the activity-based costing method is adopted in supply chain costing so that stakeholders can make use of the ABC costing data to reduce total supply chain costs to achieve the project objective, not their internal production objectives. }, author_keywords={Supply chain costs; rebar supply; activity-based costing }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Ko2009, author={Ko, Chien-Ho and Ko, Chin-Yuan }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Diagnosis and Strategy Development for Introducing Lean Production Systems in Precast Fabrication}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={443-452}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/651}, affiliation={Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, e-mail: fpecount@yahoo.com.tw, phone: +886-8-7703202, fax: +886-8-7740122; Research Director, Lean Construction Institute- Taiwan; Executive Director, Lean Construction Institute-Asia ; Assistant Researcher, Lean Construction Institute-Taiwan, http://www.TaiwanLCI.org/ }, abstract={The most challenge issue when enterprise implementing continuous improvement is how to select appropriate methods. The objective of this study is to develop a diagnosis model for analyzing appropriate methods. The model is developed using enterprise diagnosis methods that consist of three components, namely production system, fundamental management, and staff mentality. Those three perspectives stems from Toyota’s 3 M’s (muda, mura, muri). Applicability of the proposed model is validated using a real precast fabricator. Application results show that the developed model has potential to be used to analyze strategy required for introducing lean ideas. }, author_keywords={Lean production, business diagnosis, precast, lean construction. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Koskela2009, author={Koskela, Lauri and Rooke, John }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={What Triggers Management Innovation?}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={337-344}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/652}, affiliation={Professor, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, l.j.koskela@salford.ac.uk ; Research fellow, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, jalfro@eml.cc }, abstract={There is a popular tendency in management science towards what could be called “theory denial”: the denial of the significance of theory for the development of management thought and action. We contend that this theory denial is just wrong, in the light of empirical evidence, and that is a damaging idea, because it diverts the attention of the scholarly community away from the core issues of the field. In this paper, we consider two variants of this theory denial, purporting to reveal the serious problems in their justification. First, the approach stressing the importance of studying how ideas are translated into solutions by organizations is considered. It is shown that there two unsubstantiated assumptions, first about the relative lack of importance of the (solution) idea, and second about the prior existence of such ideas. Second, a recent influential view on management innovation and the process through which it emerges is examined. This view focuses on the individuals (from inside and outside the organisation) who drive the innovation process and on the phases of the innovation process itself. The motivation for change is represented as coming solely from a perceived shortfall between the organization’s current and potential performance. Ideas, it would seem, arise spontaneously to fill this gap. We present historical examples to argue that the genesis of innovative management thinking can be much more closely accounted for and that ideas can themselves have a role in motivating change. Through exemplary cases, we contend that new concepts of production have operated in a way resembling the role of a scientific paradigm, as defined by Kuhn. A leading aspect of such a paradigm is that it defines criteria for choosing problems. The concept precedes and drives the innovation, functioning as a paradigm which guides the development of detailed solutions to problems which otherwise would not be visible. Indeed, the developments of new concepts of production seem to have triggered a long-standing stream of interrelated management innovations. Thus, rather than arising spontaneously in response to organisational need, “management ideas” have arisen in the context of an emerging theory of production. Thus, we contend that the role of management scholars is not only to come up with creative ideas or to address the translation of ideas, as held in the mainstream view, but rather they should develop new concepts and theories on phenomena relevant for management (such as production), based also on a critical scrutiny of present ones, clarify and make explicit concepts in use that are implicit, and codevelop new methods based on proven or promising concepts. }, author_keywords={Management innovation, theory. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Koskela2009, author={Koskela, Lauri and Tommelein, Iris D. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={The Economic Theory of Production Conceals Opportunities for Sustainability Improvement}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={295-304}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/653}, affiliation={Professor, SCRI (Salford centre for research & innovation in the built & human environment), School of the Built Environment, The University of Salford, Maxwell Building, 4th floor, Salford, M5 4WT, Tel: +44(0)161 295 6378, Fax: +44(0)161 295 4587, Email l.j.koskela@salford.ac.uk ; Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (http://p2sl.berkeley.edu/) and Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering. Department, 215-A McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, Phone +1 510/643-8678, FAX 510/643-8919, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu }, abstract={In analyses of action options regarding sustainability, the economic theory of production is often used as a conceptual starting point. We contend that this theory is deficient, even counterproductive. Especially, we argue that effective options exist for sustainability improvement that are not visible in