@CONFERENCE{Power2019, author={Power, William and Taylor, Darrin }, editor={ }, title={Last Planner® System and Planned Percent Complete: An Examination of Individual Trade Performances}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1-12}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1626}, doi={10.24928/2019/0164}, affiliation={Productivity & Performance Manager, DPS Group, 4 Eastgate Avenue, Eastgate Business Park, Little Island, Co. Cork, Ireland, +353 21 7305000, willie.power@dpsgroupglobal.com ; Principal Lead, Academy of Lean Enterprise Excellence, RIKON Centre, School of Business, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland, +353 51 834129, dtaylor@wit.ie }, abstract={There is a dearth of research on Lean in the Irish construction sector and on the application of Lean thinking and practices on live capital projects. Lean Construction (LC) is recommended as an antidote to productivity issues encountered on capital project delivery. Last Planner® System (LPS) is a key tool of LC, and high Planned Percent Complete (PPC) achievement is positively correlated to increased productivity. This study examines individual trades’ differing PPC performances on two overlapping capital projects; it considers explanations for those differences; and it identifies areas for improvement to enhance PPC on future capital projects. LC-driven contractor selection, early trades engagement in the design process, implementation of all functions of LPS, Lean education and training, increased modularisation and prefabrication, and embracing technological advances are posited as areas for focused improvements. }, author_keywords={Lean Construction, LPS, Collaboration, Workflow, PPC, Mindset, Ireland }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Nygård2019, author={Nygård, Emil Fløvik and Wondimu, Paulos and Lædre, Ola }, editor={ }, title={Best Value Procurement – Experiences From the Execution Phase}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={109-120}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1627}, doi={10.24928/2019/0170}, affiliation={M. Sc. Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DCEE), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, emilfn@stud.ntnu.no ; Researcher, DCEE, NTNU, NTNU / Senior Engineer, Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Norway, paulos.wondimu@ntnu.no / paulos.wondimu@vegvesen.no ; Professor, DCEE, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, ola.ladre@ntnu.no }, abstract={Best value procurement (BVP) is one of the approaches for early contractor involvement (ECI) in public construction projects. Despite an increased number of projects using the approach, there is a lack of knowledge regarding use of BVP in the Norwegian construction industry. Little research has been done on the consequences due to BVP, and the approach is often misinterpreted as only a procurement model. However, BVP provides an important mind-set for all parties involved, also during the execution phase. This paper study how BVP is practiced in two public kindergarten projects, what consequences that followed in the execution phase, and how BVP should be practiced in future projects. In addition to a literature study, the two projects were studied through a longitudinal study consisting of 8 in-depth semi-structured interviews and a document study. The findings show that how elements of BVP are practiced in the early phases influences both the execution phase and the final product. This study has developed important measures and improvements for how to practice BVP, and is among the first to document experiences from the execution phase. The identified measures can lead to a better execution phase, and thus a better product for the client. }, author_keywords={Best value procurement (BVP), early contractor involvement, value, standardization, execution phase }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Lesjø2019, author={Lesjø, Emilie Sofie and Wondimu, Paulos Abebe and Lædre, Ola }, editor={ }, title={Best Value Procurement From a Contractor Point of View}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={121-132}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1628}, doi={10.24928/2019/0190}, affiliation={M.Sc. Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), +47 943 83 498, emilie.lesjo@gmail.com ; Researcher, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DCEE), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway/Senior Engineer, Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Norway, +47 901 11 814, paulos.wondimu@ntnu.no/paulos.wondimu@vegvesen.no ; Associate Professor, DCEE, NTNU, ola.ladre@ntnu.no }, abstract={Best Value Procurement (BVP) was introduced in Norway in 2016. Since then, more than ten pilot projects have tested the method. So far, limited research has been carried out to explore the contractors’ experiences on BVP to improve the method for future projects. The purpose of this paper is to fill part of this research gap by exploring a contractor’s experiences from several projects using the method. By looking at five road projects that have tested out the BVP method, a trend can be seen in how the evaluation of the offers was conducted. Data was collected from five pilot road projects through three in-depth interviews with key persons and a document study. The results show how the evaluation of the price aspect has changed over time. In three of the five projects, a formula was used that urged the contractors to set prices low in order to score additional points. This formula gained criticism from both the contractors and the BVP experts hired to help the contractors. BVP has contributed, to a certain extent, to Lean implementation. However, the practice should be improved to increase value and transparency and minimize conflict and waste. }, author_keywords={Best value procurement, BVP, lean construction, value, early contractor involvement, ECI }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Sarhan2019, author={Sarhan, Saad and Pasquire, Christine and Mossman, Alan and Hayes, Alan }, editor={ }, title={The Prevailing Procurement System as a Source of Waste in Construction: A Case Study}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={133-144}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1629}, doi={10.24928/2019/0270}, affiliation={Lecturer / Programme Leader in Construction Management, Lincoln School of Architecture and the Built Environment, University of Lincoln, LN6 7TS, Tel: +44 (0)1522 83 5395, ssarhan@lincoln.ac.uk ; Professor of Lean Project Management, School of Architecture Design and the Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, NG1 4BU, Tel: +44 (0)115 848 2095, christine.pasquire@ntu.ac.uk ; Director, The Change Business Ltd, 19 Piccadilly, Stroud, GL5 1HB, UK; +44 7968 485 627, alanmossman@mac.com ; Director, Really Good Ideas Ltd, The Old Counting House, 82E High Street, Wallingford OX10 0BS, United Kingdom, alan@reallygoodideas.biz }, abstract={Prevailing project procurement processes and strategies are thought to be the root cause for many of the reported criticisms of the construction industry, such as lack of trust and collaboration and short term adversarial and transactional relationships. However, very few studies have sought to examine the relationship between the organisational, commercial and institutional environments influencing construction procurement and the generation of process waste in construction projects. This study addresses this gap in knowledge by providing findings from a case study of a major UK infrastructure project. The study identifies a number of prevailing, yet counterproductive, procurement and contractual governance practices that lead to a ‘network of causal wastes’. The study provides a conceptual model which exposes the complex, dynamic, interconnectedness and reciprocal nature of waste at the procurement and supply-chain level. The authors believe that this is the first study to expose the nature of waste at this level of analysis. It uses an integrated grounded theory case-study methodology that is demonstrably effective and can be useful for supporting studies seeking to investigate the concept of waste within the construction procurement context. The study concludes by suggesting that future studies focus on pre-procurement processes. }, author_keywords={Procurement; Waste; Institutions; Contractual Governance; Grounded Theory }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Fürstenberg2019, author={Fürstenberg, David and Lædre, Ola }, editor={ }, title={Application of BIM Design Manuals: A Case Study}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={145-156}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1630}, doi={10.24928/2019/0147}, affiliation={PhD candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DCEE), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway/BIM specialist, COWI Norway, +47 482 35 793, david.furstenberg@ntnu.no/ dafu@cowi.com ; Professor, DCEE, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, ola.ladre@ntnu.no }, abstract={A problem often encountered by contractors is that the information provided is not always equal to the information needed in the Building Information Model (BIM). Somewhere between the BIM design manual and the final BIM information is omitted. The purpose of this paper is to identify the source of the information loss. Therefore, the relation between model information requirements in BIM design manuals, tender documents and the final BIM was investigated. The research included a literature study, a document study and a case study. In detail, three discipline models (road, construction and lighting) were investigated from a design-bid-build project in Norway. The results showed that the requirements were mostly complied with (sometimes with a pragmatic approach). However, the requirements represent the client's focus on the design and the in-use phase. Whereas the contractor's focus on the production phase is not given the same attention. From that perspective, the results are twofold; 1) some of the required information is not provided in an exact and reliable form, while 2) resources are spent on providing not required information. This applied research showed that design manuals should reflect new project delivery methods to support lean principles for all parties involved in the project. }, author_keywords={BIM design manual, infrastructure, lean construction, waste, standardization. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Demirkesen2019, author={Demirkesen, Sevilay and Wachter, Nadia and Oprach, Svenja and Haghsheno, Shervin }, editor={ }, title={Identifying Barriers in Lean Implementation in the Construction Industry}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={157-168}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1631}, doi={10.24928/2019/0151}, affiliation={Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Eng., Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey. Phone +90 5340540364, demirkesen@gtu.edu.tr. ; Research Fellow. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, Gotthard-Franz-Str. 3 (Am Fasanengarten), Bldg. 50.31, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Phone +49 (0) 721 608 45476, nadia.wachter@kit.edu. ; Research Fellow. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, Gotthard-Franz-Str. 3 (Am Fasanengarten), Bldg. 50.31, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Phone +49 (0) 721 608 45476, svenja.oprach@kit.edu. ; Professor. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, Gotthard-Franz-Str. 3 (Am Fasanengarten), Bldg. 50.31, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Phone +49 (0)721 608 42646, shervin.haghsheno@kit.edu. }, abstract={With the rising attention on the topic of Lean construction and its benefits, more and more companies aim to implement the Lean philosophy in their culture. Together with changing the companies’ culture multiple challenges occur. Hence, it is of utmost importance to identify factors, which lead to poor management in Lean construction activities. Therefore, this paper intends to identify and categorize barriers leading to poor implementation of the Lean philosophy. In this respect, a set of barrier groups comprising a total of twenty-seven components were identified. A questionnaire was designed and administered to Lean construction professionals in order to rank the importance level of the selected barriers. The paper proposes that lack of ‘top management support’, ‘misperception about Lean practices’, ‘lack of information sharing and integrated change control’ are the top three barriers for Lean implementation. The findings of the study indicate that Lean implementation might be conducted with higher efficiency and productivity by removing the barriers for implementation. This study might guide Lean professionals to align their strategies with Lean practices by knowing and recognizing the main barriers. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, culture, collaboration, continuous improvement, barriers. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Hackler2019, author={Hackler, Cory and Byse, Erika and Alves, Thais da C. L. and Reed, Dean }, editor={ }, title={Building a Lean Culture: Engaging the Value Stream}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={169-178}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1632}, doi={10.24928/2019/0169}, affiliation={DPR Construction, 1450 Veterans Boulevard, Redwood City, CA. CoryHa@dpr.com ; DPR Construction, 222 N. 44th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85034, ErikaB@dpr.com ; Associate Professor, J.R. Filanc Construction Engineering and Management Program, Dept. of Civil, Constr., and Env. Engineering, San Diego State University, USA, talves@sdsu.edu ; DPR Construction, 1450 Veterans Boulevard, Redwood City, CA. DeanR@dpr.com }, abstract={This paper presents an analysis of a Lean Leadership (LL) training program initiated by the company about three years ago. The program’s main goal is to disseminate Lean throughout the company, which has been using Lean principles in its projects for about twenty years. So far, the LL program has reached over four hundred participants. Over the last year, the program included participants from the company’s extended value stream. Participants include project teams and the company’s strategic partners for prefabrication, equipment rental, and VDC/Project Controls support services. As part of the program, authors one and two visited participants to understand how they are applying lean leadership principles. This paper, the third in the series of building a Lean culture, shares success stories on how organizations in the company’s value stream applied LL knowledge to their business including value stream mapping, Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA), go and see, and effective meetings. It also presents how these teams will continue their LL training to further build a Lean culture which the company can learn from its strategic partners while driving home a common purpose. }, author_keywords={Lean leadership, training, Lean journey, change }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Hamzeh2019, author={Hamzeh, F.R. and Albanna, R.M }, editor={ }, title={Developing a Tool to Assess Workers’ Understanding of Lean Concepts in Construction}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={179-190}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1633}, doi={10.24928/2019/0241}, affiliation={Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., University of Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca ; Graduate Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, rma138@mail.aub.edu }, abstract={In order to reap the benefits of Lean Construction, construction companies should integrate, empower and enable all personnel involved in the construction process whether on or off-site. As such, construction workers need to be trained on lean construction concepts and principles. The purpose of this paper is to develop a tool to assess the workers’ understanding of Lean concepts in construction. In this paper, the lean construction concepts are categorized into eight main areas: planning and control, standardization, pull production, wastes, kaizen, site organization, quality and safety. A lean construction worker knowledge profile was formulated based on the aforementioned categories. This profile encompasses all the knowledge, information, and lean background that a construction worker should distinguish, utilize and harness on the construction site. This lean profile formed the basis for a survey tool conducted on different construction sites in Lebanon to test its efficacy in identification areas of weaknesses in understanding lean principles as the lever of construction workers. Out of the eight categories, the workers lacked mainly the required acquaintance in pull production and waste. As a result, training exercises and games are recommended to instil lean construction concepts in the everyday behaviour, practice and job performance of construction workers. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, construction workers, training games }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Muñoz2019, author={Muñoz, Anthony and Laurent, Jean and Dierks, Chris }, editor={ }, title={Team Health: A Measured Approach to Collective Learning}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={191-202}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1634}, doi={10.24928/2019/0245}, affiliation={Healthcare Project Manager, DPR Construction, San Diego, CA 92122, USA, anthonym@dpr.com ; Project Engineer, DPR Construction, Newport Beach, CA 92660, USA, jeanl@dpr.com ; Lean Manager, DPR Construction, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33301, USA, chrisd@dpr.com }, abstract={This paper addresses the problem in failing to identify, measure, and monitor the human component (i.e. participant satisfaction) in the delivery of a lean construction project. Traditional measures of lean construction fail to represent or provide insightful commentary to the lengths they measure. The authors of this paper present the team health assessment as a tool that DPR Construction has used to better identify and provide measurement to otherwise unquantifiable indices of a project’s performance. With this tool, project teams are able to facilitate a disciplined approach to learning, learning from the team and as a team, throughout the entire life cycle of design and construction. This added awareness could then be used to better identify and optimize value from a holistic viewpoint. }, author_keywords={Language action perspective, benefits realization, action learning, moods, collective learning. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Ward2019, author={Ward, Steven A. and Caklais, Simon }, editor={ }, title={Piloting the Deployment of ISO 18404 in the Construction Sector, an Approach to Organisational Transformation}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={203-214}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1635}, doi={10.24928/2019/0174.}, affiliation={Technical Director, Continuous Improvement Services, WSP, Bristol, UK +447917104399, steve.ward@wsp.com ; Managing Director, Gilbert & Goode, St Austell, UK +447766903418 s.caklais@gilbertandgoode.co.uk }, abstract={Despite significant experience with lean, the construction sector still fails to grasp the nettle and cannot keep up with other sector’s rates of improvement. Ad hoc deployment of tools and techniques are common, but business transformations appear extremely rare. The research approach rests upon a focused literature review, examining the concept of Lean Construction transformation in the context of culture change, together with a single case study of the world’s first business to achieve certification to the Lean ISO18404 standard. Key learning points from the case study were derived by structured interviews with construction staff directly involved and by noting similarities of the lean deployment to recommendations made in the literature. It is concluded that ISO 18404 is appropriate for the construction sector and could provide a useful roadmap to those seeking business transformation. Limitations and recommendations for further work and research are offered. }, author_keywords={ISO18404, Lean construction, organisational transformation, standardisation. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Ryan2019, author={Ryan, Maria and Murphy, Christy and Casey, Jason }, editor={ }, title={Case Study in the Application of the Last Planner® System}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={215-226}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1636}, doi={10.24928/2019/0223}, affiliation={Managing Director, Crystal Lean Solutions, Limerick, Ireland + 353 87 622 6899 maria.ryan@Crystalleansolutions.ie ; Director, Crystal Lean Solutions, Limerick, Ireland + 353 87 771 4246 christy.murphy@crystalleansolutions.ie ; Associate Director, Ardmac Ltd, Swords, Dublin, Ireland +353 86 855 3342 jason.casey@ardmac.com }, abstract={The purpose of this paper is to identify the perceived benefits and challenges in the application of the Last Planner® System (LPS) in an Irish context. A case study research method was applied to one Irish case study organization. Qualitative and quantitative data was analyzed from primary and secondary data. Limitations of the study include utilisation of a single case study and the part time role of the researchers. Five key perceived benefits of LPS were identified including; Improved planning accuracy, Real time control, Proactive control, Engagement, and Design quality for construction. One key challenge identified, was a lack of time required for implementation. Insufficient training and resistance to change were not found to be issues compared to the literature review. Two different challenges were identified including lack of customization to suit different client sectors and lack of a standardized approach to deployment across projects. Further research is recommended to (a) understand these additional challenges (b) follow up of this study in the future of the case organization and (c) include additional Irish case studies. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, last planner® system, lean, construction }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Gomez2019, author={Gomez, Sulyn and Huynh, Raymond and Arroyo, Paz and Ballard, Glenn and Tommelein, Iris and Tillmann, Patricia }, editor={ }, title={Changing Behaviors Upstream to Achieve Expected Outcomes}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={13-24}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1637}, doi={10.24928/2019/0216.}, affiliation={PhD Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, +1 765 775-6583, sulyn@berkeley.edu ; Senior Project Engineer, Quality Champion, DPR Construction, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA, +1 415 528-1045, rhuynh28@gmail.com ; Quality Leader, Quality Corporate Team, DPR Construction, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA, +1 510 520-6238, paza@dpr.com ; Research Director, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Project Production Systems Lab., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, +1 415 710-5531, gballard@berkeley.edu ; Professor, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Director of the Project Production Systems Lab., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, +1 510 643-8678, tommelein@berkeley.edu ; Senior Lean Manager, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA, +1 415 279-9102, patricia.andretillmann@ucsf.edu }, abstract={A behavior-based approach to quality has been proposed to highlight the impact that upstream behaviors have on the overall outcomes of construction projects. The focus of this pioneering approach is first to understand that certain behaviors lead to conversations in which expectations are clearly identified and understood by the different project participants, and then to set measurable acceptance criteria so that the final result can be compared with what was agreed. Previous research has described the approach and provided positive results in satisfying client’s expectations, but the process to achieve such outcomes has not been captured. This paper captures the implementation of this behavior-based quality (BBQ) approach to quality management, that has as its main goal to have no surprises, zero rework, and to improve delivery of value to all the project participants engaged at any point of a construction project. Construction projects are to be planned first for quality to fully understand expectations of what the team should build, then for safety to identify any potential risks associated with the processes to build the agreed work and define how tasks will be built in a safe manner, and then for production to secure flow and an adequate use of resources. }, author_keywords={Quality, behavior-based quality (BBQ), behavior, distinguishing features of work (DFOW), measurable acceptance criteria (MAC). }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{McHugh2019, author={McHugh, Kevin and Dave, Bhargav and Craig, Ray }, editor={ }, title={Integrated Lean and Bim Processes for Modularised Construction – A Case Study}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={228-238}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1638}, doi={10.24928/2019/0252}, affiliation={Associate Director, Mace Technology (Ireland) , Kevin.McHugh@macegroup.com ; CEO, VisiLean Ltd, Finland, bhargav@visilean.com ; Construction Director, Mace Technology (Ireland) Ray.Craig@macegroup.com }, abstract={Integrated lean and BIM practices have a proven track record of improving the efficiency of the construction project lifecycle as demonstrated by several case studies and research projects. Lean and BIM synergies range from design coordination to pre-construction, production management and eventually handover and operations. Similarly, offsite manufacturing and modularisation also has a proven track record of improving the effiencies of the production phase and there are significant synergies between lean and offsite. Although lean construction is increasingly being applied on construction projects, applications that support its implementation on construction site remain limited. Production is significantly managed through manual processes and disparate systems. Previous case studies have proven that the use of BIM with lean practices during the construction phase improves the efficiency of planning. One of the major aspects of lean and BIM implementations is the support of the Last Planner System and tracking of production status to ensure production runs smoothly. While 4D planning has been used to support pre-construction planning and first run studies, it has had limited success with tracking real-time production status and supporting the Last Planner System. This paper provides an insight into an integrated lean and BIM implementation project supporting a highly modular and offsite production process on a data centre project. The case study highlights how lean and BIM can help the team to visualise the production plans, control the production in the field, report accurate production status and support the continuous improvement process. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, BIM, offsite manufacturing, digitisation, lean and BIM }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Hamerski2019, author={Hamerski, Douglas C. and Formoso, Carlos T. and Isatto, Eduardo L. and Cevallos, Cristian A. }, editor={ }, title={Combining Lean and Agile Project Management in a Multi-Project Environment: Case Study in a Retail Company}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={239-250}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1639}, doi={10.24928/2019/0217}, affiliation={M. Sc. Student, School of Engineering, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, douglas_hamerski@hotmail.com ; Professor, School of Engineering, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, formoso@ufrgs.br ; Associate Professor, School of Engineering, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, isatto@ufrgs.br ; M. Sc. Student, School of Engineering, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, cristiancevallosj@hotmail.com }, abstract={Both the Last Planner System (LPS) and Scrum have been suggested as suitable planning and control methods for dealing with complex project environments. However, most previous studies have investigated the use of those methods for planning and control in single projects, in general managed separately from other projects. This paper reports the results of an investigation which aims to propose a planning and control model for managing construction projects in a multi-project environment. Using Design Science Research (DSR) as a methodological approach, an empirical study has been carried out in a fashion retailer company from Brazil. The model has been built by using a research strategy similar to Action Research. These are the main findings so far: (a) the nature of the project management activities demand a different planning and control approach, compared to what is normally found in relation to planning and control design or construction; and (b) there are challenges on the systematic use of performance measures to support learning and decision-making. These initial conclusions will serve as a basis for incorporating improvements in the model. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, agile project management, planning and control, project management, construction projects. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Simonsen2019, author={Simonsen, Sarah Hermine Fossum and Skoglund, Maren Holte and Engebø, Atle and Varegg, Bjørn Edmund and Lædre, Ola }, editor={ }, title={Effects of IPD in Norway – A Case Study of the Tønsberg Project}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={251-262}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1640}, doi={10.24928/2019/0157}, affiliation={M.Sc. student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 90807120, shsimons@stud.ntnu.no ; M.Sc. student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, +47 98899555, marenhs@stud.ntnu.no ; PhD Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, atle.engebo@ntnu.no ; Deputy Director and Lead Contract and Procurement, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway, +47 90911917, bjorn.varegg@tonsbergprosjektet.no ; Professor, dr.ing, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, +47 73594739, ola.ladre@ntnu.no }, abstract={The study aims to identify the effects of implemented elements of Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) on the production phase, and the effect on team, individual and task needs. The paper advances research on IPD in practice and facilitates better transition to IPD to resolve challenges in the construction industry. The research includes a single case study of the Tønsberg Project in Norway, combined with a literature review. The case study consists of a document study and semi-structured interviews with key informants from the contractor. The research established that too many elements were attempted implemented at once, causing a tendency to fall back on traditional ways of doing things when the process lagged. Even so, the interviewees saw great potential in IPD, with more education and training. Furthermore, the experienced effects in the Tønsberg Project fulfilled team needs to a greater extent than individual and task needs. This reflects the IPD idea of the owner, contractor and designer working together as a unit and shows the value of leaders using IPD. The research is limited by a single case study and the contractor’s perspective. Further work might study different projects or increase the differentiation in roles and data collection. }, author_keywords={Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), collaboration, team model, commitment, effects }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Berg2019, author={Berg, Peter and Reed, Dean }, editor={ }, title={Capability-Building Competition in Construction: Case Study Reinterpretation}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={265-274}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1641}, doi={10.24928/2019/0219}, affiliation={Project Executive, DPR Construction, 222 N. 44th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85034, USA, peterb@dpr.com ; Lean/Integration Advocate, DPR Construction, 1450 Veterans Boulevard, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA, deanr@dpr.com }, abstract={This industry paper is applied research with the purpose of answering whether Takahiro Fujimoto’s theory of capability-building competition in the automobile industry can be applied to the construction industry. This study begins with an empirical account of the work a series of project teams did to prefabricate and install exterior wall (X-wall) panels on six different buildings. The authors then explain relevant aspects of Fujimoto theory. Finally, the authors create a framework for evaluating the work in light of this theory and do so. The authors find that Fujimoto’s theory is relevant to construction. This paper is limited because the construction data set is relatively small and the evaluation of the competitiveness of routines and learning is based on the assessment of the first author, who initiated and directly managed the work on two projects and was engaged in its development on later projects. The paper is relevant for industry professionals because Lean management and process capability is required to make value flow to customers. Lean Construction theory can advance by understanding the elements of capability-building in the auto industry and how they can be applied to design and construction. }, author_keywords={Theory, transformation, flexible manufacturing, evolutionary, emergence }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Christensen2019, author={Christensen, Randi and Greenhalgh, Stephen and Thomassen, Anja }, editor={ }, title={When a Business Case Is Not Enough, Motivation to Work With Lean}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={275-286}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1642}, doi={10.24928/2019/0146}, affiliation={PhD, MSc, Lean Manager, COWI working on behalf of Highways England at Lower Thames Crossing, London, Co-Founder of CollabDecisions, +44 7702 856113, rmch@cowi.com ; BSc, Civil Engineering, Lean Manager for East Region & Complex Infrastructure Programme for Highways England stephen.greenhalgh@highwaysengland.co.uk ; PhD, Cand.merch Anja O. Thomassen, Associate Professor, Department of Learning and Philosophy, Aalborg University, aot@learning.aau.dk }, abstract={Lean practitioners have always been very passionate about sharing their experiences and knowledge so others also can benefit from better processes and reduced waste. When lean practitioners get together to discuss and spread knowledge, the ‘implementation of lean’ is often at the core of the conversation. How do we get others to understand the nature of lean and how do we get them to implement it? Despite clearly documented, positive outcomes and strong business cases, we still encounter resistance and it can be challenging to even get our own colleagues to be engaged with lean. This paper explores what motivates individuals with different project roles to work with lean, when some research shows that knowledge and will is not enough to change. It considers why incentive measures and a focus on time and cost savings could have a negative impact on the motivation to change for some groups. This discussion is supported with survey data and experiences from a major infrastructure project and within the organisation of the client, Highways England. