TY - CONF TI - Integration and Development Model for Supplier Relationship Management in Construction C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1617 EP - 1629 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0100 AU - Lepold, Andreas AU - Binninger, Marco AU - Wolfbeiß, Oliver AD - Department Lean Construction weisenburger bau GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany, a.lepold@weisenburger.de AD - Department Lean Construction weisenburger bau GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany, m.binninger@weisenburger.de AD - CEO weisenburger bau GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany, o.wolfbeiss@weisenburger.de AB - The construction industry faces the challenge of selecting and developing partners for its projects. Although partner selection models and criteria have been extensively studied, the construction industry does not yet have optimized tools for selecting partners. Partner development is becoming increasingly important in the context of Lean Construction, which encompasses both Takt Planning and Takt Control (TPTC) and Last Planner System (LPS) approaches. To solve this challenge, a comprehensive literature review identified methods for partner selection in both the stationary and construction industries. The selection of the partners to be developed was presented using a best-practice example from the automotive industry. With the help of expert workshops, a model tailored to the selection of partners to be developed in the construction industry was developed and necessary criteria identified. The resulting conceptual model was tested through case studies and found to be effective. The selected criteria can be flexibly varied and adapted to the corporate strategy. The model was successfully applied to different partners of a general contractor with the help of case studies. The model is currently being tested in practice at a general contractor in an extended project scenario. KW - Supply chain management (SCM) KW - Supplier relationship management KW - collaboration KW - trust KW - integration PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2044/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2044 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - MEASURING TIME SPENT IN VALUE-ADDING WORKSPACES USING SMARTWATCHES C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1440 EP - 1450 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0101 AU - Pérez, Cristina T. AU - Salling, Stephanie T. AU - Wandahl, Søren AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, cristina.toca.perez@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-1492 AD - Research Assistant, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, stsa@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-6458 AD - Professor, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, swa@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-6035 AB - This study addresses the lack of procedures for automatically measuring the share of time that construction workers spend on value-adding activities as a way to automate the work sampling technique. While previous studies aimed to automate this technique by focusing on activity recognition using sensors or video-based technologies, this research is concerned with identifying workers' locations on job sites using location-based sensors embedded in smartwatches. For this, the authors conducted a case study, which aims to measure the share of time workers spent in different outdoor workspaces. The study was carried out on a renovation project and involved five steps: (1) clarifying the workspace categories (production, preparation, and transportation); (2) data collection of carpenters' locations using geographic data points collected by smartwatches during 7 days; (3) data extraction and data aggregation; (4) data cleaning; and (5) data analysis using a Python script to automatize the classification of the data points into workspaces. The main contribution is a visual tool to visualize workers' positions on the job site in 2D. This information can be useful to indicate how many hours per day they spend in different workspaces and to understand the nature of a given construction activity. KW - Work flow KW - workspaces KW - smartwatches KW - digitization KW - visual management. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2045/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2045 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Learning From Delays in Daily Design Work – Comparison of Root Cause Analysis and Functional Resonance Analysis C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1013 EP - 1024 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0102 AU - Lappalainen, Eelon AU - Hänninen, Aku AU - Uusitalo, Petri AU - Seppänen, Olli AD - Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, eelon.lappalainen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-344X AD - Master of Science, Ideastructura Ltd., Finland, aku.hanninen@ideastructura.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-9451- 2725 AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, petri.uusitalo@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-906X AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-5924 AB - Procurement and construction work depend on error-free and on-time designs. However, the design process may be erroneous and behind schedule, which often causes cascading delays and problems in the construction process. Hence, when a major delay occurs, practitioners often query the design process, and much time and many resources may be required to find the root cause. However, minor delays and mistakes that occur in everyday work are not usually investigated, even though they can contain information necessary to avoid significant adverse events. This study aimed to determine how three deviations that occurred in a normal, well-progressing project can be investigated using two different methods, as well as the significance of small errors and events in preventing larger errors and events in the future. Root cause analysis and functional resonance analysis were the research methods. The findings of this study showed that slight variability in trivial design and design management tasks generated a considerable number of unnecessary tasks and delays. Therefore, examining variability in the outputs of tasks could benefit designers and design management KW - design KW - root cause analysis KW - Ishikawa diagram KW - functional resonance analysis KW - FRAM KW - RCA PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2046/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2046 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Examining the Gap Between Construction Software Modules and Lean Contractor Practices C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 13 EP - 23 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0103 AU - Stevens, Matt AU - Olayiwola, Kola AD - Lecturer, School of Engineering, Design and Construction Management. Western Sydney University, Kingswood NSW Australia, matt.stevens@westernsydney.edu.au, orcid.org/0000-0003-2301-1311 AD - PhD Student, School of Engineering, Design and Construction Management. Western Sydney University, Kingswood NSW Australia, k.olayiwola@westernsydney.edu.au, orcid.org/0000-0002-1025-66461 AB - Construction contracting software has existed for over three decades while this industry has suffered many of the same problems, such as disproportionately high bankruptcy rates and stagnant multifactor productivity. This paper reviewed industry software operating manuals and conducted executive interviews to examine a significant blind spot in the Australian construction industry. This gap is the lack of support their products give to the accepted practices of contractors' operations. Software developers appear to have not pursued the clear Lean ideal of "perfection". All their client's needs and wants have not been met. Many small and medium-sized contractors rely on customising computer spreadsheets to calculate supporting information needed to execute some practices. In contrast, others are unaware of the methods or have not taken this additional step. The researcher has identified eight specific processes to research software firms' product literature to discover the extent of the gap. The sources of these issues are many; however, tailoring construction software to enable effective practices while "hardwiring" them into a company's process could lessen industry problems. Lean Construction researchers have asserted that this is the potential of Information and Communication Technology through a "push" approach. KW - Construction software KW - contractor ICT KW - built environment technology PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2047/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2047 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Planned Percentage Completed in Construction – a Quantitative Review of Literature C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1104 EP - 1115 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0104 AU - Lappalainen, Eelon AU - Reinbold, Ana AU - Seppänen, Olli AD - Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, eelon.lappalainen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-344X AD - Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, ana.reinbold@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-7984 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-5924 AB - Although several systematic literature reviews have focused on the Last Planner® system (LPS) and lean construction, few reviews have focused solely on the planned percentage completed (PPC) value. In this light, the present quantitative literature review aims to synthesize individual PPC-related studies from around the world. The research data consisted of 36 peer-reviewed research articles and conference papers published between 1998 and 2021; in these, PPC values were presented such that they could be collected and analyzed quantitatively. As a main finding, a statistically significant difference was observed between the mean PPC values presented in studies published in lean-focused journals and other peer-reviewed journals. The mean PPC values published in lean-focused journals were lower than those published in other peer-reviewed journals. This may indicate that results with higher PPCs are selected for other peer-reviewed publications; therefore, a potential publication bias should be investigated further. The study also revealed mean PPC values over time and geography, thereby enabling an evaluation of the construction industry’s global progress by using PPC values as a benchmark. KW - lean construction KW - last planner KW - planned percentage completed (PPC) KW - literature review. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2048/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2048 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Strategies for the Implementation of Greenbim in a Developing Country C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 24 EP - 31 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0105 AU - Adekunle, Samuel A. AU - Aigbavboa, Clinton AU - Ejohwomu, Obuks AU - Ikuabe, Matthew AU - Aregbesola, Tunde AD - Postdoctoral research fellow, University of Johannesburg, adekunlesamueladeniyi@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000- 0002-9230-2924 AD - Professor, University of Johannesburg, caigbavboa@uj.ac.za, orcid.org/0000-0002-9230-2924 AD - Associate professor, University of Manchester, obuks.ejohwomu@manchester.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002- 9230-2924 AD - Postdoctoral research fellow, University of Johannesburg, matthewikuabe@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002- 9230-2924 AD - PhD candidate, University of Johannesburg, aregbesolaganiu13@gmail.com AB - Incorporating BIM and green buildings is a continuous task in the construction industry to achieve sustainable designs and achieve energy efficiency and performance. It entails integrating BIM, building energy performance assessment and sustainable design. Achieving GreenBIM in the construction industry has, however, struggled to achieve this successfully. This study identified the strategies for achieving the implementation of GreenBIM in a developing country context. Data was collected using a well-structured questionnaire from construction industry professionals in South Africa. The collected data were appropriately analysed. It was found that industry leadership, support assistance and promotion of BIM education programmes were the top three strategies for achieving GreenBIM. The study identified and ranked the strategies. This is important for industry stakeholders to achieve the implementation of GreenBIM KW - BIM KW - Sustainability KW - South Africa KW - sustainable construction KW - SDG PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2049/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2049 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Utilising Design Thinking to Refine Customer Requirements – a Case Study Using the Concrete Supply Chain as an Example C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1630 EP - 1640 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0106 AU - Wolber, Jan AU - Cisterna, Diego AU - Tercan, Özgür AU - Haghsheno, Shervin AU - Lauble, Svenja AD - Research Fellow, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, jan.wolber@kit.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1585 AD - Research Fellow. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, 76131 Karlsruhe, diego.cisterna@kit.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-4282-1141 AD - Research Fellow, Deutscher Beton- und Bautechnik-Verein E.V.; tercan@betonverein.de AD - 4 Professor. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, 76131 Karlsruhe, shervin.haghsheno@kit.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-6370 AD - Research Fellow. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, 76131 Karlsruhe, svenja.lauble@kit.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-1791 AB - The concrete supply and value chain in Germany is characterised by a large number of project participants and, as a result, numerous interfaces must be regulated continuously in every building project. The industry’s high degree of fragmentation leads to a situation where information must be prepared and transferred from one system to another with a great deal of manual effort. However, initial attempts to establish a continuous information chain using digital technologies did not bring the desired success. It became clear that the past attempts placed an excessive emphasis on technological aspects and neglected the needs of the actual users. This paper describes a human-centred research methodology that puts the human being and therefore the ultimate customer more in the foreground and actively involves the person in the development of solution concepts. The aim is to reduce waste as well as repetitive and unnecessary activities for those involved in the concrete supply chain. For this purpose, the Design Thinking method is used and adapted to the current context. Summarized this paper contributes an exemplary procedure on how to use Design Thinking to refine customer requirements using the concrete supply chain as an example. KW - Collaboration KW - customisation KW - logistics KW - Design Thinking KW - concrete supply chain. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2050/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2050 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Fuzzy Framework for Contractor Selection on IPD Projects C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 276 EP - 284 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0107 AU - Malaeb, Zeina AU - ElMenshawy, Mohamed AU - Badreddine, Anas AU - Azakir, Omar AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, malaeb@ualberta.ca AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, elmensha@ualberta.ca AD - MSc. Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, badreddi@ualberta.ca AD - MSc. Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, azakir@ualberta.ca AD - Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca AB - The construction industry is characterized by complexity, budget and schedule overruns, quality and safety problems, and increased claims and disputes. To successfully manage the inherent complexity of construction projects, optimal contractor selection is integral for project success. Choosing the best-fit contractor is especially important in Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), since this procurement route relies heavily on the efficient collaboration of project stakeholders and necessitates trust to guarantee successful outcomes. However, the numerous methods and tools for contractor selection in the literature target traditional delivery routes and are unsuitable for IPD, considering the latter’s distinct features and stakeholder roles. As such, owners transitioning to IPD do not fully understand the requirements for optimal contractor selection, which jeopardizes the success of IPD projects. To address this need, this paper conducts a comprehensive literature review and investigates twelve unique IPD case studies to identify contractor selection criteria important to IPD. The paper presents a decision-making framework for contractor selection in IPD projects, using the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), that provides an indication of the best-fit contractor for the IPD project. This research fills a significant gap in the literature by providing a tool to assist IPD practitioners to select the right contractor KW - Contractor selection KW - fuzzy inference system (FIS) KW - integrated project delivery (IPD) KW - qualification-based selection KW - multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tool PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2051/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2051 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Inventory and Piling Waste: A Computer Vision Approach C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 435 EP - 444 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0108 AU - Chauhan, Inshu AU - Lappalainen, Eelon AU - Reinbold, Ana AU - Palsola, Ilari AU - Seppänen, Olli AD - Doctoral Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, inshu.chauhan@aalto.fi, orcid.org/ 0000-0002-3257-2535 AD - Doctoral Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, eelon.lappalainen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-344X AD - Doctoral Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, ana.reinbold@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0002-7774-7984 AD - Project Engineer, Lean and Last Planner in construction, Fimpec PMO Ltd., Finland, ilari.palsola@fimpec.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-2144 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-5924 AB - Construction sites contain a lot of waste, and eliminating it enables productivity gains and health and safety improvements. Computer vision is a promising technology that is being used in various construction applications. Construction sites with limited human resources could benefit from automated computer vision-based waste analysis. This paper presents preliminary findings related to the algorithm-based waste detection of piling works and explores potential applications from a visual management perspective. An experimental approach was used in the study, and images from a construction site in Finland were used to train the algorithm. The main findings revealed that the amount of waste shown by the images was substantial and that ground-level and drone images could be combined to create a comprehensive view of pile waste inventories. This paper also presents potential applications of image-based pattern recognition for infrastructure sites where the use of drone and ground-level images is standard practice. Several problems emerged when using transfer learning to train the algorithm, the most significant of which were variations in the scenery of images used for training and the limited number of images. The solutions to these problems lie in collecting more data and experimenting with other deep learning-based methods which will be explored in future. KW - Lean construction KW - waste KW - visual management KW - computer vision KW - piling. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2052/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2052 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Enhancing Earned Value Analysis With Instrinsic Schedule Performance Metrics C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1116 EP - 1126 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0109 AU - Bosché, Frédéric AU - Larabi-Tchalaia, Kat AD - Reader, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, f.bosche@ed.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-4064-8982 AD - Civil Engineer, Assystem UK Ltd, Bristol UK, klarabitchalaia@assystem.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-8078-4743 AB - The Earned Value Analysis (EVA) is a well-known, widely taught and used project monitoring method in both public and private sectors. It nonetheless has some limitations that have led to the emergence of complementary methods like the Earned Schedule (ES) or the Earned Duration Method (EDM). In this paper, another method is proposed that aims to address the limitations of EVA in terms of schedule performance assessment. This method introduces intrinsic schedule performance metrics that (1) ensure that the schedule performance of the overall project and that of individual work packages (WPs) can be measured reliably and independently from the performance of preceding WPs; and (2) do not converge to neutral values at the end of the project or WP (e.g. schedule variance converging to zero). This means that not only are project managers provided with reliable data throughout the entire project, but it also allows to record the real schedule performance of past projects for benchmarking and future planning. The proposed metrics and their application are demonstrated using simulations illustrating their benefits, or complementarity with current EVA metrics. KW - Earned value analysis KW - project KW - schedule KW - performance KW - monitoring PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2053/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2053 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Assessment of Lean Guided Construction Project Monitoring and Evaluation Practices: Issues and Challenges C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1127 EP - 1137 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0110 AU - Fatai, Ogunbayo Babatunde AU - Ohis, Aigbavboa Clinton AU - Liphadzi, Murendeni AU - Stephen, Ramabodu Molusiwa AU - Bola, Ogunbayo Shakirat AD - Post Doctoral Research Fellow, cidb Centre of Excellence & Sustainable Human Settlement and Construction Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, tundeogunbayo7@gmail.com, orcid.org/ 0000-0002-4334-9136 AD - Professor, cidb Centre of Excellence & Sustainable Human Settlement and Construction Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, caigbavboa@uj.acza, orcid.org/ 0000-0003-2866-3706 AD - Lecturer, cidb Centre of Excellence & Sustainable Human Settlement and Construction Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, mliphadzi@uj.ac.za AD - Senior Lecturer, Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, molusiwar@uj.ac.za AD - PhD, Department of Education Management Law and Policy, Faculty of Education University of Pretoria, South Africa, shakiratbola83@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-1599-3151 AB - Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) practices in construction projects are valuable for managing the execution and ensuring quality project delivery. However, implementing the lean-guided M&E practice in construction projects faces different issues and challenges. The study considered issues and challenges in lean-guided monitoring and evaluation practices for construction projects in South Africa. A field survey was carried out among construction professionals in Mpumalanga province, South Africa, to identify issues and challenges they faced in lean-guided M&E practices on construction project activities. A random sampling method was used to collect data, and 36 questionnaires were retrieved from the construction professionals within the study area. Data collected were computed using a descriptive statistical approach. The valid mean item score was determined in this study by utilizing a statistical data equation (mathematical equation). The study's findings showed that lack of dedicated management staff, proper documentation, and construction project goals were the highestranked challenges facing lean-guided M&E practices in construction projects. The study concluded that construction professionals should be trained on lean principles and their application in different aspects of construction management and planning to improve the M&E practices on construction sites to achieve set project goals. KW - Construction projects KW - monitoring and evaluation KW - lean construction KW - lean thinking KW - South Africa PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2054/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2054 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Developing a Framework for Assessing Team Alignment in Construction Using TVD C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 858 EP - 869 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0111 AU - Najafizadeh, Nazanin AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - MSc graduate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3, nnajafiz@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0009-0009-5835-1851 AD - Associate Professor, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 AB - Customers’ value is crucial to the success of a construction project, and team alignment is required to steer projects toward their intended value. Alignment is when the right people work together on a project to generate and achieve values that are consistently communicated and accepted. In the architecture, engineering, and building industry, teamwork challenges are inevitable. The existence of a team does not guarantee the success of the project, and a dysfunctional team might result in project failure, wasting resources such as time, money, and energy. Target value design (TVD) is a lean approach that leads the design and construction phases to meet project objectives while adhering to team and project limits. Based on their values, each project has different conditions, facts, or impacts that help strengthen team alignment (factors). Additionally, a team that is aligned has particular qualities that are recognized as attributes. Measuring and assessing team performance based on TVD using factors is complex. This research fills the gap in the literature review concerning the measurement and assessment of team alignment. The process and its results could help construction project leaders regularly assess and identify team strengths and weaknesses to improve team alignment. A case study is also presented to apply the proposed framework to measure team alignment on a construction project, to improve team performance. KW - Lean construction KW - target value design KW - collaboration KW - and team alignment. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2055/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2055 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Building a Lean House With the Theory of Constraints for Construction Operations in Zimbabwe: A Conceptual Framework C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 870 EP - 881 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0112 AU - Moyo, Cynthia AU - Emuze, Fidelis AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Construction Management, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa, cynthiamhungu@gmail.com, orcid.org/0009-0004-5539-9298 AD - Professor, Department of Built Environment, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, femuze@cut.ac.za, ORCID.org/0000-0001-7714-4457 AB - The poor performance of construction projects in Zimbabwe, evidenced by cost overruns, extensive delays, reworks, defects, and accidents, has resulted in the need for cost-effective strategies such as the theory of constraints and lean construction (LC). This is because Lean drives out waste, and the theory of constraints (TOC) identifies constraints on which to act to improve performance. By focusing Lean initiatives on construction projects, TOC will lead to better improvements in performance. Although similar studies have been undertaken in other countries, they need to be more contextually relevant due to the myriad of economic challenges synonymous with the Zimbabwean construction industry. A critical review of relevant literature was conducted to observe how TOC allows for identifying constraints hindering progress on construction projects while LC tools would provide solutions. In effect, LC and TOC could reverse poor outcomes of construction operations in Zimbabwe. This conceptual paper thus proposes a framework that identifies constraints using TOC, followed by an evaluation of Lean tools suitable to deal with the identified constraints. The foundation of the lean house will engender effective problem-solving to remove bottlenecks in the design and construction processes. KW - Construction operations KW - Lean KW - theory of constraints KW - performance KW - Zimbabwe PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2056/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2056 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Kaizen Event Enabled by System Engineering in an Infrastructure Project C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1451 EP - 1462 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0113 AU - Stevens, Matt AU - Eghbaljoo, Ali AU - Thevissen, Frans AD - AD - AD - AB - A Kaizen Event is a well-defined and accepted approach to construction outcome improvement. However, rising project complexity is making this a very involved process if it is to be successful. System Engineering (SE) is an emerging practice that can address project complication. This paper will share a journey of a SE team on how to streamline sophisticated internal processes that manifest in better safety, quality and productivity when improved. SE is a recent innovation emerging as an essential discipline considered state-of-the-art. It crystallises the integrated processes of work and their outcomes on projects and allows constructors to standardise their best practices effectively. This case study of a mega infrastructure rail project in Australia is a relatively brief treatment of a complex process, its factors and its results. The project work package delivery was improved, including lower cost, as they were sequentially built. For the future, rapid urbanisation and climate change effects are increasing in Australia, and contractors must respond efficaciously for all stakeholders for the greater society to benefit. Mastering Lean principles such as Kaizen Events can help mitigate or minimise long-suffered construction industry problems. KW - Lean construction KW - SESA KW - system engineering KW - kaizen event KW - continuous improvement PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2057/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2057 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Safety Culture in Construction Industry of Nepal C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 365 EP - 376 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0114 AU - Neupane, Prajwol AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - Graduate student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, prajwol@ualberta.ca AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca AB - Safety culture is a critical aspect of ensuring safe and productive construction sites. However, many studies in the field of construction that focus on safety culture overlook the unique attributes of construction environments. Current models for safety culture in construction fail to fully encompass the dynamic and diverse nature of construction sites where individuals with differing backgrounds, professions, and levels of experience collaborate to complete projects. These individuals not only come from different cultures and speak different languages, but they also have various psychological, behavioral, and knowledge traits that can affect their safety practices and behaviors. Moreover, different organizations have different settings and perceptions about the safety of their workers and workplace, which can further complicate the development of effective safety cultures in construction. Therefore, there is a clear need for research that focuses on developing more context-specific models for safety culture in construction that can account for these unique attributes and complexities (Hallowell et al., 2016; Hinze and Tracey, 2016; Lingard et al., 2018). The present study presents a framework that incorporates multiple facets of safety culture, including psychological factors, organizational factors, knowledge and awareness, behavioral factors, safe working conditions, safety-oriented climate, resilience, and unsafe behaviors. The proposed framework captures the relationship between these variables and the safety culture of the construction industry in Nepal. The results inferred from the analysis of the survey showed that among the eight variables included in the study (psychological dimension, organizational dimension, knowledge dimension, behavioral dimension, safe workplace, safety climate, resilience, and unsafe behavior), seven of them (excluding unsafe behavior) had a direct positive impact on safety culture in the construction industry of Nepal. In other words, these seven variables were found to be positively associated with the development of a strong safety culture in the construction industry of Nepal. On the other hand, unsafe behavior was found to have a negative impact on safety culture, implying that if workers engage in unsafe behavior, it can undermine the development of a positive safety culture in the workplace. KW - Safety practice KW - safety culture KW - construction. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2058/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2058 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Building Information Modelling (BIM) for Project Planning: Measures to Improve Its Adoption C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 32 EP - 40 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0115 AU - Akinradewo, Opeoluwa AU - Oguntona, Olusegun AU - Ogunbayo, Babatunde AU - Aigbavboa, Clinton AU - Chimbadzwa, Gilbert AD - Doctoral Candidate, cidb Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, opeakinradewo@gmail.com, orcid.org/ 0000-0002-4462-0960 AD - Senior Lecturer, Department of Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Butterworth, South Africa, ooguntona@wsu.ac.za, orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8963-8796 AD - 3 Postdoctoral Fellow, cidb Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, babatundeo@uj.ac.za, orcid.org/ 0000-0002-4334-9136 AD - 4 Professor, cidb Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, caigbavboa@uj.ac.za, orcid.org/ 0000-0003-2866-3706 AD - BSc. Honours Student, Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, gilbert21ch@gmail.com AB - The Architecture Engineering and Construction Industry (AEC) uses Building Information Modelling (BIM) to simplify and enhance sustainability in construction projects. The industry experiences difficulties in achieving project success globally and nationally due to insufficient planning. Technology is required to address this issue by incorporating it into the project planning phase. Therefore, BIM is considered the necessary tool to bridge this gap. This research aims to examine the advantages of implementing BIM during the project planning stage of construction projects. To gather data, a quantitative research approach was employed, and professionals in the South African built environment were surveyed using a questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Findings from the analysis discovered that the top three measures to improve BIM implementation for project planning in the construction industry are competitive advantage, cost and time savings, and collaboration among AEC professionals. The research concluded that these measures could encourage the adoption of BIM among construction professionals in South Africa. KW - BIM KW - built environment KW - collaboration KW - management KW - project planning. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2059/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2059 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Overcoming the Barriers Toward Widespread Adoption of Prefabrication: An Approach Involving Emerging Technologies C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 699 EP - 710 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0116 AU - Nguyen, Tran Duong AU - Pishdad-Bozorgi, Pardis AD - Ph. D student, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, dnguyen458@gatech.edu, https://darch221.wixsite.com/nguyentranduong, 0000-0002-0024-4828 AD - Ph. D, Associate Professor, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, pardis.pishdad@design.gatech.edu, https://bc.gatech.edu/people/pardis-pishdad-bozorgi, 0000-0003-4208- 9755 AB - Today, prefabricated construction is rapidly expanding due to the development of factoryprefabricated components, fast construction site assembly, and sustainability. Despite the advantages, there are several problems, such as a lack of process standardization, poor communication and coordination, a lack of variety and transportation logistics, and a lack of trust and collaboration among stakeholders. Fortunately, the successful evolution of emerging technologies has facilitated growth in the building sector. By implementing literature reviews, this research aims to understand better the issues disrupting the widespread adoption of prefabricated construction and integrate innovative solutions and approaches to these issues. We will discuss prefabricated construction and its applications within the building sector by (1) comparing it to conventional construction method; (2) investigating the advantages and barriers toward widespread adoption of prefabricated construction; (3) developing an approach for applying advanced technologies in prefabrication, and (4) applying an approach to demonstrate how prefabrication overcomes conventional building issues. Our research suggests that an integrated approach combining advanced technologies during the prefabrication process will help solve the most significant problems that construction projects face, such as productivity, quality, safety, and sustainability. Additionally, the integration will provide a promising strategy to transform the construction industry from traditional to industrial. KW - Prefabrication KW - modular construction KW - off-site construction KW - Building Information Modeling KW - Blockchain. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2060/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2060 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Repeatable, Scalable, Global Implementation of Optimized Cycle-Time Flow (OCF) C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1138 EP - 1148 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0117 AU - Gabai, Doron S. AU - Kennard, Nikita S. AU - Sacks, Rafael AU - Miera, Mark K. AU - Cloyd, Tabitha D. AD - PMP, PgMP, LCI Israel Chairman, Strategic Planner, Intel Corporation, AZ Construction, USA. doron.gabai@intel.com, https://www.lci-israel.org/, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8297-2476 AD - OCF Research Specialist, Intel Corporation, AZ Construction, USA. nikita.kennard@intel.com AD - Professor, Virtual Construction Laboratory, Faculty of Civil and Env. Eng. Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, cvsacks@technion.ac.il, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9427-5053 AD - PMP, Senior Director of Construction, Intel Corporation, AZ Construction, USA. mark.k.miera@intel.com AD - Director of Construction, Intel Corporation, AZ Construction, USA. tabitha.d.cloyd@intel.com AB - Optimized Cycle-Time Flow (OCF) is a comprehensive lean construction approach to portfolio, process, and operations management of design, demolition, and tool installation projects. It comprises seven principles which teams can implement in sequence to align resources across a portfolio of projects, remove constraints, and plan for continuous uninterrupted execution of each project once it has started. Beginning in 2018, it has been applied to increasingly larger portfolios of projects in an expanding set of Intel facilities, generating consistently reliable results with up to 50% reductions in project cycle-time. A plethora of quantitative data collected through action research over five years indicate that the characteristics of OCF make it more resilient and persistent than many lean construction interventions, overcoming the various barriers to implementation discussed in the literature. The results indicate that OCF principles, vertical integration, leadership, and education make OCF repeatable and scalable. Applying these features to lean construction implementations may help practitioners achieve better results. KW - Action Research KW - Constraint Management KW - Last Planner® System KW - Optimized Cycle-Time Flow (OCF) KW - Production Control KW - Strategic Integration & Planning PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2061/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2061 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Workshop for Learning Visual Management in Japan: A Report C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 620 EP - 628 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0118 AU - Murata, Koichi AD - Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Director, Operation and Production Management Laboratory, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Chiba, JAPAN, koichi.murata30@nihon-u.ac.jp, orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-806X AB - This paper provides a report regarding a visual management workshop conducted for business persons in Japan from September to December 2022. The aim of the workshop was to aid the participants in solving their problems via the visual management theory developed. Based on literature review, recent research trends pertaining to visual management show that the concept has disseminated widely. Nonetheless, the presence of various related studies with different contexts suggests the insufficient understanding of the concept. Hence, academics must endeavour to explain the details of visual management in a unified manner such that it can be applied more effectively. The purpose of this study is to address such issues based on the workshop above, as well as to describe and discuss the state of the workshop. For the study, the plan–do–check–action (PDCA) cycle, which is a well-established problem-solving process used in various fields, is applied. This paper summarises the workshop based on four categories: planning, implementation, evaluation, and discussion (based on the PDCA cycle). Data obtained from the workshop include relevant materials, observations from the workshop, as well as interviews with the participants. The conclusions obtained are as follows: First, participants from various industries with their respective issues can participate in the workshop. Second, the outcome of the workshop, i.e., the understanding that visual management connects people, instead of being a tool, is recognised by all the participants. KW - Visual management KW - lean education KW - workshop KW - PDCA cycle KW - Japan context. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2062/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2062 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Framework for Design Waste Mitigation in Off-Site Construction C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1025 EP - 1036 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0119 AU - Dazmiri, Danial Gholinezhad AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - MSc graduate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, gholinez@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-7340 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 AB - The recent global pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to the construction industry's survival. Therefore, even minor improvements and the elimination of small sources of waste are crucial. Although they constitute a small percentage of total construction costs, hasty designs and design errors have the potential to be one of the most significant sources of waste within the industry. Also, offsite construction involves a high degree of precision and efficiency. Any waste during the design process can result in time delays, cost overruns, and suboptimal final product performance. The design process should aim for minimal waste to avoid potential delays or errors during construction or manufacturing that could lead to wasted resources and money. To address this challenge, a framework based on lean principles has been developed to minimize waste during the design process for offsite construction. The primary objective is to incorporate lean principles and tools to address waste reduction quantitatively and measurably. Proposed solutions aim to eliminate or reduce these activities, and a framework is presented to guide organizations in mapping out the necessary steps. To assess the recommended interventions, statistical analysis and simulation methods are introduced. The framework is intended to help evaluate processes and increase efficiency during the design phase for off-site construction and built-to-order companies. The innovation of this framework lies in its precise procedures and guidance for improving these phases using Lean tools, which could provide significant benefits for off-site construction and built-to-order companies. KW - Off-site construction KW - waste KW - value stream KW - design science KW - simulation. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2063/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2063 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Product and Process Complexity in Construction: An Exploratory Study Using Bill-of-Materials (Bom) C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 711 EP - 722 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0120 AU - Zani, Carolina Melecardi AU - Rocha, Cecilia Gravina da AD - PhD Student, Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. carolina.zani.21@ucl.ac.uk ORCID 0000-0002-2649-2432 AD - Senior Lecturer, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, Bldg 11, Lv 11, NSW 2007, Australia. cecilia.rocha@uts.edu.au ORCID 0000-0001-6764- 1724 AB - Modularity has been applied in the automotive and computer industries to simplify production and supply chain management. Instead of coping with dozens of hundreds of parts, these are grouped into modules produced and delivered by suppliers, simplifying products assembly. Bill-of-Materials (BOM) is a technique used in manufacturing to map the modules that form a product at distinct hierarchical levels. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, such technique has not been widely explored in construction to assess the complexity involved in buildings production. This paper uses BOM in an empirical case (a house of approximately 400 square meters built in Southeast region of Brazil) to analyse (i) the total number of different modules forming a building and (ii) how these modules are distributed throughout the work packages for producing such building. The results show that the studied house is formed by (at least) 522 different modules, which are unevenly distributed across 18 work packages. Some work packages (e.g. concrete pillars and walls) have more than 200 modules whereas others (e.g. foundations) have less than 10. This suggests the potential for repackaging and organizing the delivery of modules as kits to ease production tasks. KW - Complexity KW - modularity KW - modules KW - work packages KW - work structuring PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2064/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2064 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Master Schedule Optimisation With the Use of Flowlines and Performance Data C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1463 EP - 1474 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0121 AU - Murguia, Danny AU - Rathnayake, Asitha AU - Middleton, Campbell AD - Research Associate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, dem52@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-4058 AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, agbrr2@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000- 0002-1389-7801 AD - 3 Professor of Construction Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, prof@construction.cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-0680 AB - In the UK construction industry, Gantt charts and the Critical Path Method (CPM) are the institutionalised and accepted tools for managing construction programmes. Together with the lack of a consistent measurement framework, little is known about current productivity levels and the opportunities for improvement. Using the case of four buildings in London, this paper aims to develop a strategy to optimise the duration of master schedules using real project data and optimised production rates. Data were collected during the structural works and translated into master-level flowlines. Key performance metrics were extracted: start-to-start duration (between levels), number of concrete pours per level, batch area, and production rates. The results showed a high spread of variability in performance within and between projects. However, higher production rates are associated with shorter start-to-start durations between consecutive levels, a higher number of slab concrete pours per level, smaller batch areas, and higher prefabrication levels. The results were applied to the building with the lowest performance. Increasing the number of slab pours would reduce the programme by 39% and increase the production rate by 65%. Whilst more performance data is required to build up a robust database, these initial findings can provide contractors and clients with evidence that there is room for improvement. A client was engaged during this research and is willing to prescribe flowlines and performance metrics in future projects. KW - Batching KW - flowlines KW - master schedule KW - performance KW - productivity. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2065/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2065 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - What Is the Complexity of Production Planning and Control? C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1149 EP - 1159 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0122 AU - Zegarra, Omar AU - Alarcón, Luis Fernando AD - Doctor of Engineering Science, Department of Construction Management Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, E-mail: ozegarra@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0001-7811-7637 AD - PhD, Professor, Dep. of Construction Management Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, E-mail: lalarcon@ing.puc.cl, (56 2) 354-4201, (56 2) 354 4244, orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-2272 AB - Questionable project performance is a common issue in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry, with one contributing factor being the degree of difficulty or complexity of the project. One effective approach to address this issue is to improve the system of production planning and control (PP&C). This strategy, as per the literature, had evolved to include up to four different types of PP&C mechanisms that are related to ´business´, ´production´, ´virtual´, and ´complex´ aspects. Nonetheless, despite the progress, PP&C still disregards various complexity-related aspects. To address this issue, we analyzed the concept of the ´Complexity of PP&C´. This paper discusses its definition, elements, and role. It was found PP&C complexity involves three aspects: project complexity, outcomes complexity, and structural complexity. Thus, we conceptualized PP&C complexity as a feature of the behaviour of outcomes that emerge to answer project stimulus driven by the interaction between the elements of the structure of PP&C, a feature that is both a risk and an opportunity for performance improvement. This perspective offers new insights for PP&C evolution and improvement, although further work is still required. KW - Production planning and control KW - complexity. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2066/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2066 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Factors Influencing Cycle Times in Offsite Construction C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 723 EP - 734 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0123 AU - Alsakka, Fatima AU - Yu, Haitao AU - Hamzeh, Farook AU - Al-Hussein, Mohamed AD - PhD candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, falsakka@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-1777-1875 AD - Canada, falsakka@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-1777-1875 2 Research and Development, Landmark Group of Companies Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, haitaoy@landmarkgroup.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-4867 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 AD - Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, malhussein@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-9718 AB - In offsite construction, various factors contribute to variability in cycle times at workstations in production facilities, leading to imbalanced production lines. Understanding these factors is vital for implementing Heijunka, a fundamental lean principle that consists of levelling out the work schedule. This study presents a qualitative approach for identifying and understanding factors that influence variable cycle times at the workstation level. The application of the approach is demonstrated in reference to a semi-automated framing workstation in a panelised construction facility. A list of 36 potential influencing factors categorised into eight classes is first compiled based on observation of the process, a cross-functional diagram, and a review of relevant studies, and then discussed based on feedback solicited from personnel at the case framing station through a semi-structured interview. The approach, its application, and the results demonstrate the effect of expending effort on the identification and understanding of cycle time-influencing factors in improving the accuracy of cycle time analysis, thereby facilitating the implementation of Heijunka. KW - Offsite construction KW - lean construction KW - cycle time KW - influencing factors KW - Heijunka. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2067/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2067 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Perception of Project Management Among Construction Workers: A Survey in Denmark C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 882 EP - 893 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0124 AU - Salling, Stephanie T. AU - Pérez, Cristina T. AU - Wandahl, Søren AD - Research Assistant, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, stsa@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-6458 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, cristina.toca.perez@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-1492 AD - Professor, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, swa@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-6035 AB - According to the Lean philosophy, continuous improvement relies on an investment in people, and Lean methods and tools cannot be sustained without labor. Hence, knowledge about workers' job satisfaction is highly valuable for improving the efficiency of the construction industry. For that reason, a survey was created and applied to understand the level of job satisfaction among construction workers in Denmark within three areas: (1) Project Management; (2) Work Environment; and (3) Health and Safety. The descriptive survey method was adopted as the primary research approach. The study comprised five steps: (1) link to the theoretical level; (2) survey design; (3) pilot test; (4) data collection; and (5) data analysis. This paper presents a part of the survey results concerning project management. The results reveal the most significant issues to be unrealistic commitment plans and poor communication with management and other stakeholders. Respondents generally feel encouraged to suggest improvements to the current practice, however, their knowledge about Lean concepts is very limited. The paper presents two contributions: (1) the identification of the perception of project management among construction workers in Denmark and (2) a survey template that can be applied by others to understand construction workers’ job satisfaction levels KW - Job satisfaction KW - survey KW - lean construction KW - collaboration KW - culture of respect PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2068/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2068 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Framework of Interaction Between ICT, Process, and People in Construction: A Case Study C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 894 EP - 904 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0125 AU - TM, Vijayashree AU - Lota, Paramjit Singh AU - Dave, Bhargav AD - Implementation Consultant, VisiLean, vijayashree@visilean.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-4552-0873 AD - Manager – Customer Success, VisiLean, paramjit.lota@visilean.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-4187-337X AD - 3 CEO, VisiLean, bhargav@visilean.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-506X AB - The construction industry is often criticised for lacking a holistic view on applying Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to improve project efficiency. Integration of the three core organisational aspects of people, process, and Information Technology (IT) must be realised to bring true benefits in construction project delivery. However, the industry has not yet reached significant maturity in achieving this synchronisation. The research follows a case study-based approach where the authors were involved in the implementation of an ICT solution that helped streamline project planning and execution through effective collaboration on a Data Centre retrofitting project in USA. The research demonstrates the importance of effective communication through efficient information management by deploying ICT which helped overcome inherent process inefficiencies and challenges on the case study project. Based on the observations, the authors have proposed a framework that highlights the interaction of ICT, people, and process, and mapped the results achieved on this project through their integration PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2069/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2069 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Sustainability as Target Value – a Parametric Approach C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 445 EP - 453 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0127 AU - Lombardo, Sebastiano AU - Hindenes, Arve AU - Aslesen, Sigmund AU - Reff, Sigmund AD - Associate Professor, Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway, sebastiano.lombardo@bi.no AD - Design Manager, Veidekke Bygg Norge, Norway, arve.hindenes@veidekke.no AD - Development Manager, Veidekke Bygg Norge, Oslo, Norway, sigmund.aslesen@veidekke.no AD - Site Manager, Veidekke Bygg Norge, Oslo, Norway, sire@veidekke.no AB - Our time is characterized by climate changes that impose sustainability in every industrial activity, an additional objective to our design and construction processes. The classic Lean Construction approach needs to be further developed to take sufficient care of the sustainability issue. The design of modern buildings is a work process that can be set up and run with tools that secure a more sustainable final product. This study proposes to extend the classic range of objectives pursued by the Lean construction approach, as to include sustainability in the design process, in a systematic and structured way. The case of a building project is analyzed. In the early design stages, advanced structural design tools are used to explore various alternative designs of the bearing structure. The structural design tools are combined with tools used to calculate embodied carbon in the construction. The levels of embodied carbon following each of the many possible, alternative, structural solutions are estimated. These insights are provided to the owner in a very early stage of the design process. Through these design practices owners and investors can add sustainability targets to the classical project targets (cost, quality, time), and include sustainability as a part of the fulfillment of the client’s functional needs. KW - Lean construction KW - Target Value Delivery (TVD) KW - sustainability. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2070/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2070 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Defining CO2 Emissions of a Construction Project on the Basis of Programmatic Information C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 454 EP - 461 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0128 AU - Pennanen, Ari AU - Metsärinne, Saku AU - Haahtela, Pyry AD - Professor of Practice, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland. Partner, Haahtela Group, Helsinki, ari.pennanen@haahtela.fi AD - Head of Product Development, Haahtela Group, Helsinki, saku.metsarinne@haahtela.fi AD - Chief Operations Officer, Haahtela Group, Helsinki, pyry.haahtela@haahtela.fi AB - The environmental impact that a product has over its subsequent life is largely determined by decisions taken during the delivery process, i.e. defining needs for the product, choice of geometry, and choice of materials (Ashby W.R). Ashby’s description is universal, covering all kinds of products. But if we make an interpretation to construction, environmental impact is due to 1) programming process (needs for the product), 2) massing during preliminary design (choice of geometry), and 3) choice of materials during detailed design. At the moment, CO2 emissions are mostly defined from the use of materials during detailed design and construction, and from life cycle consumptions based on detailed design. In the detailed design stage, quantities of materials can be measured. And, as the mass of the building, internal conditions (e.g. internal climate) and external conditions (e.g. climate) are known, life cycle emissions can be modeled (or actually, calculated). The problem is that this kind of approach does not involve a project definition or early massing during preliminary design to challenge designers to consider CO2 emissions as they steer early design forward. However, the most important decisions in relation to environmental impact are done during programming and massing in the preliminary design stage. If we set a question whether we need an auditorium or not, the decision made affects vastly more than latter decisions of the materials of the supposed auditorium. The need for an auditorium is not a design problem, rather it is a functional (i.e. programming) problem. And onwards, massing during preliminary design dictates the quantities of the materials measured later (more or less efficient massing, corridors, compact or scattered, more or fewer floors, etc). Longer distances between customer functions affect the quantities of staircases, external wall, air exchange ducts, cabling and site processes during construction in site (Pennanen, Ballard, Haahtela). The authors argue herein that life cycle analysis (LCA) calculations should be used to help customers set goals, i.e., LCA should be used to steer design. Similarly, LCA should steer contractors and designers in detailed design. If CO2 emissions are defined only from material quantities of detailed design, analysis is then rather declarative than helping to steer the design, as the calculation happens after the last responsible moment for programming and material selection. This paper presents a theory and applications to involve the client and early design to proactive steering of CO2 emissions during programming and early design; allowing all partto collaboratively determine what CO2 emission goals to set for a project as well as how best to achieve those goals. KW - Lean and green. Product development KW - value and design management. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2071/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2071 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Can Advanced Work Packaging Become a Lean Method? C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1475 EP - 1486 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0129 AU - Sepúlveda, Italo AU - Alarcón, Luis F. AU - Barkokebas, Beda AD - PhD Student, Department Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, ilsepulveda@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-6019-9344 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, lalarcon@ing.puc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-2272 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, bbarkokebas@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-0054-1320 AB - Advanced Work Packaging (AWP) is rapidly becoming a popular methodology to improve efficiency in construction projects. It is an innovative approach to project management that focuses on the planning, organization, and control of construction tasks on the job site is based on the idea that by organizing work effectively and reducing lead times, it is possible to maximize efficiency and productivity in construction. Nevertheless, Lean Construction (LC) practitioners identified significant shortcomings in AWP such as the lack of attention to buffers while arguing that this methodology is not effective in a practical setting. In this context, this research presents a literature review identifying the criticism of LC practitioners to AWP while identifying similarities and possible synergies where both approaches can complement each other to render better results during the delivery of construction projects. This research identifies the implementation of the Last Planner System® (LPS®) as means to address significant AWP shortcomings identified by LC practitioners while taking advantage of AWP’s structured approach to better apply LC concepts. Therefore, the identified synergies and combination of both approaches will contribute to more efficient processes and improvement of construction practices. KW - Advanced Work Packaging KW - Workface Planning KW - Lean construction KW - Integration KW - Collaboration. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2072/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2072 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Handoffs Between Takt Train Wagons: a Systematic Literature Review C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1487 EP - 1497 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0130 AU - Andreassen, Mikal AU - Drevland, Frode AD - MSc Student, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, orcid.org/0000- 0002-6271-8267 AD - Associate Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, +47 920 64 262, frode.drevland@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-1564 AB - Recent years have seen increased use of takt planning. With takt planning, trades are organized as wagons in a train moving through takt areas in the building. Using takt plans may result in hundreds of handoffs, where finished takt areas are passed on to the subsequent wagons in the train. How these handoffs are carried out can significantly impact a project. This paper aims to gain an overview of the research literature on takt handoffs in construction projects. The paper identifies and analyses what has been written about handoffs in the takt literature through a structured literature review. The study identified 122 papers on takt in construction. While none of the identified papers dealt directly with handoffs, 22 had some discussion of handoff-related issues. From the literature, the paper identifies several issues related to takt handoffs and possible solutions – most notably: 1) To ensure successful handoffs, capacity buffers and progress control may help ensure that the takt areas are completed on time. 2) Requirements for what wagons must do before handoff should be clear to avoid problems that can delay the entire train. 3) Contracts that structure payments after handoffs of fully finished areas will incentivize the wagons to finish their takt areas before the handoff. 4) A handoff protocol can be a helpful tool for structuring handoffs. KW - Lean construction KW - takt planning KW - handoff PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2073/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2073 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Location-Based Work Sampling: Field Testing and Utility Evaluation C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1160 EP - 1171 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0131 AU - Pérez, Cristina T. AU - Salling, Stephanie T. AU - Wandahl, Søren AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, cristina.toca.perez@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-1492 AD - Research Assistant, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, stsa@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-6458 AD - Professor, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, swa@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-6035 AB - Visual management has been developed and used by Lean practitioners to enhance communication and control operations and processes. Lean construction, as a process-focused approach, and emerging IT tools have the potential to transform and facilitate construction operations. The authors of this paper have previously presented a prototype adaption of the work sampling technique, called location-based work sampling, based on the results of a case study. However, the utility of this visual management tool has not yet been tested. Thus, this research aims to assess how the tool can provide managers with helpful information for decision-making. The paper presents the second learning cycle of a research project that adopted the Design Science Research strategy. The second cycle includes five steps. The first four steps consist of the application of LBWS, and the last step represents the evaluation: (1) clarifying work activities & workspaces; (2) data collection; (3) data visualization; (4) data analysis; (5) tool evaluation. The assessment results show that the tool, to a high degree, fulfills the six requirements of a digital visual management practice. However, the assessment also concludes that further development is needed to fully understand user needs and integrate the tool into daily management routines and processes. KW - Location-based Management KW - Visual Management KW - Waste KW - Work Sampling KW - Geographic location observations. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2074/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2074 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploring Offsite Construction for the Construction Sector: A Literature Review C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 735 EP - 745 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0132 AU - Broadhead, James P. AU - Daniel, Emmanuel I. AU - Oshodi, Olalekan AU - Ahmed, Sa’id AD - Managing Director, Offsite Focus Consulting, Canada. Orcid.org/0000-0002-3528-4176 james@offsitefocus.com AD - Senior Lecturer in Construction Management, School of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering., University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK, e.daniel2@wlv.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000- 0002-5675-1845 AD - Senior Lecturer in Construction Project Management, School of Engineering and Built Environment, Anglia Ruskin, University, United Kingdom. olalekan.oshodi@aru.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7717 AD - Lecturer, School of Engineering and the Environment, Department of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction Management, Kingston University: London, Greater London, GB. s.ahmed@kingston.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-3815-0683 AB - The construction sector is one of the largest producers of Gross Domestic Product globally and yet has shown little innovation in the last 20 years. Offsite has been touted as cheaper, faster, higher in quality and more environmentally friendly than onsite construction. The purpose of this paper is to review the current research into offsite construction and determine the barriers to adoption and benefits facing offsite construction. A systematic literature review was undertaken to gather relevant knowledge surrounding the subject matter using a database search of Scopus. It was found that knowledge was the largest barrier to adoption and that transcended multiple stakeholders, from the selection of the appropriate delivery methodology, how to design for optimized fabrication and finally how to interface with the onsite requirements. The benefits are a higher build quality, shorter project duration as both site work and fabrication occur at the same time, improved safety, and less material wastage. The Barriers come from design freezes earlier in the process and inflexible design for customization later in the build. KW - Off-site construction KW - modular construction KW - prefabrication KW - advantages KW - disadvantages PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2075/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2075 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Benefits of Robotic Utilization in the Prefabricated Construction Industry C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 746 EP - 754 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0134 AU - Adekunle, Peter AU - Aigbavboa, Cliton AU - Otasowie, Osamudiamen Kenneth AU - Adekunle, Samuel AD - Cidb Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa AD - Cidb Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa AD - Federal University of Technology Owerri AD - SARChl in Sustainable Constr Mnmt. and Leadership in the Built Envir AB - Electronically automated machines with a longer lifespan than human work make up robotic technology. The aging workforce in the prefabricated building business may be addressed by robots, which explains why there are less young people employed there than in other sectors of the economy. Robotic technology is cost-effective since it reduces the time required to complete building projects and the expense of manpower, which also lessens the possibility of accidents. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the benefits of robotic technology adoption in the context of the South African prefabricated building industry. The study adopted a quantitative survey method to obtain data from architects, civil engineers, quantity surveyors, mechanical and electrical engineers, construction managers, and project managers. The data were examined using SPSS, and the suitable dispersion measure and inferential statistics were used. According to the report, the key benefits of adopting robotic technology in the prefabricated building business in South Africa include faster construction timeframes, improved work quality, and increased productivity, efficiency, and profitability. The results also showed that improving worker health and safety would result from introducing robotic technology to the prefabricated building industry. The study's conclusions suggest that because of the advantages discovered, the prefabricated building industry in South Africa should adopt robots more swiftly. KW - Robotics KW - Prefabrication KW - Accuracy KW - Construction Duration PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2076/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2076 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Analysing the Value Adding Activities in the Brazilian Construction Companies C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1172 EP - 1183 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0135 AU - Bizarro, Lucas B. AU - Staudt, Luís C. AU - Etges, Bernardo M. B. S. AU - Fireman, Marcus C. T. AD - Lean Consultant at Climb Consulting Group, Graduate in Production Eng. at Pucrs, Porto Alegre, Brazil. lucas@climbgroup.com.br, orcid.org/ 0000-0002-0341-0879 AD - PhD Candidate, M.Sc. Eng. at Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Lean Consultant at Climb Consulting Group, São Leopoldo, Brazil. luis@climbgroup.com.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-2398-2102 AD - PhD Candidate, M.Sc. Eng., Founding-Partner at Climb Consulting Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. bernardo@climbgroup.com.br , orcid.org/0000-0002-3037- 5597 AD - PhD Candidate, M.Sc. Eng., Founding-Partner at Climb Consulting Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. marcus@climbgroup.com.br , orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-4715 AB - This paper presents an update of a study carried out by Etges (2018) in which an approach to answer the question about the level of value adding activities in Brazilian companies is presented. Taking into consideration the concepts of Lean Construction, adding value and wastes, and Value Stream Mapping (VSM) allied to the perspective of Operational Excellence, the study was conducted in 26 different companies divided into 7 categories of construction works, namely: airports, buildings, renewable energies, highways, Intracity, pipelines and railways. The analysis of the methodology consisted of characterizing the concepts of wastes and of the Value Stream of processes, and this was added to field analyses using the Work Sampling Method (WSM), which consists of measuring and identifying the level of wastage and adding value to the operation at the place of execution. The results show a low level of activities that add value in the sectors analyzed, representing, in the general analysis, 28% of the total time in manhours available. The results are also categorized by the predominant wastes in each category of construction works, and, in the general analysis, 48% of the wastes are related to Waiting. This analysis makes it possible to identify great opportunities for reducing waste and it is extremely important for the construction industry to promote critical actions aimed at leaner construction management. KW - Lean Construction KW - Value-adding activities KW - Value Stream Mapping KW - Work Sampling Method. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2077/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2077 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Barriers to the Adoption of Building Information Modeling in Quantity Surveying Practice in South Africa C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 41 EP - 49 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0137 AU - Otasowie, Kenneth AU - Aigbavboa, Clinton AU - Ikuabe, Matthew AU - Adekunle, Peter AU - Oke, Ayodeji AU - Adekunle, Samuel AD - cidb Centre of Excellence and Sustainable Human Settlement and Construction Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa AD - University of Johannesburg, South Africa AD - University of Johannesburg, South Africa AD - University of Johannesburg, South Africa AD - University of Johannesburg, South Africa AD - University of Johannesburg, South Africa AB - One of the occupations in the construction sector is quantity surveying (QS). This duty is essential to the accomplishment of a construction project since it decides whether it will be finished on schedule, on budget, and to the requisite standard. The practice has received several criticisms for failing to correctly carry out her duties. Adoption of contemporary technology like Building Information Modeling (BIM) in its practice has become necessary to eliminate mistakes, inaccuracies, and omissions. However, South African QS practitioners face challenges in implementing BIM. Hence, this study seeks to examine these challenges. A survey approach was utilised. Ninety (90) of the one hundred and fifteen (115) questionnaires that were distributed to quantity surveyors in Guateng Province, SA were returned and considered appropriate for analysis Kruskal-Wallis, percentage, mean item score, and standard deviation were used to analyse the collected data. The results indicate that the main obstacles to the adoption of BIM in QS practice are a lack of BIM competence, a lack of government enforcement, opposition to change, and a lack of client demand for BIM. This study therefore suggests that BIM trainings be given top priority and that the government take the initiative in promoting BIM adoption throughout the nation, especially for public projects. KW - BIM Adoption KW - Barriers KW - Profession KW - Quantity Surveying KW - South Africa. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2078/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2078 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Application of Big Data and Internet of Things in the Built Environment: A Bibliometric Review C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 50 EP - 58 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0138 AU - Adekunle, Peter AU - Aigbavboa, Cliton AU - Oke, Ayodeji AU - Akinradewo, Opeoluwa AU - Otasowie, Osamudiamen AD - acidb Centre for Excellence & Sustainable Human Settlement and Construction Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Adekunlepeter90@gmail.com AD - University of Johannesburg, Nigeria AD - University of Johannesburg, Nigeria AD - University of Johannesburg, Nigeria AD - University of Johannesburg, Nigeria AB - Using big data and internet of things (IoT) technologies is without a doubt growing more and more important on a global basis. The two 4IR components stand out for their innovative methods that might aid organizations in developing high-performing teams and a culture that is performance-focused. Big data platforms offer methods for methodically eliminating data from data arrays that are too intricate to be used in standard data-processing applications. The Internet of Things and big data are used in every sector. The utilization of big data is significantly growing on a global scale. A staggering number of individuals, including architects, contractors, suppliers, and clients, are now involved in the building process. Large data warehouses are mined for information using big data analysis techniques, which then make the information available to all parties involved. With an overview of IoT and big data applications in the built environment, this research aims to tie current trends to them. In order to identify prior studies on IoT and big data in the construction industry, this study did a bibliometric evaluation and looked at the SCOPUS database. In addition, this probe only allowed recovery of documents from the previous 16 months. Papers based on quantitative, qualitative, and literary reviews made up the majority of the contents. The research also revealed that the bulk of articles were published in industrialized countries. Construction is under underway on phases that will largely focus on IoT research as well as an audit and assessment of the expansion of big data applications. The essay also evaluates and discusses recent advancements in the internet of things and big data industries. Data management, storage systems, automation, and retrofitting are the four main clusters of big data and IoT applications, according to the report. It has been shown that there are several potential when big data and IoT are combined. When properly implemented, such solutions provide professionals and other industry participants in the building sector an accuracy of over 90%. KW - Adoption KW - Industry 4.0 KW - Big data KW - Internet of Things KW - Trend PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2079/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2079 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Process Analysis With an Automatic Mapping of Performance Factors Using Natural Language Processing C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 59 EP - 68 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0140 AU - Lauble, Svenja AU - Zielke, Philipp AU - Chen, Hongrui AU - Haghsheno, Shervin AD - Research Assistant, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49-721-608-41513, svenja.lauble@kit.edu AD - 2 Research Assistant, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49-721-608-41518, philipp.zielke@kit.edu 3 M. Sc. Student, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49-721-608-43650 AD - M. Sc. Student, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49-721-608-43650, hongrui.chen@student.kit.edu AD - Professor, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49-721-608-42646, shervin.haghsheno@kit.edu AB - In lean construction projects, much information is collected during the process analysis with the trades. This data is increasingly documented as a reference for use in future construction projects. By doing this, efficient methods are required to use this data. Often, the unstructured naming of data is a challenge for a rule-based allocation of information, and manual work is required to identify the needed data. Therefore, the aim is to develop an automatic mapping of historical performance factors to the tender specifications of a new construction project. To support the process analysis with historical project data, a case study is executed using Natural Language Processing (NLP). With a NLP model, the process descriptions from the tender specifications of the new construction project can be compared with a master database, to filter the right performance factor and calculate the duration for a process. This procedure can be used to support the further process analysis together with the trades to generate a validated construction schedule. The case study shows promising results in the prediction results. First, the mapping quality and second, the prediction accuracy are evaluated. With the developed mapping concept, last planners can validate their estimations of durations in lean construction process planning with a target to support stability in a project. Still, a more detailed description of the processes could increase the prediction results. KW - Digitization KW - lookahead planning KW - work structuring KW - process KW - complexity. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2080/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2080 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Safety-I and Safety-II: Contributions of Uas Safety Monitoring on Construction Sites C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 377 EP - 386 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0141 AU - Melo, Roseneia Rodrigues Santos de AU - Costa, Dayana Bastos AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Structural and Construction Engineering, School of Engineering, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, roseneia.engcivil@gmail.com orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-7274 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Structural and Construction Engineering, School of Engineering, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, dayanabcosta@ufba.br. orcid.org/0000-0002-1457-6401 AB - Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) have been incorporated into safety management systems to facilitate hazard identification and propose corrective actions on time, meaning practices related to the Safety-I approach. However, its impacts on understanding and dealing with everyday operations in front of adverse conditions, meaning Safety-II practices, are still unknown. Thus, this study investigates the contribution of safety monitoring using UAS to support Safety-I and Safety-II practices in everyday operations. Two case studies in construction projects were conducted, involving the following steps: (a) proposition of UAS monitoring protocol integrated into safety management routines; (b) field tests to monitor safety performance using UASs; (c) data analysis considering Safety-I, Safety-II and Resilience Engineering. As a main result, resilience mechanisms were identified, such as adaptation in the lifeline safety systems, use of photos and videos to improve workers’ awareness, and collaborative work between frontline workers. Regarding the Safety-I approach, most of the identified non-conformities were classified as precarious structures on the construction sites, failures in the Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) use, and safety barriers. The perceived limitations emphasized the difficulty in promoting corrective actions due to the lack of flexibility in the constructive processes, availability of resources timely, and absence of slack. KW - Construction sites KW - safety management KW - resilience engineering KW - and digital technologies. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2081/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2081 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Product Platform Flow to Develop New Products in an Off-Site Company C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1037 EP - 1048 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0143 AU - Nievola, Tainara P. AU - Scheer, Sergio AD - Product Platform Coordinator, Master Student, Post-Graduate Program in Civil Engineer, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil, tai.nievola@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-1031 AD - Senior Professor, Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Research Center, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil, sergioscheer@gmail.com, orcid.org/ 0000-0003-3995-9780 AB - The civil construction’s cost has increased since the beginning of the pandemic, bringing insecurity to the sector. In addition, civil construction is largely responsible for environmental impacts related to greenhouse gases and waste generated globally. Several industries, such as the auto industry, use the product platform concept to optimize their processes, bringing more efficiency and control to their productions and products. The existing theory on the application of a product platform in construction shows that it can be a means of controlling fluctuating costs and reducing environmental impacts, but there is a gap, with few studies showing the application in real cases and the gains obtained. To assess this, the literature review aims to understand how product platforms work in other industries and what we have so far on their application in the construction sector. An action research method is used, applying the product development flow created, to meet two demands for new products in the studied company, using other platform solutions already developed by the company – such as application of common items - to achieve cost reduction. The result of the practical application reached the company's expectations, achieving a significant cost reduction KW - Product development KW - product platform KW - off-site construction KW - industrialized construction KW - standardization. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2082/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2082 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Collaboration in the Detailed Design Phase of Construction Projects – a Study of Interdisciplinary Teams C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1049 EP - 1060 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0144 AU - Salam, Mona AU - Forsythe, Perry AU - Killen, Catherine AD - Lecturer, School of Built Environment, University of Technology Sydney, Australia, mona.abdal-salam@uts.edu.au, orcid.org/0000-0002-522 AD - Emeritus Professor, School of Built Environment, University of Technology Sydney, Australia, perry.forsythe@uts.edu.au, orcid.org/0000-0002-0997-9118 AD - Professor, School of Built Environment, University of Technology Sydney, Australia, catherine.killen@uts.edu.au, orcid.org/0000-0002-2370-7856 AB - Collaboration in construction projects has become a primary requirement in common delivery methods, especially in the detailed design phase to achieve value for the client. The involvement of multiple organisations, such as the client, architects, design consultants, project managers, contractors, and subcontractors, increases the complexity of implementing successful collaboration. Recent studies have focused on the financial aspect of collaboration but undervalued the social dimension which reflects behavioural actions that can lead to goal misalignment. There is less known about the highly dynamic nature of collaboration at a project level between participants with different views, objectives, and working practices. Through a study of two interdisciplinary teams in the detailed design phase of large-scale construction projects, participants’ perceptions of collaboration were analysed to reveal that participants have different ways of viewing their collaboration, ranging from facilitation factors, working processes, and outcomes. The study advances the theory of collaboration in design management by adopting an inter-organisational practice-based perspective to assess collaboration. The findings suggest a more tailored management approach based on understanding the processes and outcomes and regular monitoring of the behaviour actions for collaboration to succeed. KW - Collaboration KW - interdisciplinary teams KW - design management KW - early contractor involvement PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2083/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2083 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Framework for Optimizing Material Management Processes in Oil and Gas EPC Projects C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1641 EP - 1651 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0145 AU - Daghlas, Mahmoud AU - Eddine, Rachad Bou Nasser AU - Tabet, Michel AU - Kalach, Mayssa AD - ME Student, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, mmd71@mail.aub.edu AD - ME Student, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, rzb05@mail.aub.edu AD - ME Student, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, mmt48@mail.aub.edu AD - Lecturer, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, mk314@aub.edu.lb, orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-391 AB - In the specialized engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) oil and gas industry, the monetary value of procurement equates to more than engineering and construction combined. However, material management processes are yet to evolve from conventional push systems to more efficient ones. The application of lean concepts to eliminate the waste embedded in the material flow processes of construction projects has become a proven practice for reducing cost overruns and schedule delays. To this end, the objective of this study is to develop a framework relying on just-in-time delivery and pull systems to enhance material management processes in EPC projects. Namely, the proposed framework introduces changes to the responsibility matrix and sets time limits for the concerned material flow stages based on data analysis for electrical and control equipment of an oil and gas EPC project in the Russian Far East. The framework is then tested using a probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation. The results show a significant decrease in the storage cost, as an example of waste reduction. The framework provides a practical material management solution for EPC companies that minimizes non-value-adding durations and ensures a continuous material flow with continuous feedback and accountability loops. KW - Supply chain management KW - design science KW - flow KW - integration KW - wast PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2084/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2084 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Achieving a 4-Hour Takt Time – and Driving Change With It C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1184 EP - 1195 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0146 AU - Riekki, Jaakko AU - Rannisto, Jukka AU - Lehtovaara, Joonas AU - Seppänen, Olli AU - Peltokorpi, Antti AD - Research assistant, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, jaakko.riekki@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-0306-2165 AD - VDC Manager, Haahtela-rakennuttaminen Oy, Finland, jukka.rannisto@haahtela.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-4626- 0700 AD - Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, joonas.lehtovaara@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-3811 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-5924 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, antti.peltokorpi@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-7939-6612 AB - This study seeks to validate the hypothesis that takt production can be used as a driver for implementing several lean construction concepts together and for making them work as a system. This is done by studying a single case project where takt production with a 4-hour takt time was a core element of the operating system. In studying the case, a set of lean construction concepts found present in the project are extracted and analysed. It is concluded that takt production and in particular the short takt time worked to integrate the stakeholders and enabled the individual lean construction concepts to work in a tight relationship. Future case studies could be more explicitly designed to further validate the hypothesis. KW - takt production KW - daily management KW - logistics KW - continuous improvement KW - collaboration PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2085/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2085 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Contribution of Lean Techniques to Industrialized Construction Adoption: A Barriers Mitigation Approach C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 755 EP - 766 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0147 AU - Vásquez-Hernández, Alejandro AU - Ortega, Jesús AU - Alarcón, Luis Fernando AU - Pellicer, Eugenio AD - PhD Student, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, and School of Civil Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain. Assistant Professor, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia, avasquez5@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-1073-4038 AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, jaortega2@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-937X AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, lalarcon@ing.puc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-2272 AD - Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain, pellicer@upv.es, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9100-0644 AB - Despite the benefits associated with industrialized construction (IC), it has low overall levels of adoption. IC is an innovation that is not aligned with institutionalized project supply chains; it has implications in process integration that intensify adoption barriers. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of implementing Lean techniques in different stages of the IC process. This paper exposes the analysis of the contribution of implementing Lean techniques to performance, process flow, knowledge management, and value addition. The implementation results are analyzed in terms of their contribution to mitigating the IC adoption barriers identified in the Chilean context. A systematic literature review is carried out to identify the Lean techniques implemented in some of the phases of the IC process. The analysis of the results reported and the contribution of the implementation of Lean techniques to the mitigation of the impacts of some of the existing barriers to the adoption of IC is conducted using thematic content analysis. Thirty Lean techniques are identified whose implementation results are related to the mitigation of conditions associated with 76.5% of the IC adoption barriers considered to be of high and very high impact for the Chilean context KW - Lean construction KW - prefabrication KW - assembly KW - off-site construction. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2086/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2086 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Potential Application of Deep Learning and UAS for Guardrail Safety Inspection C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 387 EP - 398 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0148 AU - Peinado, Hugo S. AU - Melo, Roseneia R. S. AU - Santos, Mírian C. F. AU - Costa, Dayana B. AD - PhD Student, Structural and Construction Engineering Department, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BR, hspeinado2@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-7868-0219 AD - 2 Postdoctoral Researcher, Structural and Construction Engineering Department, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BR,roseneia.engcivil@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-7274 AD - PhD Student, Structural and Construction Engineering Department, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BR, miriancfarias@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-8652 AD - Associate Professor, Structural and Construction Engineering Department, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BR, dayanabcosta@ufba.