this theory, and thus will not be taken into consideration when comparing alternative options based on it. We argue that the fundamental problem of the economic theory of production is that it cannot explain the formation of either cost or value in an adequate way. This situation seems to have been caused by the foci and assumptions of the “marginalist turn” of economics, starting from 1870, especially the denial to consider any internal organization of production other than that caused by prices and costs, the assumption of optimal efficiency, and the assumption of ends as given. The shortcomings of the economic theory of production are demonstrated through a case study on plasterboard (also known as drywall) installation. We show how practices for installation of these products, as advocated in lean construction, would not have been suggested or visible in a “sustainability” analysis based on economic theory. }, author_keywords={Theory of production, economics, sustainability, lean production, waste, plasterboard, drywall, installation. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Lennartsson2009, author={Lennartsson, Martin and Bjronfot, Anders and Stehn, Lars }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Production Control Through Modularisation}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={453-464}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/654}, affiliation={M.Sc., Div. of Structural Engineering - Timber Structures, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden, Phone +46 920 492967, FAX +46 920 491091, martin.lennartsson@ltu.se ; Tech., Dr., Div. of Structural Engineering - Timber Structures, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden, Phone +46 920 492067, FAX +46 920 491091, anders.bjornfot@ltu.se ; Prof., Div. of Structural Engineering - Timber Structures, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden, Phone +46 920 491976, FAX +46 920 491091, lars.stehn@ltu.se }, abstract={In Sweden, the industrial housing trade has developed for many years with the salient idea of improving production control through an increased level of prefabrication. However, production variability is a consistent issue as work is still sub-optimised, resulting in a fragmented production process. Consequently, problems arise when prefabricated parts and components are assembled. The building services are often a source of high variability (many different components and subcontractors), leading to reduced production control. The aim of this paper is to present how modularisations can provide prerequisites for production control in service system design. So far, modularisation has only rendered little attention in Lean construction. In this paper, a modularisation development effort of five Swedish industrial housing companies is reported. To generate a relevant set of modules, several workshops were held together with company representatives and building service consultants. The Design Structure Matrix (DSM) was used to detect the lowest common geometrical denominator of the building service systems as well as crucial connection points and interfaces. Combining the DSM with qualitative module drivers generates a design for service system modules facilitating improved production control. }, author_keywords={Production control, building services, modularisation, module drivers. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Lima2009, author={Lima, Lisiane P. and Miron, Luciana I.G. and Leite, Fernanda and Formoso, Carlos T. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Perceived Value in Social Housing Projects}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={305-316}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/655}, affiliation={M.Sc., Dr. Candidate, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Osvaldo Aranha, 99, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, CEP: 90.035-190, e-mail: lisi.lima@gmail.com ; Dr., Associate Professor, School of Architecture and Urbanism, NORIE/UFRGS, Osvaldo Aranha, 99, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, CEP: 90.035-190, e-mail: luciana.miron@ufrgs.br ; Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, email: fll@andrew.cmu.edu ; Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, NORIE/UFRGS, Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 99, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, CEP: 90.035-190, Phone + 55 51 3308 3518, e-mail:formoso@ ufrgs.br }, abstract={In recent years, concerns with value generation in construction have increased, as a result of the introduction of novel marketing and operations management ideas, strongly related to the Lean Production paradigm. Among other improvements, several organizations have developed strategies targeting client attraction and retention. In the Brazilian construction industry, investments in social housing projects have greatly increased in the past decade. Considering the heavy investments in this sector, the success of a project depends strongly on final client retention and main clients’ perception on satisfaction and value. The goal of this paper is contribute to the consolidation of these concepts in the social housing context. This research is based on a set of multiple case studies carried out in two different forms of housing provision implemented in Southern Brazil. The main contributions of the paper are concerned with the understanding of the relationship among satisfaction, human needs and perceived value according to the perception of the main clients involved in construction projects, especially the dwellers. }, author_keywords={Perceived value, satisfaction, housing needs, human needs, low-income housing projects. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Lin2009, author={Lin, Chun-Chang and Wang, Wei-Chih and Yu, Wen-Der }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Integrated Model of Weighting and Evaluating Decision Criteria for Supporting Best-Value Contractor Selection}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={419-430}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/656}, affiliation={PhD, Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Phone +886 4/2392-8036, cclin.janet@msa.hinet.net. ; Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Phone +886 3/571-2121 ext. 54952, FAX 3/571-6257, weichih@mail.nctu.edu.tw. ; Professor, Department of Construction Engineering, Chung Hua University, Taiwan, Phone +886 3/518-6748, FAX 3/537-0517, wenderyu@chu.edu.tw. }, abstract={This study proposes an integrated model to facilitate the weightings and evaluations of tenders involved in the best-value contractor selection process. In the criteria weighting, an adaptive AHP approach (A3) is applied. A3 uses a soft computing scheme, genetic algorithms, to recover the weights of the various criteria based on the derived pairwise weighting matrix (PWM) of criteria. In the evaluations of tenders, two sub-models are proposed. The first sub-model is a bid price evaluation model (PRICE), and it is developed to deal with the quantitative criterion, i.e., bid price criterion. The second sub-model is a performance-based evaluation model (PERFORM), and it is employed to quantify the expected performances of other qualitative criteria for each bidder. The proposed model integrates with A3, PRICE and PERFORM to support the best-value contractor selection. The benefits of this proposed model are demonstrated by applying it a real-world case project. Lessons learned from this case project are also summarized to provide future applications. }, author_keywords={contractor selection, analytic hierarchy process, adaptive AHP approach, performance, utility function. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Liu2009, author={Liu, Min and Ballard, Glenn }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Factors Affecting Work Flow Reliability - A Case Study}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={177-186}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/657}, affiliation={Assistant Professor, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, 211 Mann Hall, 2501 Stinson Dr., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, Phone +1 919/513-7920, FAX 919/515-7908, min_liu@ncsu.edu ; Associate Professor, Civil and Env. Engineering. Department, 214 McLaughlin Hall, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, Phone +1 510/642-2016, FAX 510/643-8919, ballard@ce.berkeley.edu }, abstract={Low work flow reliability is a major contributor to the construction industry’s dismal productivity record. The purposes of this paper are to identify the factors affecting work flow reliability, learn from failures of completing work plans, and recommend strategies to improve work flow reliability in order to improve productivity for construction projects. We collected production data of 592 working days in 12 working areas from a pipe installation project which implemented the Last Planner System. The data included the number of daily planned tasks, daily planned tasks completed, daily tasks completed non-planned, daily tasks uncompleted, daily planned man-days and completed man-days. Root causes of uncompleted tasks were also documented. Based on the data collected, correlation analysis was conducted to study the factors affecting work flow reliability. We found that commitment plan, prerequisite work, material and weather are the top four factors affecting work flow reliability. Strategies on how to effectively improve work flow reliability are also recommended. The findings can help project managers focus on the important factors causing work flow variation in their work plan and improve labor productivity. The results can also help consulting companies pinpoint root causes and responsibility for productivity losses in claims. }, author_keywords={Work flow, work flow reliability, last planner system, lean construction, productivity. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Liu2009, author={Liu, Jang-Jeng and Wang, Wie-Chih }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Simulation-Based Scheduling Model for Multiple Design Projects}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={523-532}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/658}, affiliation={Graduate student, Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan. E-mail: sandroliu@nsrrc.org.tw. ; Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan. E-mail: weichih@mail.nctu.edu.tw. }, abstract={A design firm often needs to allocate various types of design resources or participants to the multi-disciplinary activities of various design projects. Each of these design projects is undertaken either in a proposal phase, basic design phase, detailed design phase, or construction phase of a building project. Effective allocation of the design participants to activities depends on how the design activities of these design projects are scheduled. But the effect which is caused by design iterations in schedule and resource isn’t considered before. This study finds design iterations by DSM and other methods and develops a simulation-based scheduling model to effective allocate design participants to multiple design projects under the effect of design iteration. This model is helpful to find how to lean the design schedule and design resources. Particularly, simulation algorithms are proposed to model the uncertainties of design iterations, draw amounts of iterations, design participants’ man hour, and activity durations. The operation of the model is demonstrated by applying it to a Taiwanese design firm who deals with multiple design projects. }, author_keywords={Multi-project, design iteration; design schedule; design process; simulation }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Maund2009, author={Maund, Kim A. and London, Kerry }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Integrated Supply Chain Construction Ecosystem Management}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={103-112}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/659}, affiliation={PhD Candidate, School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and The Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Australia, Phone 02 49215000, FAX 4985 4200, kim.maund@studentmail.newcastle.edu.au ; Professor, Chair in Construction Management, School of Architecture and Building, Faculty of Science and Technology, Deakin University, Australia, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Phone 03 52278301, FAX 03 522 78341, kerry.london@deakin.edu.au }, abstract={Agenda 21 may be considered the most significant programme of action