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, implementation, motivation, sense making, change }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Ezzeddine2019, author={Ezzeddine, Ali and Shehab, Lynn and Hamzeh, Farook and Lucko, Gunnar }, editor={ }, title={Singularity Functions to Enhance Monitoring in the Last Planner System}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={287-298}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1643}, doi={10.24928/2019/0134}, affiliation={Masters Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, ame109@mail.aub.edu ; Masters Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, aas113@mail.aub.edu ; Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., University of Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca ; Professor of Civil Engineering and Director, Construction Engineering and Management Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, lucko@cua.edu }, abstract={Many traditionally managed construction projects suffer from schedule delays. However, in Lean Construction, the Last Planner System TM (LPS) stipulates planning tasks first at the macro (Master Schedule and Phase Schedule) and then at the micro levels (Look-ahead Planning and Weekly Work Plan, WWP) when the week of execution approaches. This paper aims to enhance the control aspect of LPS before the end of the execution in order to finish on schedule. Its objective is to improve the WWP by monitoring project progress on a daily basis to have enough time for corrective measures, catch up to the planned schedule, and minimize wastes in time and resources. The approach allows project participants to compare planned to actual progress, calculate required improvement if needed, and be alerted if cascading delays may occur. It calculates the Process Reliability Index (PRI) to check whether extra allocation of labor is needed to finish the required work, checks for congestion in work areas, and predicts the possible Percent Plan Complete (PPC) before the end of the execution week. Moreover, this paper proposes a new metric that shows the reliability of the team in applying the recommended improvements. This metric allows more realistic improvement plans compared to prior attempts. The monitoring approach can be applied to linear, repetitive, and location-based projects. Singularity functions are used as the core model because they are suitable for such schedules. They can be implemented in various computer applications. An example is used to evaluate the approach and finds it to be reliable. }, author_keywords={Singularity functions; Last Planner TM System (LPS); Lean Construction; Percent Plan Complete (PPC); Process Reliability Index (PRI); Weekly Work Plan (WWP). }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Tetik2019, author={Tetik, Müge and Peltokorpi, Antti and Seppänen, Olli and Viitanen, Ari and Lehtovaara, Joonas }, editor={ }, title={Combining Takt Production With Industrialized Logistics in Construction}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={299-310}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1644}, doi={10.24928/2019/0156}, affiliation={Doctoral Candidate, Dept. of Civil Enginering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, muge.tetik@aalto.fi ; Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Enginering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, antti.peltokorpi@aalto.fi ; Professor of Practice, Dept. of Civil Enginering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi ; Chairman of the Board, Carinafour, Turku, Finland, ari.viitanen@c4.fi ; Doctoral Candidate, Dept. of Civil Enginering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, joonas.lehtovaara@aalto.fi }, abstract={Construction industry has recently widely adopted takt production which stabilizes the production rhytm and improves flow of site operations. Based on the factory physics, it is known that when production flow is increased, external variation which can disturb the production should be eliminated simultaneously. Inappropriate material deliveries cause remarkable external variation and waste in construction operations. However, the reported studies of the takt production does not discuss in depth of the role of logistics and external variation. The purpose of this research is to investigate how takt production benefits from proper logistics solution. In practice, we explore the role of logistics in two project industries, ship yard and construction, in which takt production is implemented. The findings reveal that utilizing specific assembly and logistics unit together with JIT delivery of material kits and integrated design and production information reduces the material waste and procurement costs as well as increase the production rate in both industries but with different extent. The value of this research for practice and academia is that takt results improve when implemented with specific logistic solutions. }, author_keywords={Takt production, logistics, lean construction, industrialized logistics }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Garcia-Lopez2019, author={Garcia-Lopez, Nelly P. and Fischer, Martin and Alarcón, Luis F. }, editor={ }, title={Work Structuring for Flow}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={311-322}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1645}, doi={10.24928/2019/0140}, affiliation={Project Director, Grupo Galopa, Bogotá, Colombia, +57 305 297 7320, ngarcia@grupogalopa.com ; Kumagai Professor of Engineering and Director of the Center for Integrated Facility Engineering, Stanford University ; Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, +56 2 2354 7165, lalarcon@ing.puc.cl }, abstract={Achieving smooth production flow has been one of the main objectives underlying lean manufacturing and construction. To achieve production flow, field managers rely on work structuring methods to enable them to structure activities and flows. Current work structuring methods enable field managers to structure activities, but they do not explicitly represent all seven construction flows or their movement through the project. Hence, field managers rely on their intuition and tacit understanding of flow sequencing, which can cause communication problems between stakeholders resulting in delays and productivity loss. This paper presents a work structuring method that allows field managers to explicitly represent construction activities, flows, and flow movement through the project. The work structuring method was tested prospectively at three construction sites with different scopes and planning methods. The work structuring method allows field managers to generate activity and flow-based schedules to plan and control the project. Furthermore, it improves stakeholder understanding of the plan by visually representing activities’ and flows’ interdependencies. }, author_keywords={Work flow, work structuring, flow integration, production management, lean construction }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Häringer2019, author={Häringer, Paul and Borrmann, André }, editor={ }, title={Improving Flow in Concrete Constructions by Avoiding Spatial Conflicts Between Pour Cycles}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={323-334}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1646}, doi={10.24928/2019/0189}, affiliation={Research Associate, Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation, TUM Department for Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany, paul.haeringer@tum.de ; Professor, Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation, TUM Department for Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany, andre.borrmann@tum.de }, abstract={Supervisors and formwork engineers divide construction sections into multiple pour cycles in order to achieve a good production flow in concrete constructions. A pour cycle consists of one or more disconnected casting segments. Casting segments in the successor pour cycle often fill the gaps between the disconnected casting segments in the predecessor pour cycle. We call such a meeting of two neighbour casting segments “topological dependency” because it effects spatial conflicts between pour cycles and different trades cannot work on the next casting segment until the previous ones are completely finished. Because of the long curing times, trade crews have to wait or move to other locations. In this research, we introduce a new structure of a cycle planning option, which can avoid such spatial conflicts. We evaluated our cycle planning option by using a stochastic discrete event simulation model and compared it with three practical cycle planning options from one supervisor and two formwork engineers. The criteria for the evaluation were the total construction time as well as the stable production rate and balanced work. In addition, we discuss the potential benefit by using a mix of concrete precast elements and casting segments to achieve an even better production flow. }, author_keywords={Work flow, flow integration, simulation, building information modelling (BIM) }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Abdelmegid2019, author={Abdelmegid, Mohammed A. and González, Vicente A. and O’Sullivan, Michael and Walker, Cameron G. and Poshdar, Mani and Alarcón, Luis Fernando }, editor={ }, title={Establishing a Link Between the Last Planner System and Simulation: A Conceptual Framework}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={335-246}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1647}, doi={10.24928/2019/0200}, affiliation={Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand (Corresponding author), +64 9 373 7999, E-mail: mabd556@aucklanduni.ac.nz ; Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, +64 9 923 4106, E-mail: v.gonzalez@auckland.ac.nz ; Senior Lecturer, Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, +64 9 923 7907, E-mail: michael.osullivan@auckland.ac.nz ; Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, +64 9 923 7009, E-mail: cameron.walker@auckland.ac.nz ; Lecturer, Department of Built Environment Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, +64 921 9999, E-mail: mani.poshdar@aut.ac.nz ; Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. E-mail: lalarcon@ing.puc.cl }, abstract={The Last Planner System (LPS) is considered one of the most established lean-based construction planning methods due to its ability to stabilise construction production and to increase plan reliability. Several technologies have been proposed to support the implementation of the LPS such as simulation modelling, BIM, and spreadsheets. Simulation modelling is proven to support construction project management by providing a virtual means to test decisions before real implementation. This study aims at establishing a link between the LPS and simulation modelling to support the implementation of the LPS in the construction industry. The scope of this study is focused on the Conceptual Modelling (CM) phase of simulation studies. CM encompasses the planning process of how a simulation model should be developed and how it relates back to the real system. The intended link is established by matching the elements of the LPS with simulation CM to develop an integrated LPS/CM framework. A case study of a stadium expansion project, in which the LPS was fully implemented, is presented to illustrate the applicability of the integrated framework. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, last planner system, collaboration, simulation, conceptual modelling, first-run studies. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Lehtovaara2019, author={Lehtovaara, Joonas and Seppänen, Olli and Peltokorpi, Antti }, editor={ }, title={Improving the Learning of Design Management Operations by Exploiting Production’s Feedback: Design Science Approach}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={25-36}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1648}, doi={10.24928/2019/0143}, affiliation={Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, joonas.lehtovaara@aalto.fi ; Professor of Practice, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, Olli.seppanen@aalto.fi ; Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, antti.peltokorpi@aalto.fi }, abstract={This study examines the development and implementation of a learning process in a contractor’s design management unit. The purpose is to gain knowledge on how learning can be turned into a standardized process and of methods of accelerating the learning in a design management unit by exploiting the feedback received from the production. The research took a design science approach, which consisted of a diagnosis of the present situation, testing & development of the formulated process, and analysis & generalization of the results. The diagnosis comprised a literature review, interviews, and active observation, while the testing phase included an intervention where the process was tested and further developed. The results indicate that while the relevancy of continuous learning is well recognized, construction organizations are incapable of effectively exploiting the best practices of knowledge management. To overcome weaknesses related to the inefficient learning practices, organizations should focus on balancing the operational and strategical viewpoints of learning, emphasize learning from failures and implement project-based communities of practice into an organization’s operations. The study has implications for more standardized and balanced learning processes in contactor operations. It also provides knowledge of ways of taking a design science approach effectively in construction management research. KEYWORDS }, author_keywords={Design management, organizational learning, knowledge management, design science }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Oprach2019, author={Oprach, Svenja and Steuer, Dominik and Krichbaum, Viktoria and Haghsheno, Shervin }, editor={ }, title={Smart Data - Dealing With Task Complexity in Construction Scheduling}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={347-358}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1649}, doi={10.24928/2019/0155}, affiliation={Research fellow, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49-721-608-43650, svenja.oprach@kit.edu ; Research fellow, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49-721-608-44122, dominik.steuer@kit.edu ; M. Sc. Student, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49-721-608-43650, svenja.oprach@kit.edu ; Professor, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49-721-608-42646, shervin.haghsheno@kit.edu }, abstract={Due to the numerous influencing factors, construction scheduling is a complex task. As construction projects are having a unique character, scheduling takes time and often uses high time buffers to cover uncertainties. Using historic project data with artificial intelligence applications show potentials to support valid and simple scheduling in the future. The construction industry already deals with large volumes of heterogeneous data and the amount of data is expected to increase exponentially with the Internet of Things (IoT). Smart data filters and analyses big data for useful information and creates a subset of information that is important and valuable. Therefore smart data sets a data management structure according to the lean principles. Due to fragmented data management practices and a misunderstanding of the needed information in construction, data management practices in construction projects are far behind other industries. By adapting existing applications of artificial intelligence to construction scheduling, the gap of data management practices gets more visible. This paper identifies in three case studies relevant data (smart data) in and current challenges for construction scheduling based on historic data. Further research is needed to close the existing gap in construction data management. }, author_keywords={Knowledge management, Smart Data, construction planning, digitalization, data analytics }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Richert2019, author={Richert, Tom and McGuffey, Joanna }, editor={ }, title={Enthusiasm for Lean}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={359-368}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1650}, doi={10.24928/2019/0160}, affiliation={Principal, Lean Project Consulting, Inc., Westford, MA 01886-3031, USA, +1 978 808-4668, trichert@leanproject.com ; Founder, Unconventional Works LLC, Dayton, OH 45458-4510, USA, +1 703 586 7901, joanna@unconventional.works }, abstract={Despite implementing the continuous improvement and respect for people principles as understood from the current research, many lean transformations fail. This paper provides an argument that there is a missing yet important set of elements supporting these principles that needs to be understood. For many lean leaders and coaches a primary concern is obtaining the full engagement of everyone on a project team in lean practices. This paper recommends a new area for research and experimentation, tapping the holistic aspects of lean, not only as they apply to the enterprise or project, but also as they apply to the individual. It examines new ideas about how enthusiasm for lean can be methodically generated in the building design and construction industry. Borrowing from her work in business culture change, one of the authors (McGuffey) has developed a ‘legacy transformation model’ that identifies the elements at work in the early years of the Toyota Motor Corporation. The model was tested against prior research to determine if testing the model on building projects in a comprehensive manner is warranted; the results of which are reported herein. Further research requiring the commitment of project teams to pilot a lean transformation process based on the legacy transformation model is proposed. }, author_keywords={Transformation, commitment, language, purpose, connection, core identity, enthusiasm. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Hunn2019, author={Hunn, Lars Kristian and Fyhn, Håkon }, editor={ }, title={Building and Sustaining a Culture With a Mindset for Disruptive Performance: A Case-Study From Bispevika Norway}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={369-378}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1651}, doi={10.24928/2019/0172}, affiliation={Chief Transformation Officer, Team Bispevika AFGroup, Lars Kristian Hunn, +4790104774, lars.kristian.hunn@afgruppen.no ; Senior researcher, NTNU Social Research, 7491 Trondheim, +47 81743561, hakon.fyhn@ntnu.no }, abstract={In this case study from the building industry we present a framework for, and experiences with building and sustaining an organizational culture to create teams with a collaborative mindset for disruptive performance driven by extraordinary ambitions. It demonstrates that it is possible to develop a culture and mindset for success by actively combining concepts from social anthropology and team- and performance leadership. This is achieved by developing a cultural mythology; creating rituals for learning, developing, sharing and coordinating mindset; connecting collective and personal goals using personal goal plans; managing mindset using mindset map and digital organization charts. The study also shows that developing organizational culture cannot only be approached as a method with structured set of rules to follow. It also needs to be acknowledged as form of craft provided by a combination of experienced leadership highly skilled in enterprise- and team development where the motivation to change is fueled by extraordinary ambitions of disruption. Last, the leaders must commit and reinvest in sustaining the culture both in economic and emotional terms. Here transparency is required, and this must be done regularly to maintain a high level of trust among all the members of the organization, so all the people can be active in developing and impacting their own culture – there is no room for bystanders. }, author_keywords={Mindset, organizational culture, disruptive performance }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Poshdar2019, author={Poshdar, Mani and Gonzalez, Vicente A. and Antunes, Ricardo and Ghodrati, Nariman and Katebi, Milad and Valasiuk, Stanislau and Alqudah, Hamzah and Talebi, Saeed }, editor={ }, title={Diffusion of Lean Construction in Small to Medium-Sized Enterprises of Housing Sector }, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={383-392}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1652}, doi={10.24928/2019/0257}, affiliation={Lecturer, Built Envir. Engrg. Dept., Auckland Univ. of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, mani.poshdar@aut.ac.nz ; Senior Lecturer, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Univ. of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, v.gonzalez@auckland.ac.nz ; Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Univ. of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, rsan640@aucklanduni.ac.nz ; Lecturer, Built Envir. Engrg. Dept., Auckland Univ. of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, nariman.ghodrati@aut.ac.nz ; PhD student, Built Envir. Engrg. Dept., Auckland Univ. of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, milad.katebi@aut.ac.nz ; Built Envir. Engrg. Dept., Auckland Univ. of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, sttasv@gmail.com ; PhD candidate, Built Envir. Engrg. Dept., Auckland Univ. of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, hamzah.alqudah@aut.ac.nz ; Lecturer, School of Art, Design and Architecture, Univ. of Huddersfield, UK, S.Talebi@hud.ac.uk }, abstract={The construction sector is known for its deficient productivity level compared to other sectors such as manufacturing. Lean approach, however, presents a promising option given its proven ability to improve the performance in other sectors. This study investigates the diffusion level of lean construction among the small to medium size enterprises (SMEs) by conducting a telephone survey in the Auckland region of New Zealand. The survey involved 100 enterprises active in the housing sector. The results indicated the rate of diffusion at three stages of a simplified innovation diffusion model including the knowledge exposure, decision analysis and implementation. The results are attributed to three main elements including the characteristics of SMEs as social units, the time required to attract adopters, and the level and type of communication must be used to reach the potential adopters. The study identified five main questions on the enablers and barriers of diffusion of lean construction to be addressed in future research. }, author_keywords={Benefits realization, action learning/research, trust, diffusion, SMEs in housing }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Skaar2019, author={Skaar, John }, editor={ }, title={The Power of Lean Principles}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={393-404}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1653}, doi={10.24928/2019/0201}, affiliation={Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Univ. of Agder, Norway, + 47 919 09 313, john.skaar@uia.no }, abstract={This article supports previous publications on the importance of lean principles as guidelines (Liker, 2004) or as challengers when developing systems and frameworks (Ballard, Hammond, & Nickerson, 2009) and even methods and tools (Santos, 1999). It seems that the principles have taken the position of being a significant part of lean thinking, meaning a knowledge that lean personnel should acquire. This article wants to support and emphasise the importance of lean principles as rules of living but believes in taking the power of the lean principles one step further. If a lean organisation, project or leader explicitly confronts each other with the principles, this empowers the individuals being challenged and may create an outcome that closely links the employee's know-how to the process. Using lean principles as the main message to be understood, they may pull in tools, methods, frameworks or systems to answer these principles. This paper reports from research that explores the effect of pushing lean principles as the direct challenger on employees. Skilled workers at construction sites are the receiver of both general principles but mainly rephrased into more operational language. }, author_keywords={Principles, philosophy, continuous improvement, action research, waste. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Arroyo2019, author={Arroyo, Paz and Christensen, Randi and Schöttle, Annett and Long, David }, editor={ }, title={Lessons Learned on Teaching Choosing by Advantages}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={405-416}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1654}, doi={10.24928/2019/0249}, affiliation={DPR Quality Leader, San Francisco, CA, PazA@dpr.com, and Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, www.collabdecisions.com ; Lean Manager, Lower Thames Crossing, COWI, UK, RMCH@cowi.com and Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, www.collabdecisions.com ; Senior Consultant, Refine Projects AG, Stuttgart, Germany, annett.schoettle@refineprojects.com and Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, www.collabdecisions.com. ; Regional Lean Manager, Turner Construction Company, Oakland, CA., dalong@tcco.com. }, abstract={Decision-makers on construction projects are faced with complex, multidimensional challenges that require grounded, thoughtful decisions be made to further the project. This paper discusses a breadth of strategies for training construction teams to implement the Choosing By Advantages (CBA) decision-making method. These strategies are analyzed based on coaches’ experiences and observations in terms of short and long-term learning outcomes. The unique circumstances of every construction project require that lean coaches draw from a variety of teaching techniques to tailor the learning process to the specific needs of trainees. For example, while some trainees can quickly learn the basics of CBA theory, they often struggle to implement CBA in a practical context if not provided with proper support. Coaching proves efficacious in enabling construction teams to both make and carry-out decisions, however, a long period of training (12-16 weeks) is often necessary for thorough implementation and expertise in CBA. }, author_keywords={Learning, teaching, choosing by advantages, decision-making }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Lehtovaara2019, author={Lehtovaara, Joonas and Mustonen, Iina and Peuronen, Petteri and Seppänen, Olli and Peltokorpi, Antti }, editor={ }, title={Implementing Takt Planning and Takt Control Into Residential Construction}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={417-428}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1655}, doi={10.24928/2019/0118}, affiliation={Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, joonas.lehtovaara@aalto.fi ; Site Engineer, Fira Oy, Finland, iina.mustonen@fira.fi ; Production Engineer, Fira Oy, Finland, petteri.peuronen@fira.fi ; Professor of Practice, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, Olli.seppanen@aalto.fi ; Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, antti.peltokorpi@aalto.fi }, abstract={This study addresses the suitability of takt planning and takt control (TPTC) for the interior phase in residential construction projects. The purpose is to gain understanding on how to best implement TPTC in residential construction. The study was conducted as a qualitative case study, by investigating TPTC implementation for the interior phase in a residential construction project in Finland. The initial motivation for takt implementation was to achieve better flow efficiency and radically shortened production duration. The analysis was based on 14 interviews, site observation, data from digital control tools and workshops, and aimed to identify lessons learned as well as required future development actions in TPTC implementation. The findings indicate that TPTC is well suitable for the interior phase and even in the first pilot project it substantially reduced the project duration. However, certain barriers, as well as enablers, were identified in both planning and control phases, which can be adopted as a basis for continuous development. For example, more detailed planning of wagons and tighter collaboration between all the project participants should be considered. The study represents the category of applied research and has implications for achieving the full potential of takt planning and control in the future. }, author_keywords={Takt planning, takt control, lean construction, residential construction }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Dlouhy2019, author={Dlouhy, Janosch and Binninger, Marco and Haghsheno, Shervin }, editor={ }, title={Buffer Management in Takt Planning – An Overview of Buffers in Takt Systems}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={429-440}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1656}, doi={10.24928/2019/0226}, affiliation={Lean Expert, BMW AG Munich, Germany, +49-721-695-245, janosch.dlouhy@kit.edu ; Research Fellow, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49-721-608-44124, marco.binninger@kit.edu ; Professor, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49-721-608-42646, shervin.haghsheno@kit.edu }, abstract={Takt Planning and Takt Control (TPTC) as a method for construction has the potential to reduce construction time in relation to normal scheduling without the increase of manpower. This leads to the question: what changes with the use of Takt planning? One theory is that Takt planning is using buffers more effectively than other schedule and planning methods. This paper provides an overview of the various buffers in Takt planning and describes how they can be used. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, buffer management, buffer, takt, takt planning. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Schöttle2019, author={Schöttle, Annett and Nesensohn, Claus }, editor={ }, title={The Beauty of a Phase-Overlapping Last Planner System® With Incorporated Takt}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={441-450}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1657}, doi={10.24928/2019/0247}, affiliation={Senior Consultant, Refine Projects AG, Schelmenwasenstraße 34, 70567 Stuttgart, Germany, +4915156561529, annett.schoettle@refineprojects.com, and Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, www.collabdecisions.com. ; CEO, Refine Projects AG, Schelmenwasenstraße 34, 70567 Stuttgart, Germany, +491799789624, claus.nesensohn@refineprojects.com, Professor, Lean Construction and Project Management, University of Applied Science Stuttgart. }, abstract={The purpose of methods and tools is to serve the project team and add value within the project delivery. Therefore, the implemented production system should support the interaction of the project team, enabling team members to develop a common understanding, and to reach the required quality and production performance when carrying out their daily activities. This research concludes that the Last Planner System (LPS) aligns to the Toyota Production System (TPS) and its recognized management theory, which is a vehicle to integrate the minds + hands philosophy within projects from early design phase till handover. Our findings show that adopting the LPS as a production system helps to align and integrate the project participants. Takt is a work structuring tool that can be integrated into the LPS, if the product allows (repeatable areas). Thus, we recommend that the production system be designed based on the team’s needs and the product requests. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, last planner system, minds + hands, takt, toyota production system }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Alhava2019, author={Alhava, Otto and Rinne, Vili and Laine, Enni and Koskela, Lauri }, editor={ }, title={Can a Takt Plan Ever Survive Beyond the First Contact With the Trades On-Site?