influencing environmental policy for the Australian development and construction industry. The industry has remained one of the most rapidly expanding sectors; yet, we have seen the gradual process of exhausting natural resources and irreversible environmental degradation. Even with the introduction of numerous new environmental policies, it remains questionable as to whether real improvements have occurred across the industry. Legislative mechanisms to direct on-site environmental management appear deficient; information flows between participants along the supply chain appear to impact upon environmental management performance; and industry fragmentation remains compounded by ill-defined external, non-contractual supply chain influences that directly impact on contractual systems. Limited research has considered construction supply chain theory and environmental management particularly in reference to policy. The literature highlighted a need to develop a supply chain model which seeks to integrate chain actors and government regulators through holistic information management. The model assumes that fundamental to industry change is statutory control to mandate construction environmental management plans. However, industry change and subsequent environmental management rely upon effective information dissemination. The next stage involves model refinement, investigating barriers and enablers to widespread diffusion of such an innovative integrated environmental management system. }, author_keywords={Supply chain integration, ecologically sustainable construction, environmental policy, environmental management }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Morton2009, author={Morton, Scott and Ballard, Glenn }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Conceptual Estimating in Project Capital Planning and Validation.}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={431-440}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/660}, affiliation={VP Project Development, Oscar J. Boldt Construction Company. Scott.Morton@boldt.com ; Associate Adjunct Professor, University of California, Berkeley. ballard@ce.berkeley.edu }, abstract={Cost modeling for capital construction projects is a critical aspect of the funding approval process. Traditional conceptual cost-modeling efforts have been undependable because they lack connection to the specific program, quality, site and locality characteristics of the project owner’s expectations. Underestimating construction costs will jeopardize project success; overestimating costs will put project approval at risk. Either diminishes the effectiveness of the project owner’s business planning. This paper describes a process for evaluating the completed financial performance of multiple projects on the basis of a building’s program, quality factors, and site and locality characteristics. These same factors can be used as a cost-modeling tool that dramatically increases the dependability of the outcome. The tool allows for real-time cost modeling and evaluation of multiple project considerations or solutions. The output of the cost model provides an achievable yet challenging starting point for an effective integrated target value design effort, with individual component target costs defined in addition to overall project target cost. The process is illustrated with a case study and compared to other approaches to conceptual estimating. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research. }, author_keywords={Capital planning, conceptual estimating, cost modeling, target costing, target value design }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Nguyen2009, author={Nguyen, Hung V. and Lostuvali, Baris and Tommelein, Iris D. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Decision Analysis Using Virtual First-Run Study of a Viscous Damping Wall System}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={371-382}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/661}, affiliation={PhD Candidate, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Department, 407 McLaughlin Hall, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, hung-nguyen@berkeley.edu ; Senior Project Manager, HerreroBoldt, CPMC Cathedral Hill Hospital Project, 633 Folsom Street, 6th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94107, Phone +1 415/762-7432, blostuvali@herrero.com ; Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory http://p2sl.berkeley.edu/ and Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, 215-A McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, Phone +1 510/643-8678, FAX +1 510/643-8919, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu }, abstract={Although Building Information Modeling (BIM) practices such as 3D modeling, 4D simulation, clash detection, model-based analysis, model-based scheduling and estimating have been widely utilized by the A/E/C industry, there is insufficient guidance on the application of BIM to assist the team in integrating product design and process design to meet target value in an Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) environment. This paper investigates the possibility of performing a virtual first-run study (VFRS) during a project’s design phase. VFRS is a first-run study carried out in a virtual environment, where objects of study are created in a computer model in three dimensions, and those objects are linked to process and resource data to represent the process of construction. The paper describes a case study of employing VFRS, process mapping, and Choosing By Advantages to choose a method for the installation of Viscous Damping Walls at the Cathedral Hill Hospital Project in San Francisco. The paper concludes by proposing an integrated framework for the efficient application of VFRS to support project teams on constructability review, construction planning, and operation design. }, author_keywords={Virtual first-run study (vfrs), bim, work structuring, choosing by advantages. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Olano2009, author={Olano, Ricardo M. and Alarcon, Luis F. and Razuri, Carlos }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Understanding the Relationship Between Planning Reliability and Schedule Performance: A Case Study}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={139-153}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/662}, affiliation={Project Superintendent at Freeport McMoran Americas,PMP, MBA, PhD Student in Management Sciences (ESADE - Spain), E-Mail: Ricardo_Olano@fmi.com ; Professor of Civil Engineering, Escuela de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile, E-Mail: lalarcon@ing.puc.cl ; MSc, Escuela de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile, E-Mail: cerazuri@uc.cl }, abstract={The earned-value method (EVA) monitors the progress of the project using dollar value or man hours as the metric by comparing the amount of work completed against the work planned to be complete and indicate if the project is on or behind schedule by means of the Schedule Performance Index (SPI). The Last Planner System (LPS™) increase planning reliability by reducing workflow variability, through analyzing and removing activity restrictions, analyzing causes for not fulfilled plans and monitoring its improvements by means of Percentage of Plan Completed (PPC). The paper presents two cases studies about the application of the mentioned project control techniques and shows evidence that demonstrates the relationship between planning reliability (PPC) and project schedule performance (SPI). This relationship was tested statistically showing positive trends. The results show that project time is improved by increasing planning reliability during construction phase. These findings can help project managers understand the relationship between workflow reliability and project time, and prove that the role of the professional manager needs to become more proactive. }, author_keywords={Project control, earned-value, last planner, planning reliability and schedule performance. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Parrish2009, author={Parrish, Kristen and Tommelein, Iris D. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Making Design Decisions Using Choosing by Advantages}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={501-510}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/663}, affiliation={Project Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 90R1116, Berkeley, CA, 94720-2117, KDParrish@lbl.gov ; Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (http://p2sl.berkeley.edu/) and Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, 215-A McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, Phone +1 510/643-8678, FAX +1 510/643-8919, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu }, abstract={Choosing By Advantages (CBA) is a sound system to make decisions using welldefined vocabulary to ensure clarity and transparency in the decision-making process. Making sound design decisions aids in successful implementation of set-based design. This paper explores the use of CBA to select a design for steel reinforcement, aka. rebar, in a beam-column joint. CBA, in conjunction with set-based design, allows the engineer to explicitly consider multiple design alternatives that meet various ‘must’ and ‘want’ criteria. The factors and criteria developed to evaluate the design alternatives reflect the values of the various project team members involved in rebar design and construction. Because decision-making is subjective, it is important to document why and on what basis decisions are made so they can be revisited at a later time on that project, should new considerations or facts become available, and on future projects. Decision-makers using CBA list the attributes and advantages (the beneficial difference between two alternatives) of each alternative and then assign a degree of importance to each advantage relative to the one that is least preferred. The example presented herein shows that team member values may conflict, but including all perspectives in the CBA table enriches the decision-making process and cultivates a shared understanding among project team members. }, author_keywords={Choosing By Advantages, group decision making, set-based design, reinforced concrete design. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Pavez2009, author={Pavez, Ignacio and Gonzales, Vicente and Alarcon, Luis F. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Integral Vision: A Novel Approach to Improve the Efectiveness of Lean Construction Theory and Practice}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={267-280}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/664}, affiliation={Research Engineer, MSc, Production Management Center (GEPUC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. E-Mail: ipavez@ing.puc.cl ; Postdoctoral Fellow, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Lecturer, School of Construction Engineering, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile. E-Mail: vagonzag@uc.cl ; Professor of Civil Engineering, PhD, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Engineering, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, E-mail: lalarcon@ing.puc.cl }, abstract={Currently, most of management approaches coming from engineering have been focused on the exterior world, it means, everything that can be see (structures-processes-outcomes). This situation has created a low sustainability of these management approaches and tools, because they forget central aspects of people behavior both in individual and collective domains. Therefore, some efforts to integrate the organization’s interior and exterior world have been carried out, with the aim of looking at the organization’s interior world (personalityemotionality- values-culture) as a design space coherent with effective management practices focused on the exterior world, as lean construction. This article describes and analyzes the revolutionary theory of integral vision proposed by Ken Wilber, as a framework that embraces different insights, theories and practices in such a manner that strengthen the discipline of project management under lean construction perspective. Thus, it can be argued that, if lean construction wants to evolve towards an effective management practice, needs to include some elements of integral vision, in order to make compatible human and technical development inside the organization or project. By doing so, lean construction has to strength research areas related to people, which so far have received little attention. }, author_keywords={Integral vision, lean construction, lean management, organizations. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Perera2009, author={Perera, Salinda and Davis, Steven and Marosszeky, Marton }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Two Dimensional View of the Supply Chain on Construction Projects}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={127-136}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/665}, affiliation={PhD Candidate, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Phone +61 422 179 306, sperera@evanspeck.com ; Lecturer, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Phone +61 2 9385 5052 , sdavis@unsw.edu.au ; Executive Consultant, Evans and Peck Pty Ltd. Level 6, Tower 2, 475 Victoria Ave, Chatswood, NSW, 2067, Australia, Phone +61 2 9495 0576, Email mmarosszeky@evanspeck.com }, abstract={Subcontracted trades undertake most of the physical construction work in construction projects. While many research projects have examined relationships between designers, developers and head contractors, there has been limited focus on detailed analysis of the relationships between subcontractors. Where relationships in the supply chain have been examined it has tended to be along the dimension of contractual relationships between subcontractors and their suppliers. This paper looks at the relationships between subcontractors in a second dimension where they build on each other’s work on the construction site, but are not contractually related, except through the head contractor. Initial investigations carried out during this research confirm that subcontractors focus on the head contractor as their primary customer, and hence attention on the following trade as a customer is minimal. This paper proposes a shift in focus, whereby a subcontractor (preceding trade) attempts to meet the product and service quality expectations of the trade that will be building upon that subcontractor’s work (following trade) leading to an improved project culture and better overall project quality outcomes. Tools were developed to increase the interaction between preceding and following trades and communicate product and service quality expectations. These were implemented on three construction sites in Sydney, Australia while three other sites were monitored for changes in customer focus and culture without any interventions. Results to date show that the tools developed have in fact increased focus on following trades resulting in improvements in overall project characteristics. }, author_keywords={Construction, supply chain, process relationship, subcontractors, service quality, customer focus. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Polesie2009, author={Polesie, Pim and Frodell, Mikael and Josephson, Per-Erik }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Implementing Standardisation in Medium-Sized Construction Firms: Facilitating Site Managers’ Feeling of Freedom Through a Bottom-Up Approach}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={317-326}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/666}, affiliation={Construction Management. Department of civil and environmental engineering, built environment, Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, Phone +46317721960 pim@chalmers.se ; Construction Management. Department of civil and environmental engineering, built environment, Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, ; Construction Management. Department of civil and environmental engineering, built environment, Chalmers University of technology Göteborg, }, abstract={Construction project are often referred to as unique and construction processes often described as inefficient. The amount of waste in projects is claimed to be in the range of 10-80% depending on the definitions of waste and the methods used to study them. There is a general understanding that the proclaimed uniqueness of construction projects is a reason for the claimed inefficiency and it is suggested that the processes in construction should be more standardised to increase the efficiency and reduce waste in accordance with the lean principles. Another characteristic of construction projects is that site managers are usually given the authority to run a project as if it were their own firm, effectively running a company within a company. They value the freedom to run projects their own way and e develop ways of working with which they are comfortable and do not always consider their colleagues’ experiences. Construction firms must accordingly struggle with finding efficient ways to standardise in order to avoid the perception of dealing with unique projects while simultaneously retaining what makes the organisation special and provides them with a competitive edge. This can result in construction firms implementing modern management principles that site managers are expected to accept without considering their need for individuality. This paper discusses the challenges faced by construction firms’ need for standardised activities and processes to reduce waste and increase efficiency, while simultaneously emancipating site managers so that they continue to find freedom, value and motivation in their work. Based on interviews with eight site managers in three medium-sized Swedish construction firms, the indications are that processes should be developed slowly with a bottom-up approach. }, author_keywords={Lean principles, standardisation, construction projects, management, processes, freedom. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Ramaswamy2009, author={Ramaswamy, K.P. and Kalidindi, Satyanarayana N. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Waste in Indian Building Construction Projects}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={3-14}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/667}, affiliation={M.