}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={453-464}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1658}, doi={10.24928/2019/0261}, affiliation={CTO, Fira Group Oy, Vantaa, Finland, +358 400 792493, otto.alhava@fira.fi ; Production Engineer, Fira Oy, Vantaa, Finland, +358 44 3023471, vili.rinne@fira.fi ; PhD Candidate, Civil Engineering Department, Aalto University, enni.laine@aalto.fi ; Professor, School of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Huddersfield, Queen St, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, HD1 3DU, United Kingdom. L.Koskela@hud.ac.uk }, abstract={This study takes a critical look at Takt planning and takt control (TPTC) by analysing a successful case project. In the study, the digital system architecture and collected data are used for providing a process break-down and analysis in terms of waste and potential root causes. The paper shows how vulnerable the TPTC is for disruptions caused by a lead waste, making-do/task diminishment, and ad-hoc tolerance management. Based on the digital footprint of the project, an explanation is given why good results in terms of money, customer satisfaction, time and quality were achieved even though the takt was practically lost towards the end of the project. The results indicate that the excellent outcome of the project was not based on TPTC and steep learning curve. Instead, the results were achieved by exploiting the real-time situation awareness provided by the digitalised smart site and disciplined use of applications, as well as by a pragmatic approach to planning and leading work on-site. The validity of the results is limited as the conclusions are drawn based on only one TPTC project. }, author_keywords={Takt planning and takt control (TPTC), job sequencing, work in progress, makingdo/task diminishment, tolerance management }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Mota2019, author={Mota, Bruno and Biotto, Clarissa and Choudhury, Athar and Abley, Simon and Kagioglou, Mike }, editor={ }, title={Lean Design Management in a Major Infrastructure Project in UK}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={37-48}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1659}, doi={10.24928/2019/0251}, affiliation={Senior Lean Consultant, Logikal Projects, Birmingham, UK, bmota@logikalprojects.com ; Post-Doc Researcher, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil, clerwice@gmail.com ; Graduate Consultant, Logikal Projects, Birmingham, UK, achoudhury@logikalprojects.com ; Regional Director, Logikal Projects, Birmingham, UK, sabley@logikalprojects.com ; Dean, School of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK, M.Kagioglou@hud.ac.uk }, abstract={Lean Design Management (LDM) is a response from the lean construction community to overcome the chaotic design process in the AEC industry. Many tools, processes and methods were adapted to the context of design with limited success. This paper presents the use and adaptation of different lean design tools and processes in two phases of a major infrastructure project in the UK. The project is the new high-speed railway to be the backbone of the UK transport network, and it is considered Europe’s largest infrastructure project. The lean design implementation occurred in a Joint-Venture (JV) that had been awarded the main works civils contracts. This paper also compares the results of combined use of adapted last planner in phase 1 and adapted design structure matrix in phase 2, and identifies some of the practical challenges and benefits of the implementation of lean design management. The main contribution of this paper is the contextualisation of different project organisational structures and its influence on the success of the LDM tools implementation. Moreover, a common result for both phases is the enhancement of project communication, collaboration, and transparency of information for planning and control of the project activities. }, author_keywords={Lean design management, last planner system, design structure matrix }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Andersen2019, author={Andersen, Lars and Fyhn, Håkon }, editor={ }, title={Organisational and Cultural Preconditions for Extending the Use of Takt-Time Planning}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={467-476}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1660}, doi={10.24928/2019/0271}, affiliation={Lars Andersen. Research professor. NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Trondheim. Norway. +047 92885305. Lars.Andersen@samfunn.ntnu.no ; Senior researcher. NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Trondheim. Norway. +047 91743561. }, abstract={This paper presents findings of a study about how to extend the use of Takt-time planning in construction projects. The study is based on analysis of two construction projects involving non-repetitive work that, after failing to use Takt-time planning, had to return to ordinary methods of production. To uncover causes to the problems, the research method Theory-building process tracing is used. Results show that extended use of Takt-time planning presupposes effective coordination in the projecting process and a proactive and well organised production control in the construction phase. It also presupposes high involvement of the craftsmen and crew-leaders in the Takt-time planning and production. The method of theory-building process tracing is transferred from political science and historical studies to construction projects. The research method offers a unit of hypothesis testing and cumulative practical theory development, which can be of general value for construction research. Although the validation of the present empirical results is thorough, based on interviews and workshops, the researchers own observations of the processes studied could have been more extensive. }, author_keywords={Process tracing, takt-time planning, production control, culture, rationalism }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Devkar2019, author={Devkar, Ganesh and Trivedi, Jyoti and Pandit, Devanshu }, editor={ }, title={Teaching Target Value Design: A Simulation}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={479-490}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1661}, doi={10.24928/2019/0244}, affiliation={Associate Professor, Faculty of Technology, CEPT University, Ahmedabad - 380009, India, +919099010303, ganesh.devkar@cept.ac.in ; Assistant Professor, Faculty of Technology, CEPT University, Ahmedabad - 380009, India, +919925009609, jyoti@cept.ac.in ; Professor, Faculty of Technology, CEPT University, Ahmedabad - 380009, India, +919909956661, devanshu@cept.ac.in }, abstract={Target Value Design (TVD) is a promising lean tool that drives the design process of a construction project with the sole intent of value maximization for the client within targeted cost. The mainstreaming of this tool in design and construction practice requires not only imparting knowledge about this tool but also providing hand on experience to the budding design and construction management students. The aim of this paper is to describe the development and testing of TVD simulation exercise. The research methodology adopted is a combination of qualitative approach – a case study of simulation exercise, and quantitative approach – questionnaire survey amongst simulation participants. The simulation involves a role play exercise for students to understand the collaboration between designers, owner, and contractor in the design process. Along with these three main stakeholders, the simulation involved BIM modeler for providing rapid cost feedback during the preparation of design alternatives. The simulation was tested on students of the master’s programme in Construction Engineering and Management in an Indian university. The research highlights the effectiveness of the simulation in helping students understand the benefits of TVD. Further, the participants of this simulation exercise expressed the value addition of BIM in generating rapid cost feedback during design iterations. Despite the limited scope selected for the simulation and the challenges offered by classroom environments, this simulation improved the practical understanding of IPD and TVD amongst the students. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, target value design (TVD), collaboration, action learning }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Gomez2019, author={Gomez, Christy P. and Rameson, N. }, editor={ }, title={Sustainable Transit-Oriented Development: A ‘Target Value’ Planning & Development Strategy}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={491-502}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1662}, doi={10.24928/2019/0230}, affiliation={Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Construction Management, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Paht, Johor, Malaysia, +60125377247, cpgomez21@gmail.com ; Postgraduate Researcher, Department of Real Estate Management, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Paht, Johor, Malaysia, +60125377247, rameson.n@gmail.com }, abstract={The positive social, economic and environmental impact of transit-oriented development (TOD) in Malaysia is rather limited. This paper proposes a design and development methodology for achieving sustainable TOD in town and country planning, as part of a wider constructive research on sustainable benefits realization management within TODs. Content analysis of interview data with key stakeholders of TOD implementation in Malaysia indicates that there are three major constraints in the planning and development phase of town and country planning affecting TOD. They are: lack of multi-model planning approaches, lack of a planning coordination mobilization structure and disjunction regarding ontological categories of ‘substance’, ‘process’ and ‘value’. A Benefits Realization Management Set-based Systems (BRM-SBS) planning and development methodology aimed at minimizing the said constraints is proposed. This methodology is centered on having an integrated planning practice that is less hierarchical, that also accommodates diverse planning models. Wherein TOD sustainability benefits are enhanced by using Target Value Design (TVD) and Set-based Design (SBD) approaches based on a transformation, flow, value complementary view of planning and development of TODs. This BRM-SBS methodology is to be validated as part of an extended action research project with the Malaysian National Structure Plan organization. }, author_keywords={Transit-oriented development (TOD), target value design, set-based design, town and country planning, benefits realization management. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Musa2019, author={Musa, Muktari and Pasquire, Christine and Hurst, Alan }, editor={ }, title={Using TVD Simulation to Improve Collaboration}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={503-514}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1663}, doi={10.24928/2019/0268}, affiliation={PhD Research Student, School of Architecture, Design and Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom. +447436554017 muktari.musa@my.ntu.ac.uk ; Professor, School of Architecture, Design and Built Environment and Director Centre for lean Projects, Nottingham Trent University, UK. +44(0) 115 848 2095 christine.pasquire@ntu.ac.uk ; Senior Lecturer, School of Architecture, Design and Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom. +44(0) 115 848 2878 alan.hurst@ntu.ac.uk }, abstract={Target Value Design (TVD), a lean approach, has been implemented successfully in the past decade in various countries and its process mandates the collaboration of project participants. However, issues of adapting collaborative practices and the time it takes firsttime users to understand TVD practices have been a challenge in TVD projects. Recently, there has been an increase in the creation, reinvention and use of simulations and serious games to teach TVD and other lean principles to project stakeholders encountering them for the first time. The 50 minute version of the simulation game developed in Texas A & M University was used to illustrate TVD practice and collaboration in this study. The study used 24 industry stakeholders from a reputable real estate developer during the implementation of TVD on a live project in Nigeria. The results reported that the simulation is effective in illustrating the practices of TVD including collaboration and designing to set targets. Finally, this study recommends the inclusion of the TVD simulation game in training and workshops for project team before the commencement of construction projects because it demonstrated to be a simple and practical method of understanding collaboration and TVD practices. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, simulation game, collaboration, target costing, target value delivery. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Solhjou Khah2019, author={Solhjou Khah, Fatemeh and Rybkowski, Zofia K. and Pentecost, A. Ray and Smith, James P. and Muir, Robert }, editor={ }, title={Development and Testing of an Innovative Architectural Programming Simulation as a Precursor to Target Value Design}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={515-526}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1664}, doi={10.24928/2019/0221}, affiliation={Graduate Student, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,77843 USA, +1 979-900-0654, ellie.solhjoukhah@gmail.com ; Associate Professor, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,77843, +1 979-845-4354, zrybkowski@tamu.edu (corresponding author) ; Professor of Practice, Department of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, +1 979-845-7009, rpentecost@tamu.edu ; Assistant Professor, College of Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-8200, +1 801- 422-2023, james_smith@byu.edu ; Principal Faculty, Myers-Lawson School of Construction, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, +1 540-231-9959, rmuirjr@vt.edu }, abstract={More than half of international construction projects are underperforming. Poorly defined scope of work has been ranked as the one of the highest reasons for poor performance over which owners and construction stakeholders have control. An owner’s requirements and expectations are specified during the programming phase of a project and these define a design’s scope of work. One focus of Target Value Design (TVD) is making owner’s value a primary driver of design by improving project definition during programming—thus optimizing the design phase. While the number of published research articles praising TVD has been increasing, there is a dearth of information regarding the application of architectural programming (AP) to Target Value Design exercises, which engage stakeholders in a design decision making process called Choosing by Advantages (CBA). CBA first requires identification of attributes that are of value to an owner. The purpose of this research was to explore the importance of architectural programming in helping to identify key attributes of value to an owner, and to report on a lean game designed and preliminarily validated by the authors to investigate the accuracy and perception of attribute identification through AP as represented by the game. }, author_keywords={Target value design, value, design science, architectural programming, serious games and simulations }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Styrvold2019, author={Styrvold, Marie and Knotten, Vegard and Lædre, Ola }, editor={ }, title={Planning the BIM Process in AEC Projects}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={527-528}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1665}, doi={10.24928/2019/0208}, affiliation={MSc Student, Department of civil and environmental engineering, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway, Mobile +4748126153, marie.styrvold@gmail.com ; Associate professor II, PhD, Department of Architecture and Planning, NTNU. Head of BIM and Design management development (Veidekke), vegard.knotten@veidekke.no ; Professor, dr. ing, Department of civil and environmental engineering, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), ola.laedre@ntnu.no }, abstract={The architectural, engineering and construction industry (AEC Industry) needs to focus on the early design phases. The use of Lean Design Management and Building Information Model (BIM) can be used together for reducing uncertainty and improve communication. BIM requires new working methods, and the use of Level of Development (LoD) or model maturity is proposed as a key element to align the challenges in the design phase and to generate an enhanced design process. This paper addresses these challenges and aim to answer three research questions. RQ1: What approaches to model maturity are used or attempted in the Norwegian AEC industry? RQ2: What experiences do the actors of the AEC industry have towards the use of model maturity? RQ3: How can model maturity be implemented in an AEC project? The research method is based on a literature study and a study based on semi–structured interviews. This paper presents an analysis of the interviewees regarding the experiences the industry has with the use of model maturity. There is proposed a framework based on the results, about how to implement model maturity in construction projects. The framework is generic and can be adapted to different construction projects independent of contract form. }, author_keywords={BIM, model maturity, design management, lean design, collaborative planning }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Daniel2019, author={Daniel, Emmanuel I. and Garcia, Daniel and Marasini, Ramesh and Kolo, Shaba and Oshodi, Olalekan }, editor={ }, title={Improving Construction Management Practice in the Gibraltar Construction Industry}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={539-550}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1666}, doi={10.24928/2019/0227}, affiliation={Lecturer, Department of Construction Management and the Built Environment, Solent University, Southampton. UK. emmanuel.daniel@solent.ac.uk ; BSc(Hons) Graduate, Department of Construction Management and the Built Environment, Solent University, Southampton, UK. dangarcia.official@gmail.com ; Associate Professor, Department of Construction Management and the Built Environment, Solent University, Southampton. UK. ramesh.marasini@solent.ac.uk ; Lecturer, Department of Construction Management and the Built Environment, Solent University, Southampton. UK. shaba.kolo@solent.ac.uk ; Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, University of Johanesburge, South Africa. os.oshodi@gmail.com }, abstract={Research has shown that 57% of activities in a construction project is non-value adding (waste) which contributes to the poor performance of the sector. While other countries of the world such the USA, UK, Brazil, Nigeria and Israel among others are seeking to understand this challenge and deploy innovative ways and modern techniques to improve it, limited studies have explored factors that contribute to non-value adding activities (NVA) in the Gibraltar construction industry. The current study aims to identify the factors that contribute to NVA on construction sites in Gibraltar and to present an outlook on how this could be minimised using Last Planner System(LPS). A combination of quantative and qualitative research approaches were used. Thirtyone questionnaire responses were analysed and seven semi-structured interviews were conducted. The investigation reveals that the development of unrealistic schedules, lack of adequate training, delayed approval process and work interruption due to the community are the key factors that contribute to NVA. The study found that the suggestions offered by construction professional for minimising NVA align with some LPS principles. The study concludes that some of the current practices, could serve as justification for the introduction of LPS in the construction sector of Gibraltar. }, author_keywords={Last planner system, non-value adding activities, waste, workflow, Gibraltar }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Gardarsson2019, author={Gardarsson, Matthias Helgi and Lædre, Ola and Svalestuen, Fredrik }, editor={ }, title={Takt Time Planning in Porsche Consulting, the Boldt Company and Veidekke}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={551-562}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1667}, doi={10.24928/2019/0232}, affiliation={MSc, Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +4790120191, mhgardarsson@gmail.com ; Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, +4791189938, ola.ladre@ntnu.no ; Researcher, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU/Department Manager, Veidekke, Trondheim Norway, +4798673172, fredrik.svalestuen@veidekke.no }, abstract={In recent years takt time planning has been a more and more utilized method in construction projects. In 2010 the Norwegian contractor Veidekke started their first takt project and have since carried out several projects with the method. The results of these has been wavering from breakdowns of the takt system to great success. It is therefore interesting to see how takt is used by different companies internationally and which experiences these have compared to Veidekke. Through literature reviews, interviews and case studies the paper looks at takt as practiced by Porsche Consulting, The Boldt Company and Veidekke. Their practical applications have a lot in common, but are distinguished – among other things – by the way to involve subcontractors, the types of projects that they use takt on, and how they divide the project into zones. Currently, takt seems to be dependent on key persons familiar with the method, and there is a need for a guideline for takt so more projects can benefit from use of the method. }, author_keywords={Takt time planning (TTP), lean construction, production planning, work flow, buffer }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Grau2019, author={Grau, David and Abbaszadegan, Amin and Assanair, Rizan }, editor={ }, title={Process Versus Operations Workflow – Making the Case for Continuous Monitoring of Construction Operations}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={563-572}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1668}, doi={10.24928/2019/0197}, affiliation={David Grau, Assistant Professor, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA, Phone +1 (480) 727-0665; email: david.grau@asu.edu ; Amin Abbaszadegan, Ph.D., School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA, Phone +1 (416) 347-7547; email: aabbasz1@asu.edu ; Rizwan Assainar, MS, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA, Phone +1 (480) 727-0665; email: ruizwan.assanair@asu.edu }, abstract={This article argues that an opportunity to leverage operations flow in construction exists. Operations flow represents the flow of work within a unit of production such as a worker or workstation. To date, construction has mostly neglected operations flow and solely focused on process flow. Process flow represents how the flow of work on a product moves through workstations or tasks. For example, the Last Planner System (LPS) exemplifies a successful approach to plan for tasks with resolved constraints, so that production units (e.g. crews) can flow smoothly through the built product or project. In order to spark a discussion in the construction community, this article provides a theoretical review of process and operations flow concepts and practices. In addition, interviews with subject matter experts in the automobile industry are leveraged in order to unveil how work and information flows are monitored in assembly lines. Based on the previous insights, a model for the continuous monitoring of operations in construction with the support of advanced technologies is discussed. The model is partially implemented in a healthcare project. }, author_keywords={Project controls, variability, work flow, process flow, operations flow, value, takt-time planning. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Ghanem2019, author={Ghanem, Malek and Albanna, Rania and Hage, Ralph I. and Hamzeh, Farook R. }, editor={ }, title={Comparing Lean Management Principles and Evolutionary Design in Nature}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={573-582}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1669}, doi={10.24928/2019/0229}, affiliation={Graduate Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon, mng08@mail.aub.edu ; Graduate Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon, rma138@mail.aub.edu ; Graduate Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon, rih16@mail.aub.edu ; Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca }, abstract={Evolutionary design is defined as a gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form. This process is apparent in nature where it is evolving towards the optimum solution. Lean is defined as a philosophy that aims at eliminating waste in production processes without compromising value. The two concepts appear in the literature as independent with little attempts to study a possible relation between them. The purpose of this paper is to explore synergies between the two seemingly distinct systems. This is performed by studying each notion on its own through breaking it down to its dynamic functional systems, and comparing the functions of each against one another. Findings reveal that the development of lean since its inception is comparable to the natural mechanisms of evolutionary design in nature. Findings suggest that lean is the natural course of evolution of construction management systems towards more optimal systems. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, evolutionary design, nature, workflow, optimization, design science }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Giménez2019, author={Giménez, Zulay and Mourgues, Claudio and Alarcón, Luis F. and Mesa, Harrison }, editor={ }, title={Proposal of a Model for Measuring Value in the Design Process}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={49-62}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1670}, doi={10.24928/2019/0196.}, affiliation={PhD. cadidate, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. E-Mail: zmgimenez@ing.puc.cl ; Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. E-Mail: cmourgue@ing.puc.cl ; Professor of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. E-Mail: lalarcon@ing.puc.cl ; Assistant Professor of Civil Construction, School of Civil Construction, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. }, abstract={Among the current challenges associated with design in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is the need for an adequate understanding of the value required by involved customers to avoid decreases in productivity and value losses in the process and product. This paper describes the development of a value analysis model with the conceptual basis of Design Science Research (DSR) and based on Kano'smodel, which seeks to accomplish the following: (1) identify the desired value of the different clients in the process; (2) understand the value generation process; and (3) conveniently recognize and manage value losses. This paper is based on an existing case study of the Kano´s model found in the literature to evaluate the proposed model. The main contribution is the creation of 3 value indexes—Desired, Potential and Generated—which inform designers of the presence of different degrees of value losses and support the improvement of the capture of requirements and the knowledge of customer satisfaction conditions. The current limitation of the model is the noncorporation of the utilized resources as part of the value equation. }, author_keywords={Value, value losses, kano model, design science, value index, value analysis }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Oprach2019, author={Oprach, Svenja and Sonnabend, Felix and Haghsheno, Shervin }, editor={ }, title={The General Contractor Response to Platform Ecosystems}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={583-594}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1671}, doi={10.24928/2019/0211}, affiliation={ }, abstract={Platforms enable value-creating interactions between producers and customers by mediating between their users. Supported by digitization, platforms use large datasets and integrated production systems to enhance the customer and producer experience. The platform's business model is expanding in the economy as digitization increases. In the context of the completion of building projects producers and customers find themselves in a complex tender and order process. On the producer side, the aim is to use resources as efficiently as possible and on the customer side to process orders as efficiently as possible. Digital platforms offer the potential to simplify the interaction between producers and customers and challenge the status quo of the classical general contractor (GC) business. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact on GCs by analysing expert interviews regarding business model implications for GCs through the development and emergence of digital platforms. }, author_keywords={Business model, digital platform, network effects, efficiencies }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Torp2019, author={Torp, Olav }, editor={ }, title={How Stochastic Cost Estimates Could Be Applied in Relation to Target Value Design}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={595-606}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1672}, doi={10.24928/2019/0239}, affiliation={Associate Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 934 226 73, olav.torp@ntnu.no. }, abstract={Approaches like Target Value Design (TVD) has gained more and more attention in the Construction Industry. Critical issues with these principles are how the cost targets are set, how shared profit is agreed upon and made transparent, and how production costs are steered towards the target costs and tracked. Research has shown positive applications of TVD, but also remaining challenges with the approach. This paper will focus on the process of setting the cost targets in TVD. In traditional design processes, the costs are estimated based on the finalized design. In TVD, design and construction is steered towards the constraints, while maximizing the value for the costumer. Based on the client value, Allowable Cost are set. In Scandinavian countries, stochastic cost estimation methods have been applied to estimate project costs and to set cost targets for projects over many years. The cost targets are set prior to detail design. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how stochastic estimates could be applied in TVD. The method used is a literature review, in combination with a case study of cost estimation principles in two Norwegian public agencies. Findings show that stochastic cost estimates could be used both as input to set Allowable Cost and to estimate the Market Cost. }, author_keywords={Target value design, target costing, stochastic cost estimation, cost target }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Ko2019, author={Ko, Chien-Ho and Kuo, Jiun-De }, editor={ }, title={Lean Design Process for Formwork Engineering}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={607-616}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1673}, doi={10.24928/2019/0138}, affiliation={Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, +886 8 770-3202, fpecount@yahoo.com.tw; President, Lean Construction Institute-Taiwan; Research Director, Lean Construction Institute-Asia. ; MS, Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. }, abstract={Formwork engineering is one of major cost factors in reinforced concrete construction, which is not only critical for the successful completion of construction projects, but also critical for profitability. Traditional formwork design process includes waste, resulting non-value-adding manpower and operational time. The purpose of this research is to utilize lean thinking in formwork design so as to enhance design correctness and eliminate waste. A lean design process for formwork enginering is established to achieve this goal. In the design process, design correctness is established to review and correct design errors. An organizational learning environment is thus built. The proposed lean design process is conceptualized using stock-flow diagrams. This research validates the applicability of the proposed approach using a real case. Application results show that the proposed method can reduce wasteful manpower and operational time in formwork engineering. }, author_keywords={Formwork design, pull, design correctness, system dynamics }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Khalife2019, author={Khalife, Salam and Hamzeh, Farook }, editor={ }, title={A Framework for Understanding the Dynamic Nature of Value in Design and Construction }, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={617-628}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1674}, doi={10.24928/2019/0254}, affiliation={PhD student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon 1107 2020; email: sgk19@mail.aub.edu ; Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., University of Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca }, abstract={Since the introduction of the Transformation, Flow, and Value (TFV) theory, the lean construction community has widely invested in research to understand and analyse effectively the concept of value in design and construction. Researchers looked into different contexts, mainly into manufacturing, marketing and business, where the concept of perceived value and value creation has been comprehensively studied. The main driver is that delivering value is regarded as an economic advantage and a pivotal aspect in those industries. Accordingly, researchers used these concepts to reflect on their applicability and compatibility within the construction industry. However, scrutinizing the body of knowledge addressing value in construction, one can notice the wide-ranging and scattered concepts concerning value. This paper thus aims at exploring and assembling the different attributes influencing value in construction. A review and analysis of literature is conducted, mainly in the proceedings of the IGLC conference. An integration framework structuring the multi attributes is then presented focusing on the dynamic nature of value. The overall objective is to identify the research trends concerned with value in construction and specify the probable gaps in knowledge as well as suggesting areas that need further investigation. The research presented in this paper is a first step towards understanding the different dimensions of value and building a unified platform for future research endeavours. }, author_keywords={Value, collaboration, value generation, stakeholders, value managemen }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Barth2019, author={Barth, Karina B. and Formoso, Carlos T. and Sterzi, Marcus P. }, editor={ }, title={Performance Measurement in Lean Production Systems: An Exploration on Requirements and Taxonomies}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={629-640}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1675}, doi={10.24928/2019/0266}, affiliation={PhD Candidate, Building Innovation Research Unit - NORIE, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, kbertotto@gmail.com ; Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit - NORIE, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, formoso@ufrgs.br ; MSc, Building Innovation Research Unit - NORIE, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Consultant and Managing Partner at LD Consulting, marcus@ldconsulting.com.br }, abstract={Performance measurement plays an important role in project and business management, as it focuses on the most important aspects of the business, provides real data and guides actions for improvement. It also provides support for the implementation of some Lean Production principles, such as reducing the share of non-value-adding activities (waste), increasing process transparency, building continuous improvement into the process, and benchmarking. Despite its importance, very little has been reported on the development of PM systems that are effective for assessing the impact of lean implementation. In addition, there is a lack of studies on how Lean companies (or projects) use indicators and to what extent these reflect the result of actions that have been undertaken. Therefore, this paper presents preliminary results of a research study that aims to propose a set of requirements for Performance Measurement (PM) Systems from a lean production perspective, and a taxonomy of metrics for lean production systems. It discusses the scope of the performance metrics adopted by five companies from South America involved in the implementation of Lean Production Systems. The scope of this investigation is limited to construction projects as production systems, rather than PM at the level of construction organizations. }, author_keywords={Performance measurement, lean construction, production management, continuous improvement, kaizen }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Dakhli2019, author={Dakhli, Zakaria and Lagier, Steven and Ducoulombier, Laure and Lafhaj, Zoubeir }, editor={ }, title={Economics of Using a Distribution Center for a Renovation Housing Project}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={641-652}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1676}, doi={10.24928/2019/0212}, affiliation={Research engineer, Chair "Construction 4.0", Centrale Lille, Lille, France, zakaria.dakhli@centralelille.fr ; Construction Director, Lagier bâtiment, France, steven.lagier@centraliens-lille.org ; R&D Manager, Bouygues Construction, France, l.ducoulombier@bouygues-construction.com ; Full Professor in civil engineering, Chairholder at "Construction 4.0", Centrale Lille, France, zoubeir.lafhaj@centralelille.fr }, abstract={The use of a distribution center is a common practice in industry and an emerging practice in construction. The main reason is that logistics is not considered to be the primary concern and interest of construction. On the other hand, current research shows that construction can be considered as a kind of production. The logistics side in construction is underrrated, especially since the cost of materials constitutes a large proportion of the cost of construction. While the research conducted on the use of distribution centers shows some benefits, a comparative cost between this type of logistics and the traditional method of supply has not yet been carried out in detail. The lack of figures and extensive studies makes it difficult for professionals to adopt it. The case study in this paper highlights the economics of using a distribution center for a housing renovation project. the paper also suggests a practical framework that assess the economics of using a distribution center in for housing. }, author_keywords={Construction site, supply chain, distribution center, third party logistics, logistics, cost, benefits, lean construction }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Hackett2019, author={Hackett, Vince and Harte, Peter and Chendo, Jorge }, editor={ }, title={The Development and Use of Last Planner® System (LPS) Guidance}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={651-662}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1677}, doi={10.24928/2019/0101}, affiliation={Lean Construction Lead A14 IDT. 07702 464460, vince.hackett@ntu.ac.uk ; Project Manager Carey Construction, peter.harte@careysplc.ie ; Structures Manager A14 IDT, Jorge.chendo@thea14.com }, abstract={This paper addresses the development and use of last planner system (LPS) implementation guidance. Lean construction (LC) as operationalised by tools including the LPS has been deployed over 25 years with documented successful outcomes. Yet, the literature also reveals widespread implementation failures, in part due to a guidance shortfall. To address this issue, guidance principles were developed, informed by longitudinal action research (AR) undertaken over 18 months investigating LPS usage on 7 sequential projects on the ongoing refurbishment of a liquified natural gas (LNG) plant in North West Australia. AR, the main research method used, combined continuous experimentation with analysis using a variety of data and evidence sources. By examining the process and outcomes of the action, explanations and further ideas are forthcoming, setting the platform for new action. The paper describes further longitudinal LPS implementation aided by the developed guidance on a £1.5 billion UK infrastructure project. The research contributes to knowledge with ongoing LPS guidance development, through testing and refinement with AR cycles. Further guidance into the use and melding of off-site manufacture and lean construction practice is also being developed and deployed. The limitations are that only LNG refurbishment and infrastructure projects have been researched to date. }, author_keywords={Lean construction (LC), Last planner system (LPS), lean construction guidance, Action Research (AR) }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Ibrahim2019, author={Ibrahim, Michael W. and Hanna, Awad S. }, editor={ }, title={Comparative Analysis of Project Performance Between Different Project Delivery Systems}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={663-674}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1678}, doi={10.24928/2019/0183}, affiliation={ California State University, Los Angeles, United States of America ; University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America }, abstract={Project Delivery System (PDS) defines the relationship and timing of involvement between different contracting parties. The main PDSs referred to in cited literature are: Design-BidBuild (DBB), Construction Management at Risk (CMR), Design-Build (DB), and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). By applying statistical tests such as Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) F-test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test to a dataset of 109 projects, this paper compares the performance of the four PDSs. As a result, statistically significant performance differences among the examined PDSs were identified in five performance areas: cost, schedule, quality, communication, and change management. Furthermore, performing pairwise comparisons using post-hoc statistical tests to each pair of PDSs shows that DBB performs markedly worse than the other examined PDSs, especially IPD. The findings presented in this paper should encourage industry professionals to move away from the DBB model, and towards IPD and other synergic PDSs. }, author_keywords={Integrated Project Deliver (IPD), Collaboration, Relational, Project Performance, Quantitative Analysis }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Farzad2019, author={Farzad, Mohammad Reza and Cameron, Vhybirt A. }, editor={ }, title={Implementing Lean Visual Tools on the Closeout Phase of a Globalscale Industrial Project}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={675-686}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1679}, doi={10.24928/2019/0184}, affiliation={VDC Engineer, Gilbane Building Company, 13750 San Pedro Ave., Ste. 550, San Antonio, TX 78232, USA, +1 571 216-6016, mfarzad@gilbaneco.com ; Project Manager, Gilbane Building Company, 13750 San Pedro Ave., Ste. 550, San Antonio, TX 78232, USA, +1 210 714-3641, vcameron@gilbaneco.com }, abstract={The construction industry has long been struggling with issues such as safety, efficiency, and quality. Many tools and methods have been introduced to alleviate the current problems of this industry. Lean practices have been promising in recent years in the matter of improving project safety, communications and efficiency. However, these tools have mainly been implemented at the peak of a construction project’s activities, where resources are at their highest levels, but seemed to be neglected at the ending phase of closeout. To study the effectiveness of lean practices in this phase, this paper has evaluated the utilization of visual management methods as a case study on a large-scale multi-phase, multi-cultural industrial project in Mexico. Hence, a visual matrix was developed after thorough analysis and continues improvement. Moreover, procedures were developed to use this tool to communicate, track and coordinate the closeout process. After the completion of the project, five milestone dates were extracted, and the information was compared against previous phase data. The result of the study shows that using this tool can decrease the duration of the closeout process, improve the communication between different stakeholders and aid to overcome challenges derived from differences in culture, methods, and expectations. }, author_keywords={Lean Construction, Closeout, Visual Management, International, Multi-Culture }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Mota2019, author={Mota, Paula and Machado, Fernanda and Biotto, Clarissa and Mota, Ricardo and Mota, Bruno }, editor={ }, title={BIM for Production: Benefits and Challenges for Its Application in a Design-Bid-Build Project}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={687-698}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1680}, doi={10.24928/2019/0243}, affiliation={MSc, BIM Manager, SIPPRO Consultancy, Fortaleza, Brazil, Paula.Mota@sippro.eng.br ; MSc, BIM Manager, Núcleo de Inovação BIM - NIB, Salvador, Brazil, Fernanda.Machado@nucleobim.com ; Post-Doc Researcher, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil, Clerwice@gmail.com ; Civil Eng, CEO, SIPPRO Consultancy, Fortaleza, Brazil, Ricardo.Mota@sippro.eng.br ; Civil Eng., Lean Consultant, LogiKal, Birmingham, UK, Bmota@logikalprojects.com }, abstract={The poor management of the information flow in the AEC industry is a significant problem that might be overcome by the adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Lean Construction philosophy. Although the increasing use of BIM models by construction companies, the management of BIM models for production purposes still lacks a systematic investigation by scholars. Thus, the paper presents a design-bid-build (D-B-B) project to investigate the necessary efforts of design and construction stakeholders in order to generate the BIM models for production. Moreover, the authors analysed the information flow, stakeholders’ responsibilities and interactions in the BIM process. The study finds that the effective use of BIM for production is impacted by the D-B-B route due to the lack of information for construction contained within the BIM models generated by designers. Likewise, the effort of modelling for production requires a new skilled professional with design and construction knowledge. The study is limited to one case study outcomes; however, the constraints for the adoption of BIM for production are general to the AEC industry. }, author_keywords={BIM, production, information flow, constructive model, design-bid-build, procurement }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Grau2019, author={Grau, David and Cruz-Rios, Fernanda and Sherman, Rachael }, editor={ }, title={Project Validation – a Novel Practice to Improve Value and Project Performance}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={63-72}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1681}, doi={10.24928/2019/0199}, affiliation={David Grau, Assistant Professor, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA, Phone +1 (480) 727-0665; email: david.grau@asu.edu ; Fernand Cruz-Rios, Post-Doctoral Researcher, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA, Phone +1 (480) 727-0665; email: fernanda.cr.ford@gmail.com ; Rachael Sherman, Ph.D. Student, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA, Phone +1 (480) 727-0665; email: rpsherm1@asu.edu }, abstract={The study presented in this article investigates the practice of validation, which is not supported by the current literature. In this study, data was collected from subject matter experts through phone interviews. A multiple case study method was leveraged to characterize validation through the analysis of empirical data from remarkable project validation efforts. Project validation aims at proving or disproving with limited or no design whether the team can deliver a project that satisfies the owner’s business case and scope within the owner’s allowable constraints of cost and schedule and with an acceptable level of risk. During validation, multidisciplinary innovation clusters within the team investigate, compare, and propose distinct options for major project components, and enable the team to collaboratively select an option for the conceptual estimate without committing to the design of such option. Exploring solutions with a multidisciplinary lens without committing to their design enables the team, later on during design, to make decisions on solutions that ensure the cumulative impact of such solutions and further increase value to the owner. Validation culminates in a go/no-go decision, is undertaken following the business case and precedes the contractual agreement, and must have a dedicated budget, schedule, and project team. This article characterizes what validation is, when it is performed, how it should be implemented, and its benefits. Lessons learned are also discussed. When properly implemented, subject matter experts express that validation virtually eliminates cost and schedule deviations. }, author_keywords={Value, lean construction, collaboration }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Abou Dargham2019, author={Abou Dargham, Sarah and Assaf, Sena and Faour, Karim and Hamzeh, Farook }, editor={ }, title={Optimizing Material-Related Costs Using Dynamic Site Layout and Supply Chain Planning }, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={699-710}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1682}, doi={10.24928/2019/0135}, affiliation={Graduate Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Phone +961 76 547 177, sra26@mail.aub.edu ; Graduate Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Phone +961 71 834 900, saa127@mail.aub.edu ; Civil Engineering Graduate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Phone +961 71 112 886, knf03@mail.aub.edu ; Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca }, abstract={Understanding a construction site layout is a crucial step before allocating resources to it; space is a critical factor that impacts both labor productivity and ease of material reach when needed. There is little research performed on the cost aspect of material management on site in compliance with the schedule and the type of supply chain strategy. The process of delivering bulk Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC) units based on a push-supply system to a congested site with limited storage space all the way to their storage and installation on site is studied in this paper. The resources' cost, deterioration cost, transportation-delay cost, and the corresponding space turnover rate associated with the process are also addressed. The aim of this paper is to incorporate lean thinking to develop, model, and simulate an optimized and dynamic site layout that allows for a smooth flow of materials to the site thus minimizing their accumulated logistics and handling costs using the simulation software EZStrobe. Results showed 16% reduction in the total cost and 15% in the total simulation time from the base model of the process under study by adopting a pull-based supply chain of GRC units and combining certain activities of the process. }, author_keywords={Dynamic site layout planning, lean construction, supply chain management, material handling cost, workflow }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Gusmão Brissi2019, author={Gusmão Brissi, Sara and Debs, Luciana }, editor={ }, title={Lean, Automation and Modularization in Construction}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={711-722}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1683}, doi={10.24928/2019/0177}, affiliation={PhD Student, School of Construction Management Technology – Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, sgusmaob@purdue.edu ; Assistant Professor, School of Construction Management Technology – Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, ldecresc@purdue.edu }, abstract={The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry lags behind the manufacturing industry, both in terms of innovation and productivity, mainly due to its heterogeneous, fragmented nature and the uniqueness of its projects. This paper analyzes three effective processes and technologies which are carrying out great benefits to the construction industry: lean construction, automation, and modularization (LAM). The research consists of a systematic literature review and assesses previously published work related to the three combined topics LAM in construction with two main goals: (1) identify the relevance of the three topics combined for both the AEC industry and the academy, and (2) identify in the papers investigated the main themes related to the combination of LAM in construction. Findings reveal only 31 publications meeting the criteria within the two sources investigated. The most frequent areas of LAM identified in the papers were lean production management, optimization algorithm and prefabrication, respectively related to lean construction, automation in construction and modular construction. The results reveal a need to better investigate the interactions of LAM in construction as a way to promote the continuous improvement of the AEC industry. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, automation, modularization, off-site construction, continuous improvement. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Ng2019, author={Ng, Ming Shan and Hall, Daniel Mark }, editor={ }, title={Toward Lean Management for Digital Fabrication: a Review of the Shared Practices of Lean, DfMA and dfab}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={725-736}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1684}, doi={10.24928/2019/0204}, affiliation={PhD student, Chair of Innovative and Industrial Construction, Dept. Civil, Env. and Geo. Eng., ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland, +41 44 633 44 25, mng@ethz.ch ; Assistant Professor, Chair of Innovative and Industrial Construction, +41 44 633 34 90, dhall@ethz.ch. }, abstract={Digital Fabrication (dfab) is emerging as a new technical and computational approach for the architecture and construction industry. However, managing dfab requires processes to account for integrated design and construction processes. Lean construction management and design for manufacture and assembly (DfMA) offer two potential strategies for managing dfab. Although dfab, DfMA and lean have each been of wide interest among scholars, little research has examined their potential synergies. This paper conducts a literature review of all papers based on the authors' knowledge that discuss at least two of the three topics, and identifies common practices shared between the lean, DfMA and dfab. Two practices – design-to-target value and concurrent engineering – are found to be shared by all the three topics. Further, seven practices shared by two of the three topics: pull-planning, design-to-cost, standardisation, Jidoka, Just-in-Time, design-to-construct and knowledge sharing. This paper demonstrates the opportunities for synergies between lean, DfMA and dfab, and concludes with suggestions for future research to further investigate implementation of lean management for dfab in construction. }, author_keywords={Lean Construction, Design Management, DfMA, Digital Fabrication, Literature Review }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Bridi2019, author={Bridi, Marcelle Engler and Ceolin, Eliká Deboni and Granja, Ariovaldo Denis and Formoso, Carlos Torres }, editor={ }, title={Modularity in the Construction Industry: A Systematic Mapping Study}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={737-748}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1685}, doi={10.24928/2019/0178}, affiliation={Ph.D. Student, Construction Management Research Laboratory (LAGERCON), School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil, marcelle.bridi@gmail.com ; Ph.D. Student, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-190, Brazil, elikac@gmail.com ; Associate Professor, Architecture and Construction Dept., Director of the Construction Management Research Laboratory (LAGERCON), School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas, 951 Albert Einstein Ave, P.O. Box 6021, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil, Phone: +55 19 3788-2082, adgranja@fec.unicamp.br ; Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), School of Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-190, Brazil; formoso@ufrgs.br }, abstract={Modularity is a concept that has not been fully explored in the construction industry, as a mechanism to improve cost, quality, and schedule performance. However, currently it is strongly related to the idea of developing mass customized innovative products. Although modularization is widely used in the manufacturing industry, its application in construction-related opportunities seems to be difficult. This paper presents a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) on the use of modularity in the construction industry, and attempts to make a connection with Lean principles. SMS is a research method that aims to provide an overview of a specific area, through systematic selection and analysis of the literature, starting from a research question. The steps used to conduct this research work are described, as well as the mapping of the topic areas already covered in literature. The main contribution of the paper is concerned with the connections between Modularity core ideas and Lean principles. }, author_keywords={Modularity; Lean Supply Chain; Lean Principles; Systematic Mapping Study. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Chauhan2019, author={Chauhan, Krishna and Peltokorpi, Antti and Lavikka, Rita and Seppänen, Olli }, editor={ }, title={Deciding Between Prefabrication and On-Site Construction: A Choosing-by-Advantage Approach}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={749-758}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1686}, doi={10.24928/2019/0158}, affiliation={Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, Krishna.chauhan@aalto.fi ; Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, Antti.peltokorpi@aalto.f ; Post-doctoral Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, rita.lavikka@aalto.fi ; Professor of Practice, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, Olli.Seppänen@aalto.fi }, abstract={Several academic and industrial studies have documented the benefits of prefabrication compared to on-site construction. However, key construction project actors find it difficult to analyse whether prefabrication would be beneficial for their project with specific circumstances and targets. This research aims to develop a process to evaluate the impact of prefabrication in projects. First, based on the literature review and focus group discussion, we define the impact factors of prefabrication. Second, we apply Choosing by Advantage (CBA) approach together with Cost-Benefit-analysis to define a process for prefabrication impact measurement which considers various impact factors and their importance in the project. Finally, we validate the process with the industry experts. The paper contributes to knowledge on robust decision-making processes about production methods in situations in which all impact factors are not easily comparable but require a subjective valuation. }, author_keywords={Prefabrication, on-site construction, choosing-by-advantage, lean construction }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Zaheraldeen2019, author={Zaheraldeen, Hayyan and Khoury, Hiam and Hamzeh, Farook }, editor={ }, title={An AHP Approach for Selecting and Identifying Off-Site Construction Systems}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={73-82}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1687}, doi={10.24928/2019/0238}, affiliation={Graduate Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., American University of Beirut, Lebanon, hnz04@mail.aub.edu. ; Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., American University of Beirut, Lebanon, hk50@aub.edu.lb. ; Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., University of Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca. }, abstract={Many studies have shown the positive impact of applying lean principles in off-site construction. However, limited research have focused on evaluating the attributes associated with those various systems needed to highlight their difference. In fact, off-site systems present different advantages and disadvantages implying a need to evaluate their value maximization in terms of cost, time, quality, etc. when selecting the appropriate off-site system. Although some research studies have attempted to compare off-site against on-site systems, none has performed a comparison among non-volumetric systems (e.g. panelized and natural materials), volumetric systems, and hybrid systems. Therefore, this paper takes the initial steps and presents work targeted towards identifying the optimal off-site systems for a given project by extracting and elaborately analyzing the attributes of the different systems using the Analytical Hierarchy Process technique (AHP). The outcomes of this study will yield standardized policies for properly choosing optimal off-site systems based on lean principles. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, Off-site construction, Analytical hierarchy process (AHP), Value maximization. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Pikas2019, author={Pikas, Ergo and Koskela, Lauri and Oehmen, Josef and Dave, Bhargav }, editor={ }, title={From Checklists to Design Process Support Systems: Initial Framing}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={83-96}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1688}, doi={10.24928/2019/0173}, affiliation={Researcher, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark, ekas@dtu.dk ; Professor, University of Huddersfield, Department of Architecture and 3D Design, UK, L.Koskela@hud.ac.uk ; Associate Professor, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark, jooehm@dtu.dk ; Senior Researcher, Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland, bhargav.dave@aalto.fi }, abstract={Building project delivery is beset with many long-standing problems. Often, these problems, resulting in failures of facilities and cost-time overruns, are directly related to poor design and design management practices. This motivated the definition of the main aim to develop an initial framing for the design process support systems, incorporating ideas from the human error and performance management domains, and on checklists. In this conceptual paper, a literature review method is used. It is suggested that cognitive systems engineering could be used to conceptualize the designers work and to incorporate checklists into the design process. Then, key aspects and elements for the development of design process support systems are addressed. }, author_keywords={Error management, checklist, design process, design support systems }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Andenaes2019, author={Andenaes, ErleBd and Time, Berit and Torp, Olav and Kvande, Tore and Lohne, Jardar }, editor={ }, title={Risk Management in Procurement of Blue-Green Roofs – A Project Owner Perspective}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={97-108}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1689}, doi={10.24928/2019/0263}, affiliation={Ph.D. candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 926 84 110, erlend.andenas@ntnu.no ; Head researcher, Department of Materials and Structures, SINTEF Building and infrastructure, Trondheim, Norway, +47 970 72 083, berit.time@sintef.no. ; Associate Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 934 226 73, olav.torp@ntnu.no. ; Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 902 55 434, tore.kvande@ntnu.no. ; Research scientist, dr. art. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 934 44 930, jardar.lohne@ntnu.no }, abstract={Blue-green roofs are vegetated roofs used for stormwater management purposes. With the roof serving several different purposes at the same time, the risk that any of its functions could be compromised needs to be addressed. Risks related to roof defects may present a threat to the long-term operation of a building, and could lead to waste by making defective products. This article presents an investigation to explore how the Norwegian building sector handles and manages this risk. Tender documents for green roof construction projects in the Norway are examined. Technical documents are studied to chart how the projects manage risks related to the integrity of the roofs in the tender phase. Findings suggest that risk in relation to building physics is not systematically analysed and managed in design and procurement phase of the project. Contractors are given significant control of design elements in certain common contract strategies. Risk is effectively not being managed in the early phase, with much of the risk management given to the contractors. The project owner will yield little control over decisions whose outcomes will only manifest long after the warranty period expires. }, author_keywords={Blue-green roofs, risk management, contract strategy }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Javanmardi12019, author={Javanmardi1, Ashtad and Zhang, YuXiang and Liu, YanChun and Yang, ShuJuan and Yu, XiuXia and Liu, Min and Hsiang, Simon M. }, editor={ }, title={Manager Perception and Decision for Making-Do in China v.s. In the U.S.}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1175-1186}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1690}, doi={10.24928/2019/0255}, affiliation={North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, USA, Tel: 001-919-513-7920 ; Qingdao University of Technology, No 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China, Tel: 0086-0532- 85071060 ; Qingdao University of Technology, No 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China, Tel: 0086-0532- 85071060 ; Qingdao University of Technology, No 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China, Tel: 0086-0532- 85071060 ; Qingdao University of Technology, No 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China, Tel: 0086-0532- 85071060 ; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, USA, Tel: 001-919-513-7920, Corresponding author. E-mail address: min_liu@ncsu.edu ; University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 -0001, USA, Tel: 001-704-687-1958 }, abstract={Making-do, a decision to start work despite knowing that preconditions are not fully ready, has been referred as a type of waste in construction projects. It will be interesting and beneficial to understand how project managers make making-do decisions when managing projects in different countries and cultures. This research conducted two surveys, one in China and one in the U.S., to study how making-do decision is made differently in two countries by project managers with various levels of experience and responsibility. The research also examined whether there is significant difference in experienced task starting time and duration variation between people with different making-do preference. Findings showed that there was a significant difference in making-do decision preference for construction managers in China vs. the U.S. However, there was no significant difference on making-do decision preference for managers at different responsibility levels. Results revealed Chinese managers who preferred making-do have experienced significantly higher duration variation while in U.S. the results are opposite. Emphasizing obedience, remaining consistency with peers and supervisors, and constantly checking labor, equipment, and materials availabilities are highly valued in the Chinese culture and management practice, which contributed to the making-do decision outcomes in China vs. the U.S. The findings help project managers to understand the difference and rationale in making-do decisions and have more efficient collaboration and communication when they work in projects located in a foreign country. }, author_keywords={Making-do, lean construction, constraints, China, U.S. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Francis2019, author={Francis, Ann and Thomas, Albert }, editor={ }, title={Integrating Lean Construction and Sustainability via a System Dynamics Framework}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1187-1196}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1691}, doi={10.24928/2019/0187}, affiliation={PhD Student, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay. Email:annfrancis@iitb.ac.in ; Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay. Email: albert@iitb.ac.in }, abstract={The growth of the construction industry has been constantly challenged by issues such as low productivity, time overruns, reduced profits, and high variability. Additionally, growing emphasis on sustainable development challenges the industry to explore methods and technologies that improve the sustainability of construction and built systems. Lean construction is proposed as a solution to address many of the construction related issues by reducing wastes and improving reliability, and recent research reveals that, it has significant potential in addressing sustainability concerns as well. Therefore, the relationship between lean and sustainability warrants a deeper understanding to assimilate the trade-offs across economic, social and environmental parameters. Even though the existing studies in this domain establish the relationship between lean and sustainability, they are greatly diverse in their approaches thus creating a fragmented understanding, and does not collectively analyse the various interrelationships and the feedbacks. This mandates the need of a realm like systems thinking to capture the dynamicity and interlinkages embedded in this complex relationship. This paper proposes a conceptual framework based on system dynamics modeling approach for the integration of lean and sustainability. A systems approach provides a better understanding to the industry practitioners about the scale of lean implementation demanded to ensure sustainable development. }, author_keywords={Lean construction (LC), Sustainability, System dynamics, Systems thinking, Waste }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Jylhä2019, author={Jylhä, Tuuli }, editor={ }, title={Reconceptualising CREM Alignment to Account for Waste}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1197-1206}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1692}, doi={10.24928/2019/0126}, affiliation={Assistant professor, Department of Management in the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, +31 6 24 86 6609, t.e.jylha@tudelft.nl }, abstract={Every business needs a place to operate. The management of corporate operational assets is called Corporate Real Estate Management (CREM). In the era of sustainability, smart use of real estate as the second-largest asset of corporations is needed. The purpose of the paper is to reconceptualise CREM alignment to feature the waste concept in smart use of CRE resources. This research is limited to the conceptual analysis of CREM alignment. The reasoning is based on integrative literature review. In general management theories, alignment is divided between vertical and horizontal alignments within and across organisations. In CREM literature, vertical alignment within an organisation is dominant while horizontal alignment within an organisation and across organisations has gained minimal attention. The conceptual analysis indicates that there is plenty of waste in CREM. Lean aligns especially horizontally and offers a way for smart alignment, i.e., a smart use of CRE resources including not only the use of materials and energy but also the use of human resources with their social capital. }, author_keywords={Corporate real estate, corporate real estate management, alignment, waste, added value }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Hanahoe2019, author={Hanahoe, John and Taggart, Martin and Willis, Conor }, editor={ }, title={Not Seeing the Wood for the Trees – A Gemba Walk Through a Timber Framed Housing Development}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1209-1218}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1693}, doi={10.24928/2019/0231}, affiliation={Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Building and Civil Engineering., Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland, +353 87 2604262, john.hanahoe@gmit.ie ; PhD, Lecturer, Dept. of Building and Civil Engineering., Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland, +353 91 742875, martin.taggart@gmit.ie ; Honours Student, Dept. of Building and Civil Engineering., Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland +353 85 2125736, conorwillis5@gmail.com }, abstract={This applied research seeks to improve the efficiency of production planning on repetitive construction projects. Ireland currently has a pressing need for a rapid expansion of housebuilding and many projects are planned or underway. However, programming of such works has been poor historically. This research proposes approaches to make planning of such projects more efficient. Information on a representative sample of dwellings was collected on a large timberframed housing site over a five-month period. The main-contractor’s bar chart programme for the project was analysed using the Line of Balance production planning approach. This allowed the time waste inherent in the programme to be visualised and allowed options for improvement to be considered. The results showed that a significant improvement could be made in the programme and in the efficient use of resources. This has significant benefits for contractors. The research is based on a single case study, which constrains universal claims about the results reported. However, the authors note their extensive experience of visiting similar projects, allowing them to attest to the ‘typicality’ of the case study in the Irish SME marketplace. The work has implications for improving lean construction practice in production planning and suggests the need for additional training in technical education. }, author_keywords={Gemba walk, Last Planner System, Line of Balance, Programming, Planning. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Kujansuu2019, author={Kujansuu, Pekka and Lehtovaara, Joonas and Grönvall, Max and Seppänen, Olli and Peltokorpi, Antti }, editor={ }, title={Comparison of Collaboration and Trade Partner Commitment in Takt Implementation Cases}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1219-1228}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1694}, doi={10.24928/2019/0166}, affiliation={Development Engineer, Skanska Oy, Finland, pekka.kujansuu@skanska.fi ; Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, joonas.lehtovaara@aalto.fi ; Project Engineer, SRV Rakennus Oy, Finland, Joonas.lehtovaara@aalto.fi ; Professor of Practice, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi ; Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, antti.peltokorpi@aalto.fi }, abstract={This study addresses the possible ways to improve takt implementation in projects. The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge of the stakeholder commitment and collaboration in takt projects where takt production is implemented. The study aims to explore which enablers and barriers affect collaboration in takt implementation projects, and how they differ between cases in Finland and California. The study was conducted as a qualitative multiple case study. The case projects were purposefully chosen for this study. The data collection was conducted as a triangulation of interview, observation and documentation observation. The enablers and barriers from different cases were clustered into plusses, deltas, and drivers between Finnish and Californian cases as well as jointly. The results were then analysed in a workshop and recommendations for further takt implementations as well as further research were made. Recommended actions for further takt implementation cases of more complete Lean understanding, and more transparent partnership between trade partners. However, the results and recommendations are based on a single study with a limited amount of cases, and therefore further research inside the topic is needed. }, author_keywords={takt production, collaboration, stakeholders, implementation }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Korb2019, author={Korb, Samuel and Telyas, Avi and Sacks, Rafael and Duka, Arens }, editor={ }, title={Evaluating Multiskilling in Residential Construction Projects Using Regional Industry Simulation}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1229-1240}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1695}, doi={10.24928/2019/0182}, affiliation={PhD Candidate, Virtual Construction Lab, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa Israel, shmuel.korb@technion.ac.il. ; Founder, Makerhoods.org, atelyas@makerhoods.org ; Professor, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa Israel, cvsacks@technion.ac.il. ; Undergraduate Research Assistant; Virtual Construction Lab, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa Israel, arens@campus.technion.ac.il. }, abstract={The Makerhoods project in Newark NJ, USA, is a planned affordable live/work development for low-income residents. With a background in Lean Manufacturing, and confronted with industry norms of low productivity, extensive subcontracting, unreliable plans, and incomplete information, the developer sought to ways to optimize construction cost, schedule and quality by and minimizing uncertainty and variation and by improving workflow. The developer sought to establish how Lean interventions might improve the performance of the production system that was being designed for the product. Specifically, the challenge was to determine how the concept of producing with laborers reorganized from trade-specific teams into multi-skilled work cells might impact the Makerhoods project, given the reality of the local construction market. To test these questions, Agent-Based Modelling was used. First, analogs of the local market and project of interest were recreated within the modeling environment. Next, the project delivery techniques were tested to find the highest probability of project success with the lowest band of outcome uncertainty. We hope the results will lead to new ways of approaching project management and potentially to establishment of new types of construction firms (i.e. the “finishing cells” composed of multi-skilled teams capable of completely building an apartment’s interior). }, author_keywords={Batch size, GC, Lean construction, multiskilling, simulation, strategies }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Salazar2019, author={Salazar, Luis A. and Retamal, Fabián and Ballard, Glenn and Arroyo, Paz and Alarcón, Luis F. }, editor={ }, title={Results of Indicators From the Linguistic Action Perspective in the Last Planner® System}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1241-1250}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1696}, doi={10.24928/2019/0148}, affiliation={Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Researcher – GEPUC, Santiago, Chile, +56 2 2354 7165, lasalaza@uc.cl ; MSc student, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Researcher – GEPUC, Santiago, Chile, +56 2 2354 7165, faretamal@uc.cl ; Research Director of the Project Production Systems Lab., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720- 1712, USA, +1 415 710-5531, ballard@ce.berkeley.edu ; DPR Quality Leader, San Francisco, CA, and Adjunct Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, PazA@dpr.com ; Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, +56 2 2354 7165, lalarcon@ing.puc.cl }, abstract={The correct implementation of the Last Planner® System has been proven to increase the reliability of the planning and performance levels of projects by managing commitments. However, the current management of commitments in weekly planning meetings has not been sufficiently analyzed to teach people how to make reliable promises. Therefore, it is essential to deepen the measurement indicators of the Linguistic Action Perspective to generate reliable commitments that reduce uncertainty and variability in the projects. This study, based on "design science research", shows the first results of the indicators of the fundamental elements of language and action in construction projects in Chile. The results are an improvement over the previous indicators. Previous indicators have only been validated in a classroom setting, whereas this paper presents a validation based on case studies on actual construction projects which carry out weekly meetings using LPS. The authors invite the researchers around the world to measure and compare these indicators. }, author_keywords={Linguistic Action Perspective, Last Planner® System, Commitments Management, Case Study, Planning meetings }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Fyhn2019, author={Fyhn, Håkon and Andersen, Lars }, editor={ }, title={Team-Leader Walk as Interdiciplinary Comunication Tool at the Building Site}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1251-1262}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1697}, doi={10.24928/2019/0206}, affiliation={Senior Researcher, NTNU Social Research, Trondheim Norway, hakon.fyhn@ntnu.no ; Research Professor, NTNU Social Research, Trondheim Norway }, abstract={This paper introduces the concept of ‘team-leader walk’ as part of the construction process organized through TAKT production. The purpose of the team-leader walk, is to help teamleaders see, communicate and plan further ahead in the construction process. By systematically walking through the different zones of the building under construction, while discussing plans and coordination issues one to three weeks ahead, the building site is used as communication tool in the interdisciplinary communication between the teamleaders. Appealing to the often-well-developed practical intelligence of the team-leaders, we argue that the building site itself, enhances the ability to look ahead better than visualisation tools alone. The team-leaders, as last planners become better equipped to take part in the continuous planning. A condition for the team-leader walk, as presented here, is that the construction is organised according to a systematic movement in time and space – such as TAKT production. The study is based on observations and interviews at two building projects where the team-leader walk was tested in 2018. While the validity is limited by the number of cases, the building company in study find the results so promising they have decided to implement the team-leader walk in further building projects. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, team-leader walk, last planner, takt }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Broft2019, author={Broft, Rafaella D. and Pryke, Stephen }, editor={ }, title={Supply Chain Rhythm: Multidisciplinary Teams Through Collaborative Work Structuring}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1261-1270}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1698}, doi={10.24928/2019/0272}, affiliation={PhD Candidate, University College London, The Bartlett School of Construction & Project Management, London, United Kingdom, r.d.broft@gmail.com ; Professor, University College London, The Bartlett School of Construction & Project Management, London, United Kingdom, s.pryke@ucl.ac.uk }, abstract={Collaborative work structuring methods are increasingly used in the construction industry to support project teams on delivering their projects on time, within budget and with high quality. By breaking down the work to be done in so-called manageable chunks, work structuring plays an important role in the creation of flow. The optimisation of flow is important due to the fragmented nature of the industry. Despite successful examples of the application of these methods, it is believed that the advantages remain limited to achieving better project results. Where current examples organise working packages around the work of different trades, this paper explores the consequences of a more supply chain-driven approach to collaborative work structuring. It challenges trades to design a “Supply Chain Rhythm”. The results presented in this paper show additional advantages, where multidisciplinairy teams have been created within a project. This way, the configuration of the crew performing the work chunk exceeds the boundaries of organisations or trades, and leads to further optimisation of the work flow. }, author_keywords={Production system design, work structuring, collaboration, multidisciplinary teams, supply chain rhythm. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Binninger2019, author={Binninger, Marco and Dlouhy, Janosch and Haghsheno, Shervin }, editor={ }, title={Flow in Takted Projects – A Practical Analysis of Flow and Resource Efficiency}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1271-1282}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1699}, doi={10.24928/2019/0228}, affiliation={Head of Lean Department, weisenbuger bau GmbH, +4915144023401, m.binninger@weisenburger.de ; Lean Expert, BMW AG, +4915160171327, janosch.dlouhy@bmw.de ; Professor, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49-72160842646, shervin.haghsheno@kit.edu }, abstract={In recent years, the methods of Takt Planning and Takt Control (TPTC) have gained significance in construction practice. The foundations for takted construction practices as well as the methods of Takt Planning and Takt Control have been described in numerous papers within the framework of the IGLC (Binninger u. a. 2017a; Frandson u. a. 2013; Frandson und Tommelein 2016; Haghsheno u. a. 2016; Heinonen und Seppänen 2016; Tommelein 2017). One of the primary goals of the methods is to create flow, allowing construction processes to be executed efficiently. In order to investigate the relationship between the methods TPTC and flow in takted construction projects, the issues of how flow is implemented in takted projects during Takt Planning and Takt Control as well as how this affects project participants were discussed. The foundations of the flow production principle were then outlined and an assessment method for determining the quality of flow was devised. The applied approach was based on the book “This is Lean” by Modig und Åhlström (2015). Hereby, workflows were measured from two perspectives and compared using an efficiency matrix. Data from practice in the form of takt plans from 40 takted projects were analyzed and empirically assessed. To date, an assessment of takted projects in relation to workflow has not been completed in any academic study. This paper provides a foundation for further research and sets a standard for assessment of flow in takted projects in real-life practice. This research serves as a pilot study in this field and invites further detailed studies of the characteristics of flow to be conducted in the future. }, author_keywords={Flow, flow efficiency, takt, TPTS }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Lerche2019, author={Lerche, Jon and Seppänen, Olli and Pedersen, Kristian Birch and Neve, Hasse and Wandahl, Søren and Gross, Allan }, editor={ }, title={Why Would Location-Based Scheduling Be Applicable for Offshore Wind Turbine Construction?}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1283-1294}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1700}, doi={10.24928/2019/0121}, affiliation={PhD Student, Department of Business Development at Aarhus University, Denmark, +4560133595, jon.lerche@btech.au.dk ; Professor of Practice, Aalto University School of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi ; PhD, Department of Construction Management at Aalborg University, Denmark, +4553555919, kbp@exigo.dk ; PhD Student, Department of Engineering at Aarhus University, Denmark, +4528791838, hn@eng.au.dk ; Professor, Department of Engineering at Aarhus University, Denmark, +4541893216, swa@eng.au.dk ; Professor, Department of Business Development at Aarhus University, Denmark, +4561150219, agr@btech.au.dk }, abstract={The focus in this research was the conversion of a traditional activity-based construction schedule to a location-based schedule. The case investigated was an offshore wind turbine project in the British sector of the North Sea. This exploratory case study used a deductive approach studying the literature. The initial step was a review of the location-based scheduling literature. The applicability of the theory could be tested through understanding the patterns from existing location-based scheduling literature. These patterns were the adapted from the construction context to the offshore wind construction context. With the knowledge of how and why from a theoretical perspective, the authors analyzed the existing construction schedule which was based on the critical path methodology. The results from this analysis provided knowledge about how location-based scheduling is applicable from an industrial perspective. This research contributes knowledge by testing the theory of location-based scheduling in the context of offshore wind turbine construction industry. }, author_keywords={Construction, Flowline, LBMS, Offshore wind, Work-sequencing }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Lerche2019, author={Lerche, Jon and Neve, Hasse and Pedersen, Kristian Birch and Wandahl, Søren and Gross, Allan }, editor={ }, title={Why Would Location-Based Scheduling Be Applicable for Offshore Oil and Gas Construction?}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1295-1306}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1701}, doi={10.24928/2019/0120}, affiliation={PhD Student, Department of Business Development at Aarhus University, Denmark, +4560133595, jon.lerche@btech.au.dk ; PhD Student, Department of Engineering at Aarhus University, Denmark, +4528791838, hn@eng.au.dk ; PhD, Department of Construction Management at Aalborg University, Denmark, +4553555919, kbp@exigo.dk ; Professor, Department of Engineering at Aarhus University, Denmark, +4541893216, swa@eng.au.dk ; Professor, Department of Business Development at Aarhus University, Denmark, +4561150219, agr@btech.au.dk }, abstract={The focus of this research in testing the applicability of location-based scheduling within the offshore oil and gas construction domain. The case investigated is a larger oil and gas field undergoing refurbishment in the Danish sector of the North Sea. The exploratory case study took a deductive approach by analyzing the existing location-based scheduling literature. The theoretical patterns allow testing the applicability of the theory in the offshore construction domain. Adapting the patterns from the construction context to the offshore oil and gas construction context. With the knowledge of why and how from a theoretical perspective, we analyzed the original oil & gas construction schedule which is based on critical path method. This analysis provides knowledge about how location-based scheduling is applicable from an industrial perspective. This paper contributes knowledge by testing the theory of location-based scheduling in the offshore oil and gas construction context. }, author_keywords={Job-sequencing, Location-Based Management System, Offshore, Oil and Gas, Work structuring }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Aslesen2019, author={Aslesen, Sigmund and Reff, Sigmund and Stordal, Espen }, editor={ }, title={How Long Does It Take to Build an Apartment?}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1309-1320}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1702}, doi={10.24928/2019/0236}, affiliation={Development Manager, Veidekke, Oslo, Norway, +47 922 18 492, sigmund.aslesen@veidekke.no ; Site Manager, Veidekke, Oslo, Norway, +47 414 63 193, sire@veidekke.no ; Project Manager, Veidekke, Oslo, Norway, +47 408 48 482, espen.stordal@veidekke.no }, abstract={This paper explores how long it takes to build an apartment. In our effort to answer the question, we concentrate on the inventory phase. The phase involves the completion of every apartment. It includes several trades, a significant number of tasks and a great deal of coordination, and spans from erecting the walls to installing and coupling of technical systems and to the finishing of kitchen, bathroom(s), doors and all surfaces. The paper is grounded in the research idea that to make construction more like manufacturing, we need to study it from a manufacturing viewpoint. Its starting point are the peculiarities of construction as emphasized by one-of-a-kind projects, site production, a temporary organization and intervention of regulatory authorities (Koskela 1992). While these particularities have played a fundamental role to understand the uniqueness of the construction building process, we argue in this paper to handle them with caution so that they do not hamper initiatives – and insights – based on the commonalities of the two types of production. In the paper, a preliminary analysis is carried out based on a housing project including 127 apartments, divided by four, four-to-six storey high blocks. Using the single apartment as the production unit, we outline certain assessments which we plan to test full-scale in a sizeable housing project including 342 apartments. The paper discusses the potential benefits of defining an apartment as the production unit, and how it may assist production knowing how long it takes to build an apartment. We conclude that to build an apartment in a more effective and less wasteful manner than today, we should think of it as more of a manufacturing than a construction process. }, author_keywords={Production planning and control, theory }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Serugga2019, author={Serugga, Joas and Kagioglou, Mike and Tzortzopoulos, Patricia }, editor={ }, title={A Predictive Method for Benefits Realisation Through Modelling Uncertainty in Front End Design}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1321-1332}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1703}, doi={10.24928/2019/0161}, affiliation={PhD Candidate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK, +44 7553231992, joas.serugga@hud.ac.uk ; Professor of Process Management, Art, Design and Architecture, School., Dean, Univ. of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK, +44 1484472289, m.kagioglou@hud.ac.uk ; Professor of Integrated Design, Architecture and 3D Design, Depart, Univ. of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK, +44 1484472281, p.tzortzopoulos@hud.ac.uk }, abstract={Many projects continue to fail to deliver intended benefits amid uncertainty in benefits realisation (BR) programs. This is more so in Front End Design (FED) where processes remain not only understudied but also informal yet reliant on knowledge sharing. As a result, there is an emergent need for new decision support tools to support benefits delivery processes. The paper addresses uncertainty with FED processes as a way of facilitating decision making as an enabler to benefits delivery of construction projects using uncertainty modelling. The paper adopts a Dempster-Shafer approach using probability theory. This is combined with Quality Function Deployment for user and design requirements capture and management. A conceptual model is suggested that forms a basis for future validation and evaluations in action research in various contexts. The Paper introduces a novel approach to uncertainty modelling in FED to support decision making. The Dempster-Shafer Bayesian based approach also contributes to new ways for capturing contextual influences to benefits realisation. }, author_keywords={Benefits Realisation, Dempster-Shafer Theory, Uncertainty Modelling }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Sahadevan2019, author={Sahadevan, Vijayalaxmi and Varghese, Koshy }, editor={ }, title={AHP and CBA Application to Layout Design: A Case of Classroom Layout Assessment}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1333-1344}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1704}, doi={10.24928/2019/0256}, affiliation={Doctoral Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Building Technology and Construction Management, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, svijaya16@gmail.com ; Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Building Technology and Construction Management, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, koshy@iitm.ac.in }, abstract={Arriving at a consensus in design decisions is challenging owing to the presence of diverse and multidisciplinary stakeholders with multiple design objectives. The literature on AEC design decision making have reported Analytic Hierarchy Process and Choosing by Advantages as two commonly used multi-criteria decision-making techniques for evaluation of design alternatives. However, the existing literature has mainly focused on choosing between material or technology and the comparison of the two techniques to assess the suitability for their application to non-spatial aspects of AEC design problem. The current work seeks to investigate the suitability of CBA and AHP to a layout design problem. A decision-making exercise involving a hypothetical case of evaluation of three classroom layouts was conducted. A set of criteria for design evaluation which was derived based on a previous study on stakeholder design values was used in the exercise. Conclusions were drawn based on the operationalization of the two techniques rather than a direct comparison of the results obtained from the two techniques. The findings from the study indicate that CBA aids in defining a robust set of design criteria, sub-criteria and attributes and facilitates a collaborative decision-making process. On the other hand, AHP provides a structured approach for eliciting individual participant judgments. The benefits and limitations with respect to the operationalization of the two techniques are discussed in detail. }, author_keywords={Choosing by advantage (CBA), set based design (SBD), analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and target value design (TVD) }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Perez2019, author={Perez, Catalina and Arroyo, Paz }, editor={ }, title={Designing Municipal Waste Management Programs Using Choosing by Advantages and Design Structure Matrix}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1345-1368}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1705}, doi={10.24928/2019/0194}, affiliation={Master Student, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile ; DPR Quality Leader, San Francisco, CA, PazA@dpr.com. and Adjunct Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile }, abstract={Designing public environmental policies is not an easy task. Decision makers must consider multiple social, environmental and economic aspects in order to achieve sustainable solutions. They must also manage interrelated information and preferences of different stakeholders to ensure that the policy suits the community and accomplishes its goals. This research study focused on analyzing the design process of environmental public policies using the Choosing by Advantages (CBA) decision system integrated with Design Structure Matrix (DSM) to make complex decisions. A case study involving the redesign of a waste collection program was conducted, where three complex decisions were made using the CBA method. Researchers proposed using DSM to decrease negative iterations by finding the optimal order of decisions. Using DSM helped to decrease the number of iteration loops, and document the assumptions to make the process more transparent. Future work should measure the impacts of using CBA together with DSM to make decisions in the formulation process of public environmental policies. }, author_keywords={Waste, choosing by advantages, design structure matrix, negative iteration, sustainability }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Ding2019, author={Ding, Xiaosu and Parish, Kristen }, editor={ }, title={A Proposed Lean Decision-Making Process for Building Energy Retrofits}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1357-1366}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1706}, doi={10.24928/2019/0235}, affiliation={Master Student, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, +1 602 545 4021, xding16@asu.edu ; Associate Professor, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, Kristen.Parrish@asu.edu }, abstract={Buildings are one of the largest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions and, in the United States, they are the largest energy users. To combat these emissions, policy makers suggest retrofitting older buildings to achieve better energy performance. (The authors define retrofit as any changes to an existing building that improve the building’s ability to perform or extend the building’s life.) Despite consensus that buildings should be retrofit, building owners may struggle to identify how to retrofit their building. This paper addresses this gap by providing a proposed lean process, rooted in Choosing by Advantages (CBA), for selecting among potential energy retrofit options. In this paper, the authors present the energy retrofit decision-making process recommended by the U.S. Department of Energy and compare it to those used in practice on case studies completed in the last five years. The authors identified two shortcomings in the implemented processes: first, the decision-making processes only consider the designers’ perspective on energy and cost savings with little involvement from other stakeholders, and thus, they may ignore the needs, desires, and opinions of others with non-design backgrounds; second, these processes consider more design alternatives than may be realistic for a building owner given budget and schedule constraints. To make the process leaner, the authors propose a new energy retrofit decisionmaking process, rooted in CBA, that addresses the previously-identified shortcomings. This process involves more stakeholders in the decision-making process. Moreover, this process helps decision-makers focus on the most promising design alternatives, thereby supporting better use of time and increased likelihood of a successful retrofit. }, author_keywords={Building energy retrofit, multi-criteria decision making, choosing by advantage (C BA), design science, work flow }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Hentschke2019, author={Hentschke, Cynthia S. and Amorim, Luciana G. and Formoso, Carlos T. and Tzortzopoulos, Patricia and Echeveste, Marcia E. S. }, editor={ }, title={Connections Between Mass Customisation Practices in Housing and Lean Production}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1369-1380}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1707}, doi={10.24928/2019/0267}, affiliation={Ph.D. Candidate, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, email: cynthiahentschke@gmail.com ; M.Sc., Postgraduate Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, email: lugheller@gmail.com ; Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, email: formoso@ufrgs.br ; Professor, Associate Dean for research and Enterprise, School of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Huddersfiled, UK, email: p.tzortzopoulos@hud.ac.uk ; Professor, Postgraduate Program in Industrial Engineering (PPGEP), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, email: echeveste@producao.ufrgs.br }, abstract={The understanding of customers’ needs and preferences in housing is complex. In order to respond to this, housing companies should be able to offer a higher product variety while ensuring cost effectiveness. Mass customisation (MC) has been suggested as an effective strategy for balancing the fulfilment of clients’ needs and at the same time keep costs and delivery time within acceptable limits. Several MC practices have been associated to Lean Production (LP), such as reducing lead time, increasing value by systematically capturing customer requirements, and increasing output flexibility. The aim of this paper is to identify a set of MC practices in housebuilding, discuss their underlying concepts and principles, exploring their connections to LP. The identification of common concepts and principles between LP and MC can support the definition of the MC strategy for housing companies and also the adaptation of best practices to different organisational contexts. Results are based on a literature review and a case study developed with a Brazilian house-building company. The main contribution is better understanding trade-offs between productivity and flexibility with the aim of improving value generation in housing projects. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, mass customisation, housing }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Koskela2019, author={Koskela, Lauri and Tezel, Algan and Patel, Viranj }, editor={ }, title={Theory of Quality Management: Its Origins and History}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1381-1390}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1708}, doi={10.24928/2019/0259}, affiliation={Professor, Department of Architecture and 3D Design, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK, +44 1484 472892, l.koskela@hud.ac.uk ; Senior Lecturer, Department of Architecture and 3D Design, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK, +44 1484 472939, a.tezel@hud.ac.uk ; Research Assistant, Department of Architecture and 3D Design, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK, +44 7459359697, viranjkumar@gmail.com }, abstract={Purpose: Determination of the theoretical and philosophical foundations of quality management, as they have evolved and changed over time. Methodology/Approach: Conceptual and historical. Findings: At the origin of the quality movement, Shewhart defined quality through an account of production (later called value generation theory), and suggested the scientific model (later to be named as Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle, PDCA) as the epistemology for improving quality. Somewhat later, Deming recommended ideas falling into process ontology as applicable in the quality context. These prescriptions were not presented in terms of theory, epistemology or ontology but through examples. Perhaps partly for that reason, in subsequent developments these prescriptions were often forgotten or rejected. Especially, the ISO standard for quality management rediscovered the original PDCA epistemology only in 2015. Thus, the degeneration of the original theoretical and philosophical foundation seems to be one of the longstanding problems in the area of quality. On the other hand, it has turned out that the value generation theory of production is a partial theory. As the success of the lean movement indicates, production should also be seen through the flow theory. The achievement of quality can, for its part, also be explained through this flow theory of production. However, there has been very little theoretical work both regarding production and quality, and thus the integration of theories on production has not been achieved. Lacking theoretical evolution is another long-standing problem that arguably has hindered the progress of quality. Research implication: The findings call for a sustained effort to explicate and develop the theoretical and philosophical foundation of quality management. Originality/Value of paper: It is widely perceived that quality as a managerial focus has lost its attraction in the last two decades. In this presentation, the argument that weaknesses of the theoretical and philosophical foundation of quality have contributed to this lack of attraction is forwarded. }, author_keywords={Quality management, production, theory, ontology, epistemology. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Drevland2019, author={Drevland, Frode and Klakegg, Ole Jonny }, editor={ }, title={Developing a Conceptual Model for Value Delivery in Value Shop Configured Construction Projects}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1391-1402}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1709}, doi={10.24928/2019/0262}, affiliation={Assistant Professor, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 920 64 262, frode.drevland@ntnu.no ; Professor, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, ole.jonny.klakegg@ntnu.no }, abstract={Value configuration is a term from the business literature that describes how companies are rigged for delivering value. The paper argues that modern day construction projects adheres to a value shop configuration rather than a value chain configuration. Where the focus of the value chain is the transformation of inputs into products, the focus of the value shop is to (re)solve customer problems. The main theoretical foundation of Lean Construction for understanding value delivery is the Transformation-Flow-Value (TFV) theory of production. While this provides a solid basis and model for understanding value delivery in value chain configured construction projects, it comes up short with regards to value shop configured projects. The paper presents a newly developed conceptual model for the value delivery in value shop configured construction projects, and shows how it can be beneficial vis-à-vis the TFV theory with regards to understanding the fundamentals of value delivery in value shop configured construction projects }, author_keywords={Lean construction, theory, value delivery }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Tommelein2019, author={Tommelein, Iris D. }, editor={ }, title={Principles of Mistakeproofing and Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ)}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1401-1412}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1710}, doi={10.24928/2019/0129}, affiliation={Professor, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Director of the Project Production Systems Laboratory (p2sl.berkeley.edu), Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, +1 510 643-8678, tommelein@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-6596 }, abstract={To err is human but people can design and make systems that are less error-prone, and more fail-safe and defect-free than many are today. One such lean design practice is called mistakeproofing (poke yoke). It is integral to the Toyota Production System and successfully practiced in numerous industry sectors. Mistakeproofing is not as widelynor as intentionally practiced in the Architecture-Engineering-Construction (AEC) industry as it could be. To promote conceptual understanding and adoption, this paper presents 6 mistakeproofing principles. To further spur innovative mistakeproofing practices, it also presents the 40 principles of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). Mistakeproofing examples from the AEC industry demonstrate how these two sets of principles can be directly linked to rationalize existing mistakeproofing practices and, in addition, to potentially design “innovative” ones. As such, this paper supports the drive for industry innovation in developing products and processes of greater quality and thereby contribute to construction industry performance improvement. }, author_keywords={visual management, mistakeproofing (mistake-proofing, mistake proofing), error proofing, poka yoke, Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, TRIZ }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Fernandes2019, author={Fernandes, Luara L. A. and Rocha, Mércurie J. and Costa, Dayana B. }, editor={ }, title={Prediction of Environmental Performance Indicators for Construction Sites Based on Artificial Neural Networks}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1413-1424}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1711}, doi={10.24928/2019/0248}, affiliation={MSc Student, Civil Engineering Post Graduation Program, Federal University of Bahia, BA, 40210-630, BRA, luara.fernandes@gmail.com ; PhD Student, Civil Engineering Post Graduation Program, Federal University of Bahia, BA, 40210-630, BRA, mercurie_janeai@hotmail.com ; Associate Professor, School of Engineering, Department of Structural and Construction Engineering, Federal University of Bahia, BA, 40210-630, BRA, dayanabcosta@ufba.br }, abstract={The construction sector still contributes on a major scale to negative impacts on the environment, but it is aware of its responsibility for sustainability in the life cycle of a building. The sector has been using performance measurement, specifically environmental indicators, to monitor and manage its impacts. However, managers have not been using the monitored indicators for any managerial decision because they do not have benchmarks to establish performance targets and evaluate their results. This research is an experimental study that aims to develop an equation for the prediction of environmental performance indicators based on the construction progress. For the development of the study, a database of 15 construction sites in Brazil concerning three environmental indicators (water consumption, energy consumption and construction waste generation) established by the PBQP-H (The Brazilian Program for Quality and Productivity in Habitat) was used. The developed software was written in Python language and the model was built with the use of Artificial Neural Networks. From the application of the resulting equations, managers can obtain a benchmark based on the construction progress in which the building is and promote improvements in their environmental performance as well as use such information in the planning stage. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, sustainability, waste, construction management, performance measurement }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Mariz2019, author={Mariz, Renato N. and Galvao, Eduardo L. and Picchi, Flavio A. and Melo, Reymard S.S. and Barcelos, Marcela C.B. }, editor={ }, title={Daily Management Application in a Dam Construction Project}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1425-1434}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1712}, doi={10.24928/2019/0193}, affiliation={PhD student, Construction Management Research Laboratory (LAGERCON); University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and lean consultant, Lean Institute Brazil; rmariz@lean.org.br ; Ms.C, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and lean consultant, Lean Institute Brazil; elavocat@lean.org.br ; Associated Professor, Construction Management Research Laboratory (LAGERCON); Department of Architecture and Building, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design; University of Campinas, Brazil (UNICAMP), and President, Lean Institute Brazil; fpicchi@lean.org.br ; Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Dept., Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil, smelo@ct.ufrn.br ; Planning engineer , Construtora Ápia, MG, Brazil marcela.borges@grupoapia.com.br }, abstract={Brazilian construction companies have sought lean thinking to increase competitiveness in the sector. The initial step for lean implementation is to stabilize the project production system. Many lean tools have been applied to stabilize production, however daily managemet is a lean practice that has been implemented in manufacturing and has little application in the construction. This paper aims to explore daily management in the construction context and evaluate the results of its implementation. Action research was the research method adopted. The research lasted three months and was conducted in three stages: the first for preparation, the second for the implementation cycles and the final for analysis and conclusions. The application evaluated the four fundamental elements of daily management: visual management, teamwork problem solving, help chain, and leadership. Daily management implementation facilitated decision-making and problems were solved more often and in a more structured way with the help chain. Visual boards helped the managers to see the production and productivity deviations. Meeting routines provided a more present leadership in the field and a spirit of team collaboration. The main results of the research were the reduction of project costs, project completion on time and increased project team commitment. }, author_keywords={Daily management, daily huddle, visual management, action learning/research }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Rodríguez2019, author={Rodríguez, María Guadalupe Mandujano }, editor={ }, title={Integration of Historic Building Information Modeling and Valuation Approaches for Managing Cultural Heritage Sites}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1433-1444}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1713}, doi={10.24928/2019/0253}, affiliation={CEO, MARO Consulting, Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, Mexico. E-mail: info@maroconsulting.mx }, abstract={In this study, a methodology for quantifying the historical value of the Cathedral of Christ the King, in the municipality of Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, Mexico, was developed through application of historic building information modeling (HBIM) and conventional valuation methods. Despite many studies having been undertaken around the world, there remains a gap in that elucidating and unifying the relationship between HBIM and valuation is still difficult. The methodology developed in this study combined and used information captured via a Leica ScanStation C10 laser scanner, a drone, and a 360° camera. Various software programs were then used to combine the images with the scan data. HBIM facilitated automatic and accurate quantification of the amount of materials used to build the cathedral. A significant finding was that the use of HBIM enables a valuation to be obtained immediately. While the results must be regarded as being exploratory, they provide interesting insights into the synergy between HBIM and historical valuation. Another critical point is that this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study to link HBIM with a valuation. }, author_keywords={Cultural heritage, historic building information modelling (HBIM), valuation, collaboration, commitment. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Álvares2019, author={Álvares, Juliana Sampaio and Costa, Dayana Bastos }, editor={ }, title={Construction Progress Monitoring Using Unmanned Aerial System and 4D BIM}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1445-1456}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1714}, doi={10.24928/2019/0165}, affiliation={Civil Engineer, Master’s Student, Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Brazil, alvares.juliana@hotmail.com ; Associate Professor, Engineering School, Department of Structural and Construction Engineering, Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Brazil, dayanabcosta@ufba.br }, abstract={Construction progress monitoring may help for an efficient management process as planned. Studies have proposed the use of visual data technologies; however, little has yet been done for the development and implementation of methods for integrating such technologies into construction management routine. This study aims to implement and evaluate the proposed method for systematic visual progress monitoring integrating into the production planning and control process, supported by 4D BIM, photogrammetric 3D mapping using Unmanned Arial System imagery, and performance indicators. The proposed method was implemented for 20 weeks in a case study on a construction project. The data collection included construction site 3D mapping generation, visual comparison of 4D BIM and 3D mapping status, measurement of performance indicators, and structured interviews. The evaluation focused on the following research constructs: compliance with the planned goals, impact on the construction progress deviations, transparency, and collaboration. The main findings indicate an improved integration of progress analysis and decision-making, improvement of progress deviations’ identification, and allowed for better compliance with planned goals and increased transparency and collaboration. The main contribution of this work is a better understanding of the impact and added value of the new information flow provided by using the proposed method. }, author_keywords={Construction progress monitoring, Visual management, 3D mapping, Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), 4D Building Information Modeling (BIM) }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Murguia2019, author={Murguia, Danny }, editor={ }, title={Factors Influencing the Use of Last Planner System Methods: An Empirical Study in Peru}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1457-1468}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1715}, doi={10.24928/2019/0224}, affiliation={Assistant Professor, Department of Engineering, Division of Civil Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, dmurguia@pucp.pe }, abstract={The Last Planner System™ (LPS) is a collaborative production and control system that has been implemented by some contractors in Peru in the last two decades. However, the full potential of its implementation has not been totally achieved. The aim of this research is to identify the most prominent factors that dictate the level of use of LPS methods. To achieve this objective, a survey was designed using variables found in previous research and informed by interviews with LPS experts. Ninety-five site engineers responded to the questionnaire. Data was analysed using reliability analysis and multiple linear regression. It was found that ‘Trained staff’, ‘Good Decision-Making’, and ‘Commitment’ are the factors with the highest scores. Nevertheless, ‘Integration and Communication,’ and ‘LPSknowledge’ were found to be important to bring the successful implementation of LPS methods whilst ‘Resistance to Change’ and the ‘firm size’ constraint implementation. The findings suggest that ‘Integration and Communication’, ‘LPS-knowledge’, and ‘Resistance to Change’ are not independent factors, thus, the need to explore second-order factors influencing their variability. Such dependency could be found at the firm and institutional levels. Further research can be extended to the development of a prescriptive model for LPS implementation in construction firms. }, author_keywords={Last planner system, methods, onsite, facilitators, barriers }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Li2019, author={Li, Shuquan and Fan, Meng and Wu, Xiuyu }, editor={ }, title={Lean Construction Techniques and Individual Performance}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1469-1478}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1716}, doi={10.24928/2019/0136}, affiliation={Professor, Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Management Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, 25 Zhujiang Rd, Hexi District, TianJin, China. E-mail: lsq200612@126.com ; Ph.D. Student, Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Management Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, 25 Zhujiang Rd, Hexi District, TianJin, China (corresponding author). E-mail: fanmeng_0425@163.com ; LectureR, Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Management Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, 25 Zhujiang Rd, Hexi District, TianJin, China. E-mail: xywu2014@126.com }, abstract={The adoption of lean construction techniques in construction industry can eliminate waste and increase profit, and this paper is to test the maturity of implementation of lean construction tools in construction project, as well as the impact of lean construction tools on individual performance. In this research, five widely used lean construction techniques were selected (Last Planner system (LPS), visualization tool, six step plan(6S), Just-in-time (JIT) and Total quality management (TQM)), and individual performance was divided into two dimensions: task performance and contextual performance. The data collection methods included interviews and questionnaires, and the data analyzed via SPSS software. The results showed that the highest maturity implementation of lean construction tools in the investigated projects was TQM, had positive impact on individual performance, while LPS was the lowest maturity tool and had least impact on individual performance; for task performance, 6S was the most effective technique, and for contextual performance, the most effective tool was visualization tool. This study provides theoretical support and guidance for construction enterprises to select lean construction techniques to improve individual performance. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, individual performance, maturity, technique, implementation }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Oliva2019, author={Oliva, Carolina Asensio and Granja, Ariovaldo Denis }, editor={ }, title={Target Value Design in Real Estate Market: A Conceptual Map Model}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1479-1492}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1717}, doi={10.24928/2019/0273}, affiliation={PHD Architect - Former student of the University of Campinas, SP, Brazil. Contact email: carol_oliva@yahoo.com.br ; PHD Professor, Construction Management Research Laboratory (LAGERCON), Department of Architecture and Construction, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.. Contact email: adgranja@fec.unicamp.br. }, abstract={The Target Value Design (TVD) approach has been successfully used mainly in healthcare projects, delivering products with higher added value in the users´perspectives, and mainting the projects targets and stakeholders expectations under control. However, the use of this approach in other contexts, such as the real estate market, has been little explored. Therefore, there is an opportunity to deepen the discussion of the adoption of the current TVD benchmark in the real estate market. For these reasons, this work sought to (i) elaborate a conceptual map with the elements of the TVD, offering a graphic and visual insight to ease the integration of concepts and its associations, as well as classifying concepts, tools, catalysts, and ii) insert, in this Conceptual Map, particular externalities of the real estate market context through the methodological approach of Design Science Research. In this way, this work contributes to a discussion of the adoption of the TVD in other contexts, bringing an organization of the practices from its original benchmark. }, author_keywords={Target Value Design; Conceptual Map, Real Estate }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Salam2019, author={Salam, Mona and Forsythe, Perry and Killen, Catherine }, editor={ }, title={Exploring Interdisciplinary Collaboration in the Detailed Design Phase of Construction Projects}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={761-772}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1718}, doi={10.24928/2019/0149}, affiliation={PhD Candidate, School of Built Environment, University of Technology Sydney, Australia, Mona.AbdAl-Salam@uts.edu.au ; Professor, School of Built Environment, University of Technology Sydney, Australia, Perry.Forsythe@uts.edu.au ; Associate Professor, School of Built Environment, University of Technology Sydney, Australia, Catherine.Killen@uts.edu.au }, abstract={The foundation for successful collaboration in the detailed design phase of construction projects is aligning the knowledge and views of designers and contractors. In such design development meetings, architects, consultants, main contractor, subcontractors, and client representatives face several challenges in moving from conceptual designs to a documented set of shop drawings. This phase represents the peak of participants’ interactions including exploring and refining design solutions, explaining and reflecting on each other’s ideas and concerns, and negotiating design and cost decisions. Collaboration is often presented in the literature as practices that provide the platform for successful interaction and the achieved outcomes, but with minimal concern about actual interactive processes. Theoretically, collaboration has been studied from a variety of perspectives grouped into normative and practice-based approaches that have enhanced the research field at the inter-organisational macro-level, but there is no consensus on a framework to measure collaboration empirically in the field. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the common themes describing interdisciplinary collaboration in the literature and develop a framework explaining the conceptual relationship between them. The proposed framework provides a preliminary step towards understanding the dynamic nature and stages of the interdisciplinary collaboration in the detailed design phase. }, author_keywords={Collaboration, lean construction, detailed design, interdisciplinary teams }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Engebø2019, author={Engebø, Atle and Skatvedt, Åsmund and Torp, Olav }, editor={ }, title={Soft Elements in Collaborative Project Delivery Methods}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={773-784}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1719}, doi={10.24928/2019/0192}, affiliation={PhD Candidate, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 90571902, atle.engebo@ntnu.no ; Msc. Civil Engineering, Aase Prosjekt., Oslo, Norway, ; Associate Professor, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Olav.Torp@ntnu.no }, abstract={Lean construction seeks to improve project performance through maximizing value and reducing waste. As a way of improving project performance, collaborative project delivery methods have been presented as a potential solution. The foundation of collaborative PDM is that they seek to align all participants to well understood and agreed on project goals. However, collaborative PDM is more person-dependent than traditional delivery methods. Hence, this paper aims to increase this understanding of soft elements in collaborative PDMs. A qualitative case study was chosen for exploring the phenomena of soft elements in collaborative PDMs. The combination of literature, documents, and interviews was selected as the basis for data collection. The study has identified that collaborative PDM imposes specific demands upon project managers and owner’s representatives and that formal elements have a significant impact on the soft elements in the project. Soft elements need to be viewed in light of the delivery method, and as indicators of the continuous relationship between members of the project organisation. Therefore, soft elements such as Top management support, Trust, Shared goals and motivation, Attaining the right people, Openness/transparency were all identified as necessary for such an approach to be successful. A critical success factor for soft elements lies in whether the management has enough resources to continuously follow-up. Especially in regards to which elements being implemented and nourished. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, culture & people, soft elements, collaboration, project delivery methods }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Tvedt2019, author={Tvedt, Ida M. }, editor={ }, title={A Conceptual Exploration of a Collaborative Environment in the Construction Industry When Working With Temporary Socio-Technical Processes}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={785-796}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1720}, doi={10.24928/2019/0159}, affiliation={Ph.D. Candidate, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 907 94 32, ida.m.tvedt@ntnu.no }, abstract={Previous research on construction projects showed that low productivity characterizes the construction industry, repeatedly explained in terms of the industry’s complex and fragmented nature. However, few studies have approached the production problem in terms of the entire industry. This paper consequently elaborates on the challenges and the importance of a collaborative environment in the construction industry because construction is complex, with the main operations produced within temporary and socio-technical systems. Through a conceptual exploration, this paper combines theories on networks, boundaries, open systems, and loose and tight couplings to assesses the consequences of temporality and how integrated project delivery (IPD) tighten couplings in the industry. Finding show that because projects are temporary, they challenge the multilevel connections of networks needed for the industry’s evolution to become more productive. However, theories on open systems and tight and loose couplings indicate that IPD enable a cooperative network environment. Thus, the boundaries of cooperative delivery models will enable a stronger link between change and process, industry and projects, needed for a socio-technical process in construction. }, author_keywords={Collaboration, time compression, loose and tight couplings, socio-technical systems, integrated project delivery (IPD) }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Schöttle2019, author={Schöttle, Annett and Christensen, Randi and Arroyo, Paz }, editor={ }, title={Does Choosing by Advantages Promote Inclusiveness in Group Decision-Making?}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={797-808}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1721}, doi={10.24928/2019/0209}, affiliation={Senior Consultant, Refine Projects AG, Schelmenwasenstraße 34, 70567 Stuttgart, Germany, +4915156561529, annett.schoettle@refineprojects.com and Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, www.collabdecisions.com. ; Lean Manager, Lower Thames Crossing, COWI, UK, RMCH@cowi.com and Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, www.collabdecisions.com. ; DPR Quality Leader, San Francisco, CA, PazA@dpr.com, and Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, www.collabdecisions.com. }, abstract={In a construction project, decisions should be made by the team member or group which is best prepared to handle the decision. Often this is not the case due to hierarchical structures, time pressure and a lack of trust. Previous work showed that a significant number of female Lean practitioners found their ideas and input were not taken seriously. Empowering people in an organization and in the field means to include them in the decision-making process. Choosing by Advantages (CBA) is a structured multi-criteria decision-making method that bases decisions on the importance of advantages among different alternatives. In CBA advantages are anchored to relevant facts, so decision-makers can make a sound and inclusive decision. In previous work it was reported that CBA is transparent and traceable for people not involved in the decision-making process. In conclusion, the authors found evidence that CBA promotes inclusiveness to overcome groupthink and promotes psychological safety, but no direct evidence was found to overcome gender bias. }, author_keywords={Choosing by advantages, collaboration, decision-making, inclusiveness, psychological safety. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Willis2019, author={Willis, David and Alves, Thais da C. L. }, editor={ }, title={Contracting for Collaboration in Construction}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={809-818}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1722}, doi={10.24928/2019/0222}, affiliation={Former graduate student, Department of Civil, Constr. & Env. Eng., San Diego State University, David.W.Willis@outlook.com ; Associate Professor, J.R. Filanc Construction Engineering and Management Program, Department of Civil, Constr. & Env. Eng., San Diego State University, talves@sdsu.edu }, abstract={Construction contracts represent instruments that bind project participants together to deliver a project. The industry still uses delivery methods and related contracts that are more traditional in nature, e.g., design-bid-build (DBB), and promote a sequential design and construction process, which allows for little to no collaboration between project participants. Over the past 25 years, more collaborative delivery methods (e.g., Design-Build) have gained more adopters, and been touted as the solution to problems of the construction industry. The promotion of more collaborative environments stands front and center as a solution to the industry problems by promoting, via contractual terms, collaborative behaviors and processes. This study investigates the language of construction contracts by identifying keywords commonly associated with collaboration and comparing the incidence of these keywords in contracts for different delivery methods. Results indicate that DBB contracts have few to no mentions of collaborative words, standing to no surprise that DBB environments are less collaborative in nature. In contrast, Integrated Project Delivery contracts not only use keywords associated with collaboration, but actually employ them in clauses to promote collaborative behaviors and environments. }, author_keywords={Contracts, collaboration, language, delivery systems. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Dallasega2019, author={Dallasega, Patrick and Revolti, Andrea and Follini, Camilla and Schimanski, Christoph Paul and Matt, Dominik Tobias }, editor={ }, title={BIM-Based Construction Progress Measurement of Non-Repetitive HVAC Installation Works }, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={819-830}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1723}, doi={10.24928/2019/0152}, affiliation={Assistant Professor, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, patrick.dallasega@unibz.it ; Research Assistant, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, andrea.revolti@unibz.it ; Research Associate, Fraunhofer Italia Research, Bolzano, Italy, camilla.follini@fraunhofer.it ; PhD Candidate, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, ChristophPaul.Schimanski@natec.unibz.it; Research Associate, Fraunhofer Italia Research, Bolzano, Italy, christoph.schimanski@fraunhofer.it ; Head of Fraunhofer Italia, Fraunhofer Italia Research, Bolzano, Italy, dominik.matt@fraunhofer.it; Full Professor, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, dominik.matt@unibz.it }, abstract={Construction projects are often delivered over time and over budget. Deviations are often identified only during the finishing stages when improvement actions to recover from delays become limited. Building Information Modeling (BIM) will transform the construction industry to come in line with more digitally developed industries like manufacturing. However, up to now, BIM has been mainly used to support the information flow of the construction design process and limited effort has been invested to investigate how it could support the management of the construction execution process. The paper shows how BIM can be used to schedule and monitor non-repetitive construction tasks. The proposed approach shows how important information needed for scheduling (like the number of pieces to be installed in a certain location) could be extracted from the BIM model. Moreover, it shows how BIM could support a quantitative monitoring of the reached progress and how this information can be displayed in an intuitive way to the user. The approach was developed during the project COCkPiT (Collaborative Construction Process Management) and especially by collaborating with a Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) company using as a case study a medium sized hospital construction project located in Northern Italy. }, author_keywords={BIM, lean construction, progress monitoring, non-repetitive, visual management }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Dror2019, author={Dror, Erez and Zhao, Jianyu and Sacks, Rafael and Seppänen, Olli }, editor={ }, title={Indoor Tracking of Construction Workers Using BLE: Mobile Beacons and Fixed Gateways vs. Fixed Beacons and Mobile Gateways}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={831-842}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1724}, doi={10.24928/2019/0154}, affiliation={MSc graduate, Faculty of Civil and Enviromental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa Israel, +972 54 717 0019, erezdror@gmail.com ; Doctoral candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo Finland, +358 50 3394574, jianyu.zhao@aalto.fi ; Professor, Faculty of Civil and Enviromental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa Israel, +972 4 829 3190, cvsacks@technion.ac.il ; Professor of Practice, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo Finland, +358 50 368 0412, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi }, abstract={Automatic resource location monitoring in construction projects empowers managers to make data driven decisions that improve project workflow. Monitoring data can be processed to measure workflow quality and thus for better understanding of effectiveness and efficiency. We compare two methods for deployment of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons for indoor resource monitoring - mobile beacons and fixed gateways (MB) vs. fixed beacons and mobile gateways (FB). BLE beacons can be fixed to walls or carried by workers, and can be fixed to material containers and equipment. Using gateways, such as raspberry pi computers or smartphones, one can easily and automatically monitor resource locations. Several field experiments were conducted, both in the laboratory and in construction sites in Finland, Israel, Peru, Netherlands and China. Technical aspects such as setup, direct cost, feasibility and accuracy were compared for two methods - mobile beacons and fixed gateways vs. fixed beacons and mobile gateways - and the performance of each method in providing the data needed for lean construction workflow assessment was assessed. Both methods are effective in monitoring resource locations but differ in their feasibility of implementation in construction sites and in the utility of the data they provide in terms of identifying value adding activities. }, author_keywords={Gateways, beacons, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), lean construction, waste, situational awareness, indoor positioning }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{von Heyl2019, author={von Heyl, Jakob and Demir, Selim-Tugra }, editor={ }, title={Digitizing Lean Construction With Building Information Modeling}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={843-852}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1725}, doi={10.24928/2019/0122}, affiliation={Managing Director, LCM Digital GmbH, Bundesallee 39-40a, 10717 Berlin, Germany, jakob.vonheyl@lcmdigital.com (www.lcmdigital.com) ; Head of Lean-Design and -Construction, fischer Consulting GmbH, Klaus-Fischer-Straße 1, 72178 Waldachtal, Germany, selim-tugra.demir@fischer.consulting (www.fischer.consulting) }, abstract={Construction projects are becoming more complex due to tighter project schedules, increasing cost and quality pressures and associated continuous change during the execution phase. Technical requirements are also increasing, and division of work between the various technical experts involved is highly fragmented. This results in construction projects with unreliable schedules, cost overruns and defects resulting from the lack of coordination on site. Lean Construction Management (LCM) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) are possible solutions to these challenges. In the past, these two methodological approaches have normally been used independently of each other. The combined implementation of the two methodologies requires the highly systematic setup of project structures, processes and data. This results in huge demand for computing and automation solutions to facilitate and support this synthesis. This paper reports on the implementation of a digital LCM approach. The use of QR codes, Kanban cards and daily meetings demonstrates a new platform to add value to the BIM model and to construction site collaboration. Case study data from five pilot projects – as well as images and workshop findings – are presented and discussed, and the successes achieved and the challenges remaining are examined. }, author_keywords={Lean Construction Management (LCM), Building Information Modelling (BIM), LCM Digital }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Brown2019, author={Brown, Ryan and Barkokebas, Beda and Ritter, Chelsea and Al-Hussein, Mohamed }, editor={ }, title={Predicting Performance Indicators Using BIM and Simulation for a Wall Assembly Line}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={853-862}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1726}, doi={10.24928/2019/0250}, affiliation={M.Sc. Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, rabrown@ualberta.ca ; PhD Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, barkokebas@ualberta.ca ; PhD Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, critter1@ualberta.ca ; Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, mohameda@ualberta.ca }, abstract={Off-site home construction allows for the construction of building components to be completed in an off-site facility. The floors, walls, and roof are constructed on separate production lines, then shipped together to site for installation. This type of home construction presents a good opportunity to utilize lean manufacturing principles allied with simulation methods to better industrialize the home building process. This paper presents a case study of a well-known panelized residential home manufacturer, where the focus is the wall assembly line. Multiple key performance indicators (KPIs) are calculated in order to forecast production for each project and key result indicators (KRIs) are used to predict the outcomes of multiple projects. The predicted performance indicators are found through a simulation model of the production line using quantity take-offs extracted from BIM models. The analysis of these performance indicators will be used to evaluate project feasibility when the project is built in an off-site construction facility. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, off-site construction, performance indicators, computer simulation, variability. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Lota12019, author={Lota1, Paramjit Singh and Trivedi, Jyoti }, editor={ }, title={Site Layout Planning Through BIM Visualisation – A Case Study}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={865-876}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1727}, doi={10.24928/2019/0203}, affiliation={Masters Student, M.Tech. Construction Engineering and Management, Faculty of Technology, CEPT University, Ahmedabad - 380009, India, +919619057645, paramjit.lota.mcem17@cept.ac.in ; Assistant Professor, Faculty of Technology, CEPT University, Ahmedabad - 380009, India, +919925009609, jyoti@cept.ac.in }, abstract={Site layout planning is a critical factor for the successful execution of any construction project. As cities develop, site logistics becomes an essential planning aspect for any construction project. Project sites in tight neighbourhoods lead to not just space constraints but also challenges to approach, material handling, and pollution control. Site layout planning has been in practice in the industry, however, limited to a traditional approach of a pre-construction assignment, rather than a dynamic system to analyse construction sites in terms of both space and time. Material handling and delays related to waiting for materials add to a considerable amount of waste during the execution of projects. The paper here explores minimisation of wastes on construction sites, as defined by Lean Construction, using a BIM model highlighting the construction site layout planning to visualise the various aspects of space constraints, access routes, safety considerations, and a visual approach to progress monitoring and reporting. The research follows a case study analysis to develop an understanding of the present scenario, based on which a proposed scenario has been developed to elaborate on the improvements. The paper concludes with a summary of wastes observed and minimised, along with benefits observed through BIM implementation. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, site layout planning, site logistics, building information modeling (BIM), and BIM visualisation. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Schimanski2019, author={Schimanski, Christoph Paul and Monizza, Gabriele Pasetti and Marcher, Carmen and Matt, Dominik T. }, editor={ }, title={Conceptual Foundations for a New Lean Bim-Based Production System in Construction}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={877-888}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1728}, doi={10.24928/2019/0106}, affiliation={PhD Cand., Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, christophpaul.schimanski@natec.unibz.it; Research Associate, Fraunhofer Italia Research, Bolzano, Italy, christoph.schimanski@fraunhofer.it ; Research Associate, Fraunhofer Italia Research, Bolzano, Italy, christoph.schimanski@fraunhofer.it ; PhD Cand., Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, christophpaul.schimanski@natec.unibz.it; Research Associate, Fraunhofer Italia Research, Bolzano, Italy, christoph.schimanski@fraunhofer.it ; Head of Fraunhofer Italia, Fraunhofer Italia Research, Bolzano, Italy; Full Professor, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy }, abstract={This paper presents a new lean BIM-based production system to face productivity deficiencies in construction. To prove whether the current situation can be improved, the aforesaid production system is designed to assess the hypothesis that a true integration of BIM functionalities with the Last Planner System will contribute to a more efficient project delivery. Although beneficial synergies of BIM and Lean have been widely described and acknowledged in research, previous work has not fully addressed the stated hypothesis, since it has only provided frameworks on how to use BIM and the Last Planner System in parallel. The core of the here-proposed lean BIM-based production system is the linkage of BIM objects at data processing level with the Last Planner System routines making use of digital Kanban boards. The production system will also be extended by cost control aspects of the Earned Value Management approach and thus represents the basis for a complete construction management system with respect to quality, schedule and costs. This paper discusses the first concepts of the new lean BIM-based production system and introduces an information system integration model as a starting point for future software development activities. }, author_keywords={Production System Design, Industry 4.0, Lean and BIM, Last Planner System, Digital Kanban }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Daoud2019, author={Daoud, Yara and Ghannoum, Carla and Antar, Soheila and Hamzeh, Farook }, editor={ }, title={Evaluating the Lean-Enabling Competencies of Clients}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={889-900}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1729}, doi={10.24928/2019/0125}, affiliation={Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, +961 70 063008, ynd02@mail.aub.edu ; PhD Student, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, +961 3 350362, cma25@mail.aub.edu ; Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, +961 3 540882, sza16@mail.aub.edu ; Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., University of Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca }, abstract={The principles of lean thinking are rapidly gaining the attention of construction companies while client-side organizations are not catching up at the same pace. However, the client plays a crucial role in driving and setting the framework of the process throughout all phases of the project and thus has a critical influence on the successful implementation of lean. This issue has not been given enough attention in literature, especially in the Middle East. Hence, this study aims at identifying the current status of Middle Eastern clients’ characteristics, behaviors and practices throughout the different phases of a construction project. The paper investigates the lean-enabling competencies of clients from the perspective of designers and contractors through online data collection surveys. The results revealed that clients were regarded by AECs as being knowledgeable and involved. However, it appears they persist in taking unilateral decisions, especially regarding deadlines, and focusing on short-term financial goals while neglecting the importance of enforcing collaboration measures. }, author_keywords={Clients, Lean construction, Middle East, Collaboration, Value }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Schia2019, author={Schia, Marte H. and Trollsås, Bo C. and Fyhn, Håkon and Lædre, Ola }, editor={ }, title={The Introduction of AI in the Construction Industry and Its Impact on Human Behavior}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={903-914}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1730}, doi={10.24928/2019/0191}, affiliation={M.Sc. student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, +47 950 76 760, martehsc@stud.ntnu.no ; Planner & Business Development VDC, AF Gruppen, Oslo, Norway, +47 922 64 865, bochristian.trollsas@afgruppen.no ; Senior Researcher, Department of Social Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim Norway, +47 917 43 561, hakon.fyhn@ntnu.no ; Associate professor, Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway +47 911 89 938, ola.ladre@ntnu.no }, abstract={The digital shift has arrived in the construction industry, with the aim of increasing the efficiency. However, how should the industry implement digital tools? And how should a human-technology relationship work? The purpose of this paper is to illuminate how the construction industry can close the gap between the potential benefits and the harvested benefits of implementation of AI. This paper presents research based on a comprehensive literature review, a case study of a construction project in Norway, and three external interviews. The case study consists of a document study and seventeen semi-structured interviews. The experiences established through this research indicate that it is possible to gain experience from the implementation of basic digital tools when implementing advanced technology, such as artificial intelligence (AI). When come at AI, the human-AI trust will be the most decisive factor for a successful implementation. This paper constitutes a piece of pioneer work, as it investigates the implementation of AI, and how humans and technology should work together. This research is limited down to one case study as well as three digital tools. To extend the research it is recommended to discuss the adaption of AI on premise of the users, collect more empirical data and look into experiences done by other industries. }, author_keywords={Collaboration, Commitment, Trust, Digitization, Artificial Intelligence }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Dargham2019, author={Dargham, Sarah Abou and Hatoum, Makram Bou and Tohme, Mohammad and Hamzeh, Farook }, editor={ }, title={Implementation of Integrated Project Delivery in Lebanon: Overcoming the Challenges}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={917-928}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1731}, doi={10.24928/2019/0242}, affiliation={Graduate Research Assistant, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, sra26@mail.aub.edu ; Graduate Research Assistant, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, mnb23@mail.aub.edu ; Civil Engineering Graduate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, mht18@mail.aub.edu ; Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., University of Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca }, abstract={Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) approach is important to deliver value and reduce waste by integrating the stockholders early in a project. Despite its numerous advantages over the traditional delivery systems, IPD’s applicability in the Middle East has not yet reached its potential. In Lebanon, the construction market is dominated by delivery practices such as design-bid-build or design-build. The aim of this paper is to examine the Lebanese construction industry experiences in project delivery methods and their attitudes towards shifting to Integrated Project Delivery. Research is conducted through surveys and interviews with industry professionals to investigate the performance of the traditional delivery approaches and the implementation of IPD in Lebanon. The data collected will be used to evaluate and critique the construction industry current project delivery practices, analyze the experts’ awareness and attitudes toward IPD delivery method and identify the main barriers that prevent practitioners from implementing IPD. }, author_keywords={Integrated Project Delivery, Contracts, Lean Construction, Traditional Delivery Approach, Lebanon, FIDIC }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Michaud2019, author={Michaud, Martin and Forgues, Daniel and Meyer, Julien and Ouellet- Plamondon, Claudiane }, editor={ }, title={A Case Study on Improving Standardization in the Conception Phase by Developing Tools and Protocols}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={927-936}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1732}, doi={10.24928/2019/0176}, affiliation={Ph.D Candidate, Construction Engineering Department, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, CA, martin.michaud.2@ens.etsmtl.ca ; Professor, Construction Engineering Department, Research chair for the integration of new technologies in the construction industry, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, CA, +1514 396-8668, daniel.forgues@etsmtl.ca ; Postdoctoral researcher, Construction Engineering Department, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, CA, julien.meyer.1@ens.etsmtl.ca ; Professor, Construction Engineering Department, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, CA, +1 514 396-8622, claudiane.ouellet-plamondon@etsmtl.ca }, abstract={In the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, the variability nature of construction projects leads to the presence of waste. The standardization of activities and processes can help reduce variability and thus reduce the amount of waste. This paper presents an action research approach to develop and implement a framework to help creating an improved visual mapping of the information flows between the departments of an architectural firm. The aim is to use the principles of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) from Lean Production and Building Information Modelling (BIM) processes to improve standardization in the information flow. The focus is on the information flow between the various departments of an architectural firm. This study contributes to the field through the development of a framework used to improve standardization in the information flow. Moreover, the findings presented offer practical implications by helping with the improved interoperability of interdisciplinary professionals work with standardized processes and activities. }, author_keywords={Building Information modelling, value stream mapping, information flow, non-valueadded actions. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Kraakenes2019, author={Kraakenes, Eirik and Tadayon, Allen and Johansen, Agnar }, editor={ }, title={Comparing Lean Construction With Experiences From Partnering and Design-Build Construction Projects in Norway}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={937-946}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1733}, doi={10.24928/2019/0168}, affiliation={M.Sc. Independent researcher, 5093 Bergen, Norway, go2eirik@hotmail.com ; Ph.D. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU, Norway, allen.tadayon@alumni.ntnu.no ; Dr. Philos, Senior research scientist, SINTEF Society, Norway, agnar.johansen@sintef.no }, abstract={While the construction industry has long been known for conflicts and adversarial behavior, there are different delivery methods and approaches that have been developed to overcome these shortfalls. This paper aims to compare Design-Build (DB) and partnering through the lens of the lean construction approach. We examine to what extent partnering and DB are aligned with the lean construction’s five big ideas and whether Design Build can be improved by adopting elements from partnering. This study was carried out by conducting a literature study in combination with five case studies. The case studies were carried out via document review in addition, nine semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interviews were conducted with key personnel from target projects to understand the practitioner’s point of view and the way that partnering and design-build are practiced in the industry. In this paper, the authors conclude that partnering aligns to LC and its five big ideas to a high degree and that partnering includes embedded tools and mechanisms designed to meet what literature and interviews consider to be the main challenges with construction projects. It is also concluded that the use of DB can be improved by adopting suitable elements from the partnering approach. }, author_keywords={Partnering, Design-Build, Lean Construction, Collaboration, Continuous improvement }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Jiang2019, author={Jiang, Lixuan and Zhong, Hua and Chen, Jianghong and Su, Zhenmin and Zhang, Jinhua and Wang, Xiao }, editor={ }, title={Lean Construction Practice: Culture, Standardization and Informatization — A Case From China}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={949-960}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1734}, doi={10.24928/2019/0274}, affiliation={Associate Professor, Cailiang Lean Construction Research Center, Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, China, +8625-58139570, jianglx@njtech.edu.cn ; Senior Lecturer, Center for Lean projects, Building Services School of Architecture, Design and Built Environment Nottingham Trent University, UK, 01158482557, hua.zhong@ntu.ac.uk ; Associate Professor, Cailiang Lean Construction Research Center, Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, China, +8625-58139570, njchenjianghong@163.com ; Professor, Director of Cailiang Lean Construction Research Center, Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, China, +8625-58139570, suzhenmin@126.com ; General manager, Engineer, Cailiang Lean Construction Research Center, Cailiang construction technology co., Ltd., China, +86519-68202089, zhangjh_1513@163.com ; Professor, Cailiang Lean Construction Research Center, Department of Construction and Management, School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, China, +8625-58139488, wangxiao@njtech.edu.cn }, abstract={Many construction enterprises in the world are practicing lean construction and benefiting from it. China, with a big construction industry, has promoted lean concepts in recent years, but there are still obstacles in practice. The aim of this study therefore is to introduce a Chinese construction company, demonstrating some the most successful lean construction outcomes in China. A case study approach is used with whole process of the project's implementation being tracked. Data are collected from interviews, meetings and statistics. The study shows that three important aspects collaboration lead to the success of lean construction implementation. Relationships among culture, standardization and informatization are explored. The study recommends a lean culture frame of employee value and customer value integration and incentives providing. Standardization is employed as Work structuring tool to provide operability and offer the foundation to informatization. Last Planner®system (LPS) practice is aided by an hour level precision control to improve efficiency. This research presents a case for improving lean construction effectiveness in Chinese context. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, China practice, culture, standardization, informatization }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Lühr2019, author={Lühr, Gunnar J. and Bosch-Rekveldt, Marian G.C. }, editor={ }, title={Measuring Project’s Team Culture in Projects Using the Last Planner System}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={963-974}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1735}, doi={10.24928/2019/0124}, affiliation={Student, Alma Mater Europaea - ECM, Slovenia, Gunnar.Luhr@AlmaMater.si ; Assistant Professor, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands, M.G.C.Bosch-Rekveldt@tudelft.nl }, abstract={At this stage, construction industry is known for bad project performances and a culture characterized by adversarial behaviours. The Last Planner System (LPS) is designed to improve these circumstances through the enhancement of workflow reliability by involving various disciplines in joint planning processes and a culture of collaboration. How to actually measure related project team culture (PTC) is unknown at this stage. This paper tries to close this gap and compares two defined versions of the Ideal Lean Culture for organizations with the actual PTC in projects using the LPS. It first presents the two Ideal Lean Cultures for organizations, based on a framework developed for organizations (the Competing Values Framework - CVF). Next, it examines on the basis of three case studies the applicability of the CVF for measuring the actual culture in project teams using the LPS and compares it with the named Ideal Lean Culture conditions. The paper concludes that the CVF is a suitable tool to take a snapshot of the PTC and that the comparison to the Ideal Lean Culture can give conclusions about the current project team’s maturity in projects using the LPS. }, author_keywords={Project Team’s Culture; Last Planner System; Competing Values Framework; Lean Culture }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Amaral2019, author={Amaral, Tatiana G. do and Oka, Letícia G. and Filho, Carlos A. B. de Camargo and Neto, José P. Barros }, editor={ }, title={Qualitative Analysis for the Diagnosis of the Lean Construction Implementation}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={975-986}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1736}, doi={10.24928/2019/0145}, affiliation={Professor, Environmental and Civil Engineering. Dept., Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil, +55 62 981680902, tatiana_amaral@hotmail.com ; Civil Engineer, Projects Dept, Dennis Group, Brazil, +55 62 983319111, letyoka@gmail.com ; Civil Engineer, Dusol Engenharia Sustentável, Brazil, +55 62 984228992, carlos_bouhid@hotmail.com ; Full Professor, Structural and Civil Construction. Dept., Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil, +55 85 999691871, barrosneto@gercon.ufc.br }, abstract={The paper presents an analysis of the implementation of Lean Construction in the center of Brazil, and an evaluation of the potentialities that each calculation method provides in the diagnosis. The Lean Construction Assessment Tool (LCAT) was used in this research to make critical inferences about the Lean implementation stage in six construction companies in Goiânia, Brazil. Based on the data obtained, the Lean Score was calculated using arithmetic averages, weighted averages and averages based on the Fuzzy Inference System. Based on this analysis, an evaluation of each LCAT criteria was inferred, and its influence on the company’s lean score was determined. The advantages and disadvantages of the lean construction implementation process were also evidenced. The measurements obtained presented small variations, such as speed of obtaining the data, interference of other variables in the process, and analysis of specialists. Nevertheless, it was possible to draw conclusions about the different potentialities of the use of each one. }, author_keywords={Lean construction; evaluation methods; implementation stage; mathematical results }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Schöttle2019, author={Schöttle, Annett and Gigler, Luisa Maria and Mingle, Brent }, editor={ }, title={From Concept Development to Implementation: Choosing by Advantages Across an Organization}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={987-998}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1737}, doi={10.24928/2019/0205}, affiliation={Senior Consultant, Refine Projects AG, Schelmenwasenstraße 34, 70567 Stuttgart, Germany, +4915156561529, annett.schoettle@refineprojects.com ; Process Analyst, Refine Projects AG, Stuttgart, Germany, luisa.gigler@refineprojects.com ; Pacemaker Decision Making, Leadership 2020, Daimler AG, 70546 Stuttgart, Germany, +4917630971873 brent.mingle@daimler.com }, abstract={Decision-making is one of the most important and underestimated activities of every organization. Decisions define the commitment of our most limited resources and are the determining factor between success and failure. How individual decisions are taken directly impacts the decision outcome. Therefore, the method used to decide is of utmost importance. Choosing by Advantages (CBA) is a decision-making method that has been growing in application and acceptance in the last few years within the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC) community. Existing publications regarding CBA mainly discuss the benefits of the method in theory and in practice, but none of them explain how the method was applied nor if it was also broadly implemented across organizations to the different project levels. This paper closes the gap by giving guidance and insights on the development and rollout of CBA trainings for the construction industry based on the case study of Daimler AG. The authors conclude that the implementation of CBA requires a thoughtful plan that leaves room for adjustments in accordance to the project team’s needs. }, author_keywords={Change, choosing by advantages, culture, decision-making, design thinking. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Comelli2019, author={Comelli, Marianna Lira and Veras de Carvalho, Yan Mota and Marinho, Renan Caminha and Cândido, Luis Felipe and Barros Neto, José de Paula }, editor={ }, title={Assessing the Level of Implementation of Lean Construction: An Audit Protocol}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={999-1022}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1738}, doi={10.24928/2019/0202}, affiliation={Professor, Christus University Center (UNICHRISTU), Brazil, marianacomelli@yahoo.com.br ; Master Student, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil, yanveras00@gmail.com ; Master Student, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil, renancmarinho@gmail.com ; Lecturer, Federal University of Ceará (UFC) at Crateús, Brazil, luisfcandido2015@gmail.com ; Full Professor, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil, barrosneto@gercon.ufc.br }, abstract={The implementation of lean construction still faces barriers mainly in its initial stages. It occurs, in part, due to the lack of evaluation tools that enable the acknowledgment of its true value for the companies. Thus, this paper aims to present an audit protocol to evaluate the level of lean implementation. Developed under Design Science methodological background, the audit protocol was proposed based on literature. To evaluate the applicability, the pilot protocol was implemented and tested into 4 construction companies from the city of Fortaleza, northeast of Brazil. The pilot revealed improvements to improve the protocol. Then, the improved protocol was evaluated and validated by 5 lean construction experts, resulting in the final protocol which was composed by 4 dimensions, 35 categories, 136 items and 223 examples of verifying evidences. Was verified that the protocol allows more than identify the lean implementation level, but enables a lean journey if used as a guidebook to lean implementation. The proposed audit protocol can be also used to cyclic evaluation that enables the improvements of the identified gaps, through a deep comprehension of the critical factors that can prevent the success of lean construction in the companies. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, improvement, evaluation tool, implementing lean, integration. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Leth2019, author={Leth, Søren and Lerche, Jon and Neve, Hasse H. and Wandahl, Søren }, editor={ }, title={Lessons for Construction: Delivering Mega Project on Time Through Culture and Hoshin Kanri}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1011-1022}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1739}, doi={10.24928/2019/0139}, affiliation={Owner and Director, Zephyr Consulting, Denmark, +45 6169 9150, sln@zephyrconsulting.dk ; PhD Student, Department of Business Development at Aarhus University, Denmark, +4560133595, jon.lerche@btech.au.dk ; PhD Student, Department of Engineering at Aarhus University, Denmark, +4528791838, hn@eng.au.dk ; Professor, Department of Engineering at Aarhus University, Denmark, +4541893216, swa@eng.au.dk }, abstract={Managing risks in mega projects has received a lot of attention in the construction community. However, very few empirical results have reported on-time and on-budget deliveries. This paper presents a case study from a closely related industry, offshore oil and gas construction, where the lean project management and culture method Hoshin Kanri was implemented on a mega project. The results of implementing Hoshin Kanri in this case have been very positive, with project lead time reduction of 10 percent, risk incentive account of USD 1 billion saved, and a potential of an additionally revenue of 2.8 million USD/day due to reduced lead time and early production startup. The paper reviews how Hoshin Kanri is implemented in this specific mega project, and compares it to other industries, processes, and previous IGLC research to extract lessons to be learned for the construction industry. The implemented Hoshin Kanri was found effective in developing the interlinkage between the strategy and project organization from upper to lower levels. The contribution of this paper is to illustrate the benefits of Hoshin Kanri and to propose further development of this within the construction community. }, author_keywords={Hoshin Kanri, Mega project, Visual management, Culture, Collaboration }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Castiblanco2019, author={Castiblanco, Fran M. and Castiblanco, Ivonne A. and Cruz, Joan P. }, editor={ }, title={Qualitative Analysis of Lean Tools in the Construction Sector in Colombia}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1023-1036}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1740}, doi={10.24928/2019/0185}, affiliation={Master Student, Industrial Engineering. Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería, Carrera 45 No. 205-59, Bogotá, Colombia, Phone +57 313 398 90 21, fran.castiblanco@mail.escuelaing.edu.co ; Professor, Industrial Engineering Department, Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería, Carrera 45 No. 205-59, Bogotá, Colombia, Phone +57 305 712 78 13, ivonne.castiblanco@escuelaing.edu.co ; Professor, Industrial Engineering Department, Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería, Carrera 45 No. 205-59, Bogotá, Colombia, Phone +57 (1) 6 68 36 00 ext. 278 joan.cruz@escuelaing.edu.co }, abstract={This descriptive research identifies the lean tools applied worldwide in the supply chain of housing construction recognizing which are the most common tools across different countries, the least explored and which tools have the most reception in Colombia. Through a literary review of 84 academic papers from 22 countries, 254 mentions of 30 lean tools were detected, developing a qualitative content analysis from identified trends of the main differences and similarities in the adoption of lean construction (LC) in Colombia, Latin America and the different continents. The results derived from a Pareto chart and an affinity analysis in which lean tools were reduced to 23 categories, show that the main practices of lean manufacturing and lean construction are Last Planner System, Building Information Models, Visual Management, among others. This study is part of a subsequent project that will take the conclusions of this qualitative analysis to suggest a guiding tool (based on the continuous improvement tools found) that correlates applicable lean approaches with the main actors of the supply chain of high value housing projects in Bogotá. Taking into account the research gap found, this study could serve as a basis for lean construction studies in countries similar to Colombia. }, author_keywords={Affinity analysis, last planner system, lean construction, Pareto chart, visual management. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Gomez2019, author={Gomez, Sulyn and Bishop, Bryan and Ballard, Glenn and Saenz, Mario and Tommelein, Iris }, editor={ }, title={An Active Caring Approach Through Psychological Safety in Construction Projects}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1037-1048}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1741}, doi={10.24928/2019/0207}, affiliation={PhD Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, +1 765 775-6583, sulyn@berkeley.edu ; Safety Manager, Webcor Builders, CA 94107, USA, +1 510 612-5019, bbishop@webcor.com ; Research Director, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Project Production Systems Lab., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, +1 415 710-5531, gballard@berkeley.edu ; Project Engineer, Webcor Builders, CA 94107, USA, +1 510 502-6185, msaenz@webcor.com ; Professor, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Director of the Project Production Systems Lab., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, +1 510 643-8678, tommelein@berkeley.edu }, abstract={Guided by the lean principle of respect for people, it is key to recognize the value of construction workers feeling psychologically safe on site. Psychological safety is proven to be a driver for learning behaviors as it allows workers feel confident about asking questions to get clarity on their work, asking for help, or speaking up when errors occur on site to avoid repeating mistakes. The authors framed the understanding of psychological safety in the context of a construction project and analyzed worker’s perception regarding factors that foster a psychologically safe work environment. In this study, different trades shared their perception about factors that made them feel safe or unsafe while working at the job site. Outcomes highlighted human behavior characteristics such as how the willingness of workers to speak up when they see someone doing something unsafe changed depending on whom they are talking to. Results were analyzed with the project’s leadership team and action items were set in place. Changes implemented included using English and Spanish during weekly meetings and the establishment of an on-site safety committee to strength relations between and amongst different trades as well as discussion with foremen to keep growing psychological safety on site. }, author_keywords={Psychological safety, behavior, active caring, learning, safe, sustainable change. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Oswald2019, author={Oswald, David and Borg, Jessica and Sherratt, Fred }, editor={ }, title={Mental Health in the Construction Industry: a Rapid Review}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1049-1058}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1742}, doi={10.24928/2019/0141}, affiliation={Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford Campus, Chelmsford, UK, CB12LZ ; RMIT University, 360 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Australia, 3001 ; RMIT University, 360 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Australia, 3001 }, abstract={Principles of lean construction have been suggested as strategies towards improving health and safety (H&S) in construction. Previous research has typically focused on the physical aspects of H&S; yet individuals who work within the construction industry have an increased risk of suffering from mental health conditions. This is an area which is gaining attention but is yet to be researched in depth. Through a rapid review of literature, this paper identifies 15 studies, and reviews the current literature concerning mental health within the construction industry. Theoretically, results suggest that mental health is a significant problem within the construction industry; and practically, it is recommended that organisations should consider evidence-based suggestions of ways to address this issue through approaches such as alternate work schedules, and the use of validated detection tools. The results of the review revealed that the current literature is limited, both in terms of quantity and research approaches adopted, and therefore, further high-quality studies are required in this area. The principles of lean construction present an opportunity for addressing the issue of poor mental health in the construction industry, thus expanding the application of lean construction beyond addressing merely the physical aspects of H&S issues. }, author_keywords={Lean construction; waste; safety, quality, health; employee well-being; mental health }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Mollo2019, author={Mollo, Lesiba and Emuze, Fidelis and Smallwood, John }, editor={ }, title={Using Standardized Work to Prevent Construction Accidents}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1059-1068}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1743}, doi={10.24928/2019/0117}, affiliation={Lecturer, Department of Built Environment, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa, Tel: (051) 507 3523, Email: lmollo@cut.ac.za. ; Professor and Head, Department of Built Environment, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa, Tel: (051) 507 3089, Email: femuze@cut.ac.za.; Research Associate: Nelson Mandela University ; Professor, Department of Construction Management, Nelson Mandela University, Po Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa, Tel: (041) 504 2790 / 551. Email: John.Smallwood@mandela.ac.za. }, abstract={The work done on construction sites is high risk, unsafe and could result in work-related accidents. The effect of accidents often impacts the social and economic integrity of the workers and their productivity negatively. The reported study in this paper investigated ‘how standardized work prevents accidents on construction sites?’ A single case research design was used to collect the primary data through semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews. The collected data were analyzed thematically. From the findings, it was discovered that improper working conditions related to scaffolds often causes accidents on construction sites. In effect, the use of standardized work would help to eradicate improper working conditions that lead to accidents because it helps project supervisors/engineers to avoid errors and omissions. For standardized work to be successful, the project supervisors should actively address the behavioral problems of the workers. Therefore, it is recommended that there is a need to conduct further research that would establish the strength of the standardized work in improving health, safety and well-being (HSW) of people in the construction. }, author_keywords={Accidents, construction, health, safety and wellbeing, standardized work }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Abdelkhalek2019, author={Abdelkhalek, Eva S. and Elsibai, Mohamad D. and Ghosson, Ghida K. and Hamzeh, Farook R. }, editor={ }, title={Analysis of Visual Management Practices for Construction Safety}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1069-1080}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1744}, doi={10.24928/2019/0175}, affiliation={Master Candidate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., American University of Beirut, +96170157034 , esa17@mail.aub.edu ; Master Candidate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., American University of Beirut, +96171152853, mde04@mail.aub.edu ; Master Candidate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., American University of Beirut, +96170657040, gkg01@mail.aub.edu ; Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., University of Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca }, abstract={Lean Construction’s main goal is adding value to a project and minimizing waste. Accordingly, incidents that cause injuries or deaths are considered waste. This reveals the interdependent relationship between lean and safety. Here comes the importance of visual management (VM) as a way for communicating information using the right visual tools at the right time for the right situation in all construction projects. It is crucial as it improves efficiency, ensures transparency, establishes better communication and reduces safety risks. This paper highlights the importance of VM in the workplace for construction crews as well as its relation to safety. In this study, case studies and surveys conducted in Lebanon on building construction projects are presented, analyzed and discussed to show the need for VM by workers and engineers to avoid hazardous situations. Results indicate the importance of VM in maintaining safety, illustrate that poor visualization causes many accidents, and show that construction safety in Lebanon can be improved by enhancing VM practices. }, author_keywords={Safety, Lean Construction, Visual Management, Visual Tools, Visual Orders. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Rodegheri2019, author={Rodegheri, Priscila Mirapalhete and Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista }, editor={ }, title={Lean Construction and Maturity Models: Applying Five Methods}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1081-1092}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1745}, doi={10.24928/2019/0195}, affiliation={Master student, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil, +55 21 98296-3259, eng.priscilamr@gmail.com ; Professor, Dr., Departamento de Engenharia Civil. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil, +55 16 3351-9670, sheylabs@ufscar.br }, abstract={The purpose of this paper is comparing five Maturity Models (MM) developed to measure the company’s adherence to Lean Construction (LC) principles. Methods were applied to the same project and results show that project classification was equivalent in the five systems for LC principles adherence. This MM have differences between origins, scope, application and results presentation, showing the diversity existent in LC philosophy. For this case study, all five methods showed adherence to lean principles and the results are graphically presented to easily compare the obtained results from the application of them. }, author_keywords={Lean Construction, Maturity Models, Continuous Improvement, Action Learning/Research }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Shou2019, author={Shou, Wenchi and Wu, Peng and Wang, Jun }, editor={ }, title={A Survey of Simulation Modelling Techniques in Lean Construction Research}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1093-1104}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1746}, doi={10.24928/2019/0142}, affiliation={Research Fellow, School of Design and the Built Environment, Curtin Univ., Perth, Australia, +61 9266 7486, wenchi.shou@curtin.edu.au ; Associate Professor, School of Design and the Built and Environment, Curtin Univ., Perth, Australia, +61 9266 4723, peng.wu@curtin.edu.au ; Lecturer, School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin Univ., Melbourne, Australia, +61 5227 3544, jun.wang1@deakin.edu.au }, abstract={Over the past two decades, discrete event simulation (DES) has been increasingly employed in lean construction research as a response to the requirement of evaluating the impact of the implementation of various lean initiatives. A systematic review of DES application in lean construction research is necessary to examine how DES has been implemented in lean research. This review was conducted by reviewing 49 DES papers published in peer-reviewed journals and IGLC conference between 1997 and 2018, which aims to identify the state of the art development in this specific research area and propose future research directions. The papers are analysed in terms of publications, DES techniques, value of DES, and topic coverage. 13 types of DES techniques, 6 value of DES in lean construction research, and 8 research topics are identified and summarised. The findings of this study are expected to provide useful suggestions for the future research opportunities of DES in lean construction research. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, discrete event simulation, review. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Orihuela2019, author={Orihuela, Pablo and Noel, María and Pacheco, Santiago and Orihuela, Jorge and Yaya5, Carlos and Aguilar, Rafael }, editor={ }, title={Application of Virtual and Augmented Reality Techniques During Design and Construction Process of Building Projects}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1105-1116}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1747}, doi={10.24928/2019/0220}, affiliation={General Manager Motiva S.A, Perú. Full Professor, Department of Engineering, Civil Engineering Section, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, porihuela@motiva.com.pe ; Lecturer, Department of Engineering, Civil Engineering Section, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, mariaf.noel@pucp.pe ; Civil Engineer, Motiva S.A., Perú, spacheco@motiva.com.pe ; Architect, Motiva S.A., jorihuela@motiva.com.pe ; Research Assistant, VReal Research Laboratory, Civil Engineering Section, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, c.yaya@pucp.pe ; Full Professor, Department of Engineering, Civil Engineering Section, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP, raguilar@pucp.pe }, abstract={Research regarding Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) as support tools of visual managment of design and construction for building projects has increased notably in recent years. However, most of these investigations present applications that improve the management of the project in a single phase or aspect, leaving aside the generation of value throughout the entire project. This article presents a brief review of the current state of VR / AR technologies, proposes the application of the Lean philosophy trough VR / AR applications in the different phases of the life cycle of a building project, and also shows several applications in real cases in which encouraging intial results were obtained. The proposed applications proved to be efficient to improve the communication between the different stakeholders, improving the understanding of the project, giving reliability to the decision making process, foreseeing errors, decreasing negative iterations and avoiding the time delays generated by the lack of an adequate visualization of the project. Finally, some recommendations about the nomenclature and standarization of the development level of the VR/AR applications are provided. }, author_keywords={Virtual reality, augmented reality, visual management, value, waste }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Gómez-Sánchez2019, author={Gómez-Sánchez, Juan Martín and Ponz-Tienda, José Luis and Romero-Cortés, Juan Pablo }, editor={ }, title={Lean and BIM Implementation in Colombia; Interactions and Lessons Learned}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1117-1128}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1748}, doi={10.24928/2019/0150}, affiliation={MS Student, Civil and Envir. Engineering Dept., Univ. de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, (57-1) 3324312, jm.gomez14@uniandes.edu.co ; PhD, Assistant Professor, Civil and Envir. Engineering. Dept., Director of the Engineering and Construction Management Research Group., Univ. de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, (57-1) 3324312, jl.ponz@uniandes.edu ; Project manager, Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, (57-1) 3324312, jp.romero985@uniandes.edu.co }, abstract={Construction projects are afflicted by cost and time overruns, primarily due to inadequate information sharing among the project participants that causes productivity reductions in the Architectural, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. Therefore, by working on different areas of its value chain, it is possible to increase the construction process productivity. Building Information Modelling (BIM) emerged as a digital platform through which project teams can share and manage project information efficiently, and Lean construction practices address the issue of improving coordination within a project team, smoothing workflow in construction projects through features that reduce waste and increase value. The present research is an applied study that comprises the analysis of the integration of Lean practices and BIM through a real-life implementation in a residential project. This paper contributes to knowledge on BIM and Lean adoption by showing how lean practices reduce coordination-related issues within the project construction, and BIM adoption makes the benefits of Lean principles more visible. Additionally, the literature still lacks specific examples of simultaneous implementation of BIM and Lean for the first time in medium-sized construction companies. The purpose is to report the experiences, opportunities for improvement, and lessons learned from the implementation. Findings show that independent implementation only solves a part of the problem. However, simultaneous implementation exposed the team to more exceptional experiences and opportunities for improvement. }, author_keywords={Lean construction and BIM Interaction, case study }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Belsvik2019, author={Belsvik, Matilde Reinholdt and Lædre, Ola and Hjelseth, Eilif }, editor={ }, title={Metrics in VDC Projects}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1129-1140}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1749}, doi={10.24928/2019/0167}, affiliation={M.Sc student, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, + 47 982 07 858, matildeb@stud.ntnu.no ; Professor, dr.ing., NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, + 47 911 89 938, ola.ladre@ntnu.no ; Professor, PhD, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 952 66 100, eilif.hjelseth@ntnu.no }, abstract={The Norwegian construction industry is far behind other industries when it comes to productivity. To improve productivity several contractors take advantage of methodologies such as Virtual Design and Construction (VDC). VDC is about streamlining projects in a Lean context with tools like Last Planner, ICE, BIM and metrics. Although few studies have been found on metrics in VDC projects, it appears evident that metrics are important for continuous improvement. However, selecting adequate metrics is challenging, as they can require more than they give in return. The study answers three research questions; (1) “How are building design processes measured?” (2) “Which main design phase challenges can be resolved with metrics?” and (3) “Which metrics should be used in future VDC projects?” The methods used have been a qualitative case study of a Norwegian contractor’s first implementation of VDC, as well as personal interviews with experienced design managers. The implication of the study is a list with six basic metrics for the building design processes of VDC projects, based on challenges in Norwegian construction projects. Seven additional metrics for continuous project improvement are also presented. }, author_keywords={VDC, Metrics, Design management, Continuous improvement, Lean construction }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Reinbold2019, author={Reinbold, Ana and Seppänen, Olli and Peltokorpi, Antti and Singh, Vishal and Dror, Erez }, editor={ }, title={Integrating Indoor Positioning Systems and BIM to Improve Situational Awareness}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1141-1150}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1750}, doi={10.24928/2019/0153}, affiliation={Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo Finland, +358 50 431 2015, ana.reinbold@aalto.fi ; Professor of Practice, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo Finland, +358 50 368 0412, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi ; Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo Finland, +358 50 371 6613, antti.peltokorpi@aalto.fi ; Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo Finland, +358 50 431 2015, vishal.singh@aalto.fi ; MSc graduate, Department of Civil Engineering, Technion IIT, Haifa Israel, +972 54 596 1265, erezdror@gmail.com }, abstract={This paper presents the concept for the integration of Indoor Positioning System (IPS) and Building Information Model (BIM), and hypothesizes about the possible benefits of this integration to situational awareness and visual management in construction projects. Literature review shows that the volume and quality of data enabling situational awareness during construction projects is increasing with the use of new technologies, such as indoor positioning systems and other applications of Internet of Things (IoT). However, these information streams have been used individually so far. BIM as the interface integrating different streams of situational awareness information can result in better data-driven construction management and production. This study suggests that using BIM in 3D visualization of the indoor positioning of construction resources (workers, material, and equipment) enables visual management based on situation awareness on construction project activities. Better situational awareness of construction resources on-site based on visualization in BIM can improve the identification and elimination of waste and the identification of workflow interruptions, potentially permitting better planning and increasing productivity. The study suggests further steps for empirical research to prototype the concept and validate it with industry partners and practitioners. }, author_keywords={Lean construction, BIM, visual management, indoor positioning systems, information integration }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Wold2019, author={Wold, Jonas and Lædre, Ola and Lohne, Jardar }, editor={ }, title={Questionable Practice in the Processing of Building Permits in Norway}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1151-1162}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1751}, doi={10.24928/2019/0214}, affiliation={Student M.Sc., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 414 03 086, jonaswold@hotmail.com ; Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 911 89 938, ola.ladre@ntnu.no ; Researcher, dr. art., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 934 44 930, jardar.lohne@ntnu.no }, abstract={In recent years, several cases of questionable practice in the processing of building permits in Norway have been revealed. Meanwhile, authorities claim the risk of corruption associated with the processing of building permits is more obvious than before. This study investigates the size of the opportunity space for questionable practice in the processing of building permits. Questionable practice includes both illegal practice in the form of corruption and legal, but unethical practice. Further, this paper examines if the opportunity space is being exploited, before suggesting countermeasures. A greater predictability in the processing could increase the Lean Construction and reduce costs. It has been conducted a literature review and seven interviews with caseworkers and heads of departments in five municipalities in Norway. The study is limited to the examined municipalities. The results show that the processing of building permits is based on great responsibility delegated to the caseworkers and that there is a certain opportunity space. However, this space is not being exploited in the examined municipalities. Measures, e.g. implementing a new processing system, are anyhow proposed. }, author_keywords={Sustainability, promise, trust, building permits, questionable practice }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, } @CONFERENCE{Ahmed2019, author={Ahmed, Sa’id and Pasquire, Christine and Manu, Emmanuel }, editor={ }, title={Exploratory Study of ‘Costing Collaboratively’ in the Uk Construction Industry}, journal={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, booktitle={Proc. 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC)}, year={2019}, pages={1163-1174}, url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1752}, doi={10.24928/2019/0265}, affiliation={PhD Candidate, Centre for Lean Projects, School of Architecture, Design and Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, UK, +44(0)7592030388, said.ahmed@ntu.ac.uk ; Professor, School of Architecture, Design and Built Environment, and Director Centre for Lean Projects, Nottingham Trent University, UK, +44(0) 115 848 2095, christine.pasquire@ntu.ac.uk ; Senior Lecturer, School of Architecture, Design and Built and the Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK, +44 (0)115 848 6064, emmanuel.manu@ntu.ac.uk }, abstract={This research study looks at how stakeholders collaborate over costing in the UK construction industry. The purpose is to define the concept of ‘costing collaboratively’ (CC), to widen understanding of collaboration. Post economic recession, more collaborative practices have been regarded as strategies for transforming construction challenges. However, studies have shown that these practices are fading in the UK, because of fragmentation, adversarialism and, clients preference for lowest tender, whilst cost consultants struggles to be involved in collaborative working especially, during costing activities. The primary research used a multiple case study approach, which aggregated data from interviews and documentary analysis (financial business case; costing & estimating manuals etc.). Overall, 23 interviews were captured with cost consultants, lean practitioners, main contractors among others within the building and infrastructure sectors in the UK. The results showed attributes, like target costing, optioneering and all-inclusive value engineering, as relevant constituents of CC. Accordingly, these were used to defined CC as an approach that engaged stakeholders (upstream and downstream) around wider scheme budgets creating a sense of ownership, driving positive behaviours to achieve desired cost outcomes. However, the results also show that although CC is progressing within the multidisciplinary settings, the approach is still driven by price, and a limited understanding continue to affect the wider practice of collaboration in the UK construction industry. }, author_keywords={Collaboration, target costing, construction, costing collaboratively, target value design. }, address={Dublin, Ireland }, issn={2309-0979 }, publisher={ }, language={English}, document_type={Conference Paper}, source={IGLC}, }