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India, Phone +91-9940179701, ramaswamy1985@gmail.com ; Professor, Building Technology & Construction Management Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India, Phone +91-44-22574268, satyakn@iitm.ac.in }, abstract={The Indian construction industry is characterised by challenges such as low productivity, lack of skilled labour, time and cost overruns etc. These are associated with considerable waste present in the construction sites. An important step towards elimination of waste, is to understand and measure the amount of waste actually present in Indian construction sites. Currently there is very little documentation in literature on this issue in the Indian construction industry context. This paper aims to investigate waste in Indian construction industry, focusing mainly on building projects. Six ongoing projects were taken up for the study and the wastes identified were quantified in terms of project cost by collecting data through direct observations, records and using tools such as work sampling. The results showed that waste due to non value added activities by labour and equipment was much higher compared to material waste generated in the sites. The total cost of waste calculated as percentage of project cost, for the items studied, varied from 5.38% to 14.70% among the projects studied. However, this did not include the cost of quality deviations as this data was not documented in the sites studied. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, indian construction, productivity, waste, work sampling. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Sacks2009, author={Sacks, Rafael and Dave, Bhargav A. and Koskela, Lauri and Owen, Robert }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Analysis Framework for the Interaction Between Lean Construction and Building Information Modelling}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={221-234}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/668}, affiliation={Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil and Env. Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel Phone +972-4-8293190, cvsacks@techunix.technion.ac.il ; Research Fellow, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK, Phone +44-161-2953431, b.dave@salford.ac.uk ; Professor, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK Phone +44-161- 2956378, l.j.koskela@salford.ac.uk ; Senior Research Fellow, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK, Phone +44-161-2954143, r.l.owen@salford.ac.uk }, abstract={Building with Building Information Modelling (BIM) changes design and production processes. But can BIM be used to support process changes designed according to lean production and lean construction principles? To begin to answer this question we provide a conceptual analysis of the interaction of lean construction and BIM for improving construction. This was investigated by compiling a detailed listing of lean construction principles and BIM functionalities which are relevant from this perspective. These were drawn from a detailed literature survey. A research framework for analysis of the interaction between lean and BIM was then compiled. The goal of the framework is to both guide and stimulate research; as such, the approach adopted up to this point is constructive. Ongoing research has identified 55 such interactions, the majority of which show positive synergy between the two. }, author_keywords={Building information modelling, information flow, lean construction. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Schramm2009, author={Schramm, Fábio K. and Tillmann, Patrícia A. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Redesigning the Production System to Increase Flexibility in House Building Projects}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={347-358}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/669}, affiliation={MSc, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), PhD Candidate at NORIE/UFRGS, fabioks@ufpel.edu.br, Rua Almirante Barroso, 1734, CEP: 96010-280, Pelotas/RS, Brasil, Phone: +55 53 3222 7981 ; Architect, PhD Student at NORIE/UFRGS, patriciatillmann@gmail.com }, abstract={New market requirements have demanded from industrial companies innovations in their production strategies. Mass customization is one of those innovative strategies. It combines low unit costs of mass production and product flexibility. The ability of giving to the customer the possibility to choose among several product options has also been used as a competitive advantage in the housing building sector. However, despite the growing demand for customized homes, construction companies have faced difficulties to meet clients’ needs with efficiency. One of the main causes lies in the fact that most companies do not change the way project production systems are designed to cope with the customization process, leading to an increase in site rework and waste. This paper presents a research study carried out in a housing building company, which has decided to introduce a customization strategy. The production system was redesigned based on lean principles to support that strategy. This article discusses briefly different approaches for customization, as well as the implications for the design of production systems. Also, the process of redesigning production systems based on lean principles is described. Key decisions and difficulties of this process are also highlighted. The results show that the consideration of lean principles in the production system has enabled not only the delivery of a more flexible product to customers, but also has improved the way production was managed due to an increase in transparency and predictability. }, author_keywords={Production system design; flexibility; repetitive projects. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Venkatachalam2009, author={Venkatachalam, Senthilkumar and Varghese, Koshy and Shivaji, C.Y. }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Achieving Lean Design Using Design Interface Management Tool}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={533-542}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/670}, affiliation={Research Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India -600036, Tel:+91-44–22575255, Fax:+91-44-2257 4252, Email: vsenthil@iitm.ac.in ; Professor, BTCM Division, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India – 600036, Tel: +91 -44 -22574257, Fax:+91-44-22574252, Email: koshy@iitm.ac.in ; Deputy General Manager (Design), DIAL Project, L&T ECC, Delhi, India, Tel: +91 - 44 – 2257 5255, Fax: +91 - 44 - 2257 4252, Email: cys@lntecc.com }, abstract={The design and construction on infrastructure projects were earlier done in sequence. However, the rapid rise in the infrastructure requirements and accelerated project schedules produced tremendous pressure on the construction organizations to adopt concurrent and fast-track techniques. This resulted in suboptimal utilization of resources and increased wastes to meet the schedule in the construction and design phases. Lean principles are used to plan the wastes reduction in the construction phase which was a common demand in the past. Research studies show that the design phase has more impact on the overall project planning and wastes reduction than the subsequent phases. Many methods have been devised to plan the design phases. Of these, the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) has shown a lot of application potential. This paper discusses a server based DSM tool called ‘diMs’ implemented on a design project to achieve lean design through managing the processes. The paper also discusses the waste reduction using ‘diMs’ tool compared with the conventional design practices with an example case study. }, author_keywords={Lean design, DDSM, diMs, design interface management. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Simonsson2009, author={Simonsson, Peter and Rwamamara, Romuald }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Ergonomic Exposures From the Usage of Conventional and Self Compacting Concrete}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={81-90}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/671}, affiliation={Ph.D. Student, Div of structural Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden Phone +46 920 493140, FAX +46 920 491913, Peter.Simonsson@ltu.se ; Senior Researcher, Div of Architecture and Infrastructure, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden Phone +46 920 492353, FAX +46 920 491913, Romuald.Rwamamara@ltu.se }, abstract={The use of ergonomic production methods in concrete casting does have a significant human, social and financial impact in terms of the reduction of occupational injuries and related injury compensations. This paper presents a case study of comparative analyses of the ergonomic situations for concrete workers casting with two different types of concrete, namely the conventional concrete and the self-compacting concrete (SCC). Analyses were conducted with two methods for the identification of ergonomic hazards; and in comparison to conventional concrete, the analysis results have shown that SCC consistently gave significant improvements in work postures and led to less workload and noise exposure among concrete workers. The combination of lean thinking and ergonomics result in a system where the worker is as efficient, safe, and comfortable as possible during the concrete casting work process. Material handling plays a significant role in lean construction by keeping the worker at the center and ameliorating many of the ergonomic problems that would otherwise remove the person from the production process. Transportation and unnecessary motion are two of the seven types of wastes that can be significantly reduced with the implementation of an ergonomic production system such as SCC that eliminates awkward work postures and vibrating tools. With the correct ergonomic material/product used in production of concrete structures, waste can be removed from the production system, thus creating an increase in production, decreased costs, an increase in quality of the product and less absence of workers in the future due to less stressful work. }, author_keywords={Work environment, worker safety, concrete casting, risk management, lean thinking, and ergonomics. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Wong2009, author={Wong, John-Michael and Parrish, Kristen and Tommelein, Iris D. and Stojadinovic, Bozidar }, editor={Cuperus, Ype and Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi }, title={Setplan: A Computer Tool to Aid in Set-Based Design}, journal={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, booktitle={17th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction}, year={2009}, pages={235-244}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/672}, affiliation={Designer, KPFF Consulting Engineers, 1160 Battery St., Suite 300, San Francisco, CA, 94111, Phone +1 415/989-1004, john-michael.wong@kpff-sf.com ; Project Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road Mail Stop 90R1116, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1116, KDParrish@lbl.gov ; Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (http://p2sl.berkeley.edu/) and Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, 215-A McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, Phone +1 510/643-8678, FAX +1 510/643-8919, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu ; Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, 721 Davis Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, Phone +1 510/643-7035, FAX +1 510/643-8928, boza@ce.berkeley.edu }, abstract={This paper describes a computer tool named SetPlan that works with Building Information Modelling (BIM) software to aid in set-based design. It captures information from a BIM model and displays it in a ‘dashboard’ that supports project participants in developing shared understanding of rebar objects as the design unfolds. In turn, updates from SetPlan help to colour code the BIM. We engaged practicing structural engineers, rebar fabricator-placers, and general contractors from the San Francisco Bay Area in workshops to determine the need and use cases for SetPlan. This paper illustrates SetPlan’s use for designing a shear wall. SetPlan compares three shear wall reinforcement schemes (representing various wall shapes with different boundary reinforcement). It extracts information from a BIM in Tekla 14.0 about the shear wall reinforcement, enabling information sharing across the project team. The tool eliminates some of the jargon issues that may arise in crossdisciplinary design conversations by displaying data graphically and it is a first step in making set-based design easier to implement using current design software. }, author_keywords={Set-based design, rebar, building information modelling (BIM), reinforced concrete. }, address={Taipei, Taiwan }, issn={ }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, }