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-1457-6401 AB - Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) can provide valuable information about on-site compliance with safety regulations, especially identifying workers in areas without guardrails or fall arrest systems. Despite the advances in using Machine Learning (ML) and, more specifically, Deep Learning (DL) algorithms for detecting safety systems in construction, the literature indicates a gap regarding automatic guardrail recognition. Therefore, this paper proposes a set of criteria for data collecting and processing using UAS and DL for safety inspections in temporary guardrails while producing cast-in-place concrete wall systems. For this research, an exploratory case study was adopted as the research strategy, developed according to the following steps: (a) database image analysis, (b) field study on constructions, (c) formal meetings, and (d) survey carried out with ML/DL specialists. Results show the main failures in guardrails of cast-in-place concrete wall systems, analyzing which can be inspected using UAS visual assets and ML/DL techniques. Also, it indicates the more adequate construction stages to perform safety inspections on guardrails. These findings may guide future research using UAS and DL algorithms for inspecting guardrail safety systems to further contribute to managers’ decision-making. KW - Drone KW - Machine Learning KW - Construction 4.0 KW - Safety management KW - case study. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2087/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2087 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Promoting the IPD Delivery Method in Construction Projects: A BIM-Based Smart Contract Approach C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 69 EP - 80 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0149 AU - Assaf, Mohamed AU - Salami, Lena AU - Salhab, Diana AU - Hammad, Ahmed AD - Ph.D. Student, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, massaf2@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-8531 AD - MEng Student, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, lsalami@ualberta.ca AD - Ph.D. Student, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, salhab@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-6193 AD - Associate Professor, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, ahammad@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-418 AB - The adoption of integrated project delivery (IPD) provides several advantages over traditional delivery methods, such as shorter schedules, efficient communication, and higher performance quality. However, its implementation is constantly hindered by many barriers. Existing studies on IPD barriers are limited to quantifying and addressing such obstacles. Additionally, hardly any studies have addressed the potential of advanced technologies in exploiting the adoption of IPD projects. Thus, this study presents an automated system that integrates blockchain, smart contracts, and BIM technologies to facilitate the implementation of IPD projects. Hyperledger Fabric and chaincodes are used to develop the blockchain network in accordance with 4D and 5D BIM models. The developed system simplifies various financial transactions throughout different phases of the IPD project implementation. The system allows non-owner participants to submit requests and review transaction records with the aim of minimizing possible conflicts. The methodology is evaluated by testing it on a real-life case study. The case study is modeled using BIM tools, and the corresponding blockchain network and smart contracts are developed. The findings prove the capability of the developed system to provide a secure and trustworthy platform for managing IPD transactions without the need for third-party involvement. KW - Integrated project delivery (IPD) KW - smart contracts KW - BIM KW - blockchain KW - construction projects. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2088/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2088 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Three-Layered Approach for a Lean Subcontractor Procurement Process C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1652 EP - 1661 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0150 AU - El Zind, Karen AU - Bakesmati, Salam AU - Kalach, Mayssa AD - ME Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, kse12@mail.aub.edu AD - ME Student, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, ssb35@mail.aub.edu AD - Lecturer, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, mk314@aub.edu.lb, orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-3911 AB - It is generally recognized that subcontractors execute significant parts of construction works. This makes the subcontractor procurement process − from packaging to delivery method selection, budgeting, candidate selection, and so on − a cornerstone for the successful completion of construction projects. While the focus of the extant literature has been mainly steered towards the process of subcontractor selection and its related criteria, little emphasis has been placed on the procurement process itself and its implementation by general contractors. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive lean methodology that may be applied by general contractors to improve subcontractors’ procurement processes. To do so, a three-layered approach is proposed involving the realignment of steps within the process, the application of the choosing-by-advantages methodology, and the introduction of a digitalized subcontractor rating program. Then, the proposed approach is tested on a typical subcontracting procurement process adopted by a well-established construction contracting firm in the Middle East. Results show a significant reduction in the overall duration of the subcontractor procurement process. The offered methodology is viewed as a roadmap that can be generally adopted for reducing rework, eliminating waste, and enhancing the subcontractor selection methodology. KW - Lean construction KW - standardization KW - process KW - supply chain management. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2089/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2089 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Improving Productivity in Ventilation and Plumbing Installations by Developing Designs C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1061 EP - 1071 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0151 AU - Valkonen, Tuomas AU - Seppänen, Olli AD - Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, tuomas.valkonen@aalto.fi, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2710-5190 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-5924 AB - Quality of designs is one of the most important factors impacting the productivity of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing work. Previous research does not investigate problems with design in detail. This research aimed to identify design aspects where additional investments in design would increase productivity in installation. For this purpose, we selected three construction sites to identify deviations from designs, and interview installers on identified deviations and buildability in general. Observed deviations were divided into three main categories based on the cause of deviation: insufficient space reservations, missing model components, and buildability. Based on our findings we suggest five methods for developing designing: 1. BIM should be used in designing. 2. BIM coordination should include the assessment of buildability. 3. Better use of BIM requires high level of detail and high accuracy in all design models. 4. Contractors knowledge on buildability, schedule, and order of installation should be utilized in designing. 5. Optimizing material cost should be part of designing. KW - BIM KW - collaboration KW - assembly KW - HVAC KW - design PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2090/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2090 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Semantic Network Analysis of Lean Construction Literature C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 560 EP - 571 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0152 AU - William, León AU - Jose, Guevara AD - Ph.D. research assistant, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, wm.leon10@uniandes.edu.co, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-853X AD - Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, INGECO research group director, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, ja.guevara915@uniandes.edu.co, https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 3485-9169 AB - Lean Construction is a philosophy grounded in production theory that play a crucial role in promoting efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective practices across the Construction and Engineering Management (CEM) sector. To understand its impact, it is important to analyze the related concepts, synergies, information gaps, potential research paths, and new terms associated with such domain. Therefore, this research paper aims to develop a graphical and quantitative analysis of the LC literature using Semantic Network Analysis (SNA). The analysis builds a large network of interactions between concepts related to the implementation of the LC philosophy in construction projects, offering a novel perspective on reviewing the LC literature. It provides metrics and graphical tools to characterize, quantify, and interpret LC concepts such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), Last Planner System (LPS), and Sustainable Construction, and enables the observation of emerging relationships with opposing concepts such as Earned Value Management (EVM) or information gaps related to Risk Assessment, Decision-Making, or Planning Reliability, which are equally crucial for the implementation of CEM. Overall, this study offers valuable contributions to the IGLC community by providing new perspectives on potential research routes and emerging concepts in the LC literature. It achieves this by synthesizing the relationships between LC ideas and concepts that are not traditionally connected to LC principles, such as Earned Value Management (EVM). KW - Lean construction KW - construction and engineering management KW - and semantic network analysis. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2091/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2091 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - On-Site Waste Management: A Use Case of Lean Construction and Artificial Intelligence Synergy C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 462 EP - 473 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0153 AU - Berroir, Fabrice AU - Guernaccini, Pierre AU - Sottet, Jean-Sébastien AD - R&D Engineer, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, fabrice.berroir@list.lu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0392-1011 AD - R&D Engineer, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, pierre.guernaccini@list.lu, orcid.org/0000-0002-5395-9042 AD - Senior Researcher, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, jean-sebastien.sottet@list.lu, orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-6371 AB - The construction industry generates more waste than any other industry. Waste management is getting more and more attention as the policies and mentalities evolve to face the challenges ahead: climate change, materials shortage, circular economy. Most of the waste management activities consist in waste sorting and is carried out downstream of the construction execution, resulting in lower material recovery performance. This paper proposes a method to segregate waste (separate waste based on how it is created) to enhance the reuse, recovery, and recycling of construction waste. Therefore, it investigates the applicability of Lean Construction methods and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools and their potential synergy. Directly applying classical waste management AI tools (as used in recycling centers) was tested based on real case data. It required an excessive need for data and training. Alternatively, a Lean Construction framework based on a combination of the 5S method, and the Takt Time Planning method was proposed. It enables the streamlining of flows in order to mitigate the impact of on-site constraints on AI training. We instrumented this Lean Construction approach with an AI tool that checks the quality of the construction waste segregation process by detecting mixed materials in dumpsters KW - Lean Construction KW - process KW - sustainability KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - waste segregation. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2092/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2092 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Construction Supply Chain Product Data Integration for Lean and Green Site Logistics C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1662 EP - 1673 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0154 AU - Berroir, Fabrice AU - Pyszkowski, Magdalena AU - Maatar, Omar AU - Mack, Nico AD - R&D Engineer, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, fabrice.berroir@list.lu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0392-1011 AD - Global Head of Market Management, Knauf Insulation, orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-9225 AD - R&D Director, CLE and BPC Group, omar_maatar@cle.lu, orcid.org/0000-0001-6933-7873 AD - R&D Engineer, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, nico.mack@list.lu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-6240 AB - Supply Chain Management using Construction Consolidation Centres, kitting and Third-Party Logistics were proposed to streamline material flows in construction and reduce costs. Studies also highlight potential mitigation of the environmental impacts of the Construction Supply Chain but, despite the climate emergency, these solutions struggle to become industry practice. Digitalization, especially with Building Information Modelling based processes, appears as a key enabler for this transition, but it is hindered by heterogeneous data between construction companies and suppliers (made of manufacturers and resellers). Therefore, semantic Digital Twins, that can use Product Information Management, and recent norms on Product Data Templates have been proposed, but they need to be studied through practical cases from both construction site and supply chain perspectives. Consequently, this study applies a Design Science Approach involving 3 pilot projects, a manufacturer and digital supply chain experts around the development of a proof of concept of a Digital Twin tool for Lean and green logistics in construction. We identify what limitations of classical technologies used in the pilots could be addressed by a Digital Twin, we define what product data is needed for such a use case, and we compare practical scenarios for sharing and storing this data. KW - Supply Chain Management (SCM) KW - Logistics KW - Digitization KW - Digital Twin KW - Product information management (PIM). PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2093/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2093 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Strategic Partnering Between Client, Contractor, and Subcontractor C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1674 EP - 1685 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0155 AU - Ferstad, Herman Kvale AU - Engebø, Atle AU - Slette, Paal André AU - Lædre, Ola AD - MSc Student, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)/Project Engineer Vedal AS, Oslo, Norway, +47 468 54 050, herman.kferstad@outlook.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-3892-6610 AD - Researcher, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, +47 905 71 902, atle.engebo@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-5293-0176 AD - Portfolio Manager, Vedal AS, Oslo, Norway, +47 472 34 868, paal.andre.slette@vedal.no AD - Professor, dr. ing., Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, ola.ladre@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-4604-8299 AB - The concept of strategic partnering has recently gained significant attention in the Norwegian construction industry. Strategic partnering is a project delivery method that emphasizes a more collaborative approach than traditional delivery methods. It shares similarities with a Lean project delivery approach, as both seek to optimize and create more collaborative projects. In this paper, strategic partnering is broken down into three key elements of Lean Construction: contractual, organizational, and relational elements. Through this, the paper aims to contribute to understanding strategic partnering between a client, general contractor, and a key subcontractor by addressing the following research questions: 1) How is strategic partnering practiced in Norwegian construction projects, and 2) What are the experiences of practicing strategic partnering in Norway? An in-depth case study was conducted to investigate ways to enhance strategic partnering in future projects. A combination of a literature review and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection for this paper. The findings show that using strategic partnering improved project outcomes, with trust, early contractor involvement, contingency of key participants, and problem resolution being crucial aspects of the collaboration. However, more attention should be paid to evaluating the other parties in the context of the strategic partnership. KW - Strategic partnering KW - strategic alliancing KW - project delivery models KW - Lean construction KW - collaboration. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2094/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2094 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Features of a Behavior-Based Quality System (BBQS) C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 399 EP - 411 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0156 AU - Gomez, Sulyn AU - Chousein, Semich AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AU - Ballard, Glenn AU - Romayor, Ralph AU - Diaz, Michelle AU - Arroyo, Paz AU - Tekin, Safak AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Civil and Envir. Eng. Dept. and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, sulyn@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-9880 AD - Project Manager, DPR Construction, San Francisco, CA, USA, semichc@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000-0002- 7782-7132 AD - Prof., Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, tommelein@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-6596 AD - Research Associate, Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, gballard@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0948-8861 AD - Quality Leader Bay Area, DPR Construction, San Francisco, CA, USA, ralphr@dpr.com , orcid.org/0000- 0001-8724-7636 AD - Student, National University of Engineering, Lima, Peru, mndiazv@uni.pe, orcid.org/0000-0002-7711-1695 AD - Quality Leader, DPR Construction, San Francisco, CA, USA, paza@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-8098- 8172 AD - Assistant Superintendent, DPR Construction, San Francisco, CA, USA, safakt@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000- 0001-9864-3984 AB - Meeting quality expectations is vital to the successful delivery of construction projects. Still, the levels of quality achieved in practice are often unsatisfactory, resulting in rework or acceptance of poor work, and impacting the project cost, schedule, safety, team morale, reputation of the organizations and individuals involved in the project, and overall customer satisfaction. Quality management research has relied on statistical process control, tolerances, and standards development. In the last years, though, attention has been shifting towards theoretical and philosophical foundations of quality, and the role people play in planning to define quality expectations and achieving them. The contribution to knowledge of this paper is to expand on the literature on Behavior-Based Quality (BBQ) by introducing the BehaviorBased Quality System (BBQS) and presenting some of its features. We present theoretical foundations of this system and illustrate some of its features through a case study. The purpose of this paper is twofold, (1) to promote more systemic thinking about the management of quality, and (2) to present features of a system that supports such thinking. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2095/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2095 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Supporting a Framework for the Construction Innovation Process C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 81 EP - 91 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0157 AU - Etges, Bernardo Martim Beck da Silva AU - Caten, Carla Schwengber ten AD - PhD Candidate, M.Sc. Eng. at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Founding-Partner at Climb Consulting Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil, bernardo@climbgroup.com.br, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3037-5597 AD - 2 Full Professor at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS), Director of the School of Engineering at UFRGS, carlacaten@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-0974 AB - The construction sector has gradually been restructuring to advance the use of digitalization and taking advantage of Industry 4.0. Recent studies in the IGLC Community have emphasized the need to connect Lean Construction with the innovative movement by promoting and advancing the use of Industry 4.0 technologies. However, it is well known that innovation approaches are successful when they achieve the goal of problem solving. Considering this context two questions are set: (a) Does the innovation process in construction sector understand how to capture pain-points of the industry and in how it organizes itself? (b) Does Lean Construction contribute by offering a conceptual basis for reaching a better understanding of innovation? This paper aims to develop a framework for analyzing and catching the pain-points as the starting point for the innovation process. As a result, a Problem-space-framework (PSF) was proposed and validated in a empirical study. The first question was tackled by conducting a qualitative analysis and holding a workshop, the outcome of which was that eight out of 98 pain-points identified were prioritized towards the solution design. The second question was also fully answered identifying that 89% of the participants understood that Lean Construction contributed to the PSF and most of Lean tools proposed were regarded as having high usability during the implementation phases. KW - Lean construction KW - innovation KW - pain-points KW - problem-space-framework PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2096/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2096 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Life Cycle Cost and Value of Norwegian Sports Facilities C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 285 EP - 296 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0158 AU - Ørke, Johan C. AU - Malvik, Tobias O. AU - Torp, Olav AU - Fossheim, Terje K. AD - MSC Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, johan.c.orke@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-6762 AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, tobias.o.malvik@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-6762 AD - Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, olav.torp@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-1916-5097 AD - Assistant professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, terje.k.fossheim@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0001-8251-0124 AB - Sports facilities are built to create value for owners and users. In the front end, it is crucial to make decisions based on information about the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and the possible benefits of the facility. This paper aims to create knowledge about the relationship between the value and LCC of sports facilities. This has been done through literature review, document studies, and workshops. The construction costs have been compared to the operation and maintenance (OM) costs for 11 sports halls. The results show a ratio between OM and construction costs between 0,1 and 3,7. Diverse aspects could explain this, such as the lack of a standard model for what to include in the OM costs and volunteer work with planning, and OM not counted. Planning in sports facilities construction often relies on volunteers from the sports clubs, leading to a lack of competence and resources to implement value-centered approaches like the Lean Construction methodology. This paper shows that it is challenging to quantify the value generated by sports facilities, and value is highly dependent on perspective. There is a need for a more systematic way to evaluate the OM cost and the value generated by the sports facilities. KW - Life cycle cost KW - value generation KW - lean construction KW - sports facilities PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2097/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2097 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Analyzing the Lean Principles in Integrated Planning and Scheduling Methods C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1196 EP - 1207 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0159 AU - Sheikhkhoshkar, Moslem AU - El-Haouzi, Hind Bril AU - Aubry, Alexis AU - Hamzeh, Farook AU - Poshdar, Mani AD - Research Assistant, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Epinal, France, moslem.sheikhkhoshkar@univlorraine.fr, orcid.org/0000-0001-9067-2705 2 AD - Professor, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Epinal, France, hind.el-haouzi@univ-lorraine.fr, orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-5342 AD - Associate Professor, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France, alexis.aubry@univ-lorraine.fr, orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-821X AD - Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Eng. Dept., Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 AD - Lecturer, Built Environment Engineering Department, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, mani.poshdar@aut.ac.nz, orcid.org/0000-0001-9132-2985 AB - The shortcomings and limitations of conventional planning and scheduling methods led to a great deal of emphasis on combining them and developing integrated scheduling methods. Also, lean principles and tools are included in the integrated scheduling methods' structure to develop more effective scheduling strategies. This paper implements a multi-step methodology to identify and analyze the lean principles utilized in integrated scheduling methods. The findings show that integrated scheduling methods, Building Information Modelling (BIM)-Last Planner System (LPS)-Kanban, BIM-LPS, Location-based Management System (LBMS)-LPS-CPM, and BIM-LBMS have included a variety of lean principles into their frameworks. Moreover, improving the reliability of the planning, increasing transparency, identifying and eliminating waste, detecting and solving spatiotemporal conflict, enabling the coordination of the look-ahead plans, and continuous flow of work have received the most attention in the integrated scheduling methods. This paper contributes significantly to the body of knowledge by raising project stakeholders' awareness of the lean principles utilized in integrated scheduling methods in construction projects. KW - Lean principles KW - Integrated Scheduling Methods KW - SNA KW - Quantitative Analysis PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2098/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2098 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Worker Involvement Strategies in Construction: Insights From the Lean Literature C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 905 EP - 916 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0160 AU - Peinado, Hugo Sefrian AU - Costa, Dayana Bastos AD - PhD Student, Structural and Construction Engineering Department, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BR, hugospeinado@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-7868-0219 AD - Associate Professor, Structural and Construction Engineering Department, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BR, dayanabcosta@ufba.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-1457-6401 AB - The Human-centric approach concept establishes that human needs must be at the center of the production process. Human needs models propose a sense of belonging among these necessities since people require appreciation, collaboration, and involvement. In this work, the Employee Involvement (EI) concept relies on developing the workers’ sense of belonging to the organization and allowing these workers to change the work environment. Despite the potential contributions, papers systematizing EI strategies in the construction industry were not found in the literature. Therefore, this paper aims to identify worker involvement strategies in construction based on the EI concept in the Lean Construction literature. The research method adopted was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). A total of 12 papers were considered eligible for this review. 12 EI strategies were identified and analyzed based on three constructs: upskilling workers, communication, and autonomy for decision-making. The results reveal that there are still few empirical studies. Furthermore, the strategies are based on the managers’ and researchers’ points of view, not considering the workers’ points of view. However, the presented strategies and discussion might be considered in elaborating and implementing the HC approach for construction. A set of questions was elaborated to support future research. KW - Employee empowerment KW - Employee participation KW - Industry 5.0 KW - Lean construction 4.0. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2099/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2099 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Narrative Review of Workspace Planning in Construction: Challenges and Insights C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1208 EP - 1219 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0161 AU - Salhab, Diana AU - Alsakka, Fatima AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - Ph.D. Student, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, salhab@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-6193 AD - h.D. Candidate, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, falsakka@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-1777-1875 AD - Associate Professor, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 AB - Space on construction sites is not abundant as may be thought. In fact, workspace planning could become increasingly challenging at times. Moreover, improper workspace planning may lead to congestion and, hence, potential safety and productivity issues. Workspace planning aligns with Lean thinking through reducing wastes in workers’ productivity, waiting time, double handling, and different types of flow. Meanwhile, there is generally a scarcity of research studies in this area especially in industrial projects. As such, this paper presents a narrative literature review of research conducted on workspace planning in construction. Specifically, the review aims to answer the following questions: What is a workspace? What are some methods used for workspace planning? What are the challenges faced in workspace planning? What decisions are essential for workspace planning? The last question tackles fundamental concepts in workspace planning such as flow types, area patterns, workspace classification structure, and spatial-temporal conflict identification and resolution. The study concludes with considerations to be scrutinized and adopted during the process of developing a well-thought-off workspace planning system. KW - Workspace KW - planning KW - spatial-temporal conflict KW - flow KW - area. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2100/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2100 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Zooming Into Workers’ Psychology and Physiology Through a Lean Construction Lens C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 92 EP - 103 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0162 AU - Shehab, Lynn AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - PhD Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, lshehab@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-3550 AD - Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 AB - Lean construction has long been a constant advocate for perceiving humans as the driving force for most ventures and projects. Among the enablers of investigating the potentials and capabilities of humans are wearable sensors for collecting physiological measurements. Current research on wearable sensors in construction has not yet touched on its applicability or integration with Lean construction. Therefore, this conceptual paper “zooms into the workers’ psychology and physiology through a Lean construction lens” by exploring the potentials of employing wearable sensors in Lean construction. It aims to revamp current applications of wearable sensors by providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of wearable sensor technology and its applications in the construction industry. It also discusses how current studies on wearable sensors may be linked to Lean construction principles and how Lean concepts can further enhance and foster their potentials. The paper concludes by presenting the future possibilities and directions of wearable sensors in Lean construction and the impacts they can have on the industry. KW - Wearable sensors KW - physiology KW - psychology KW - measurements KW - Lean construction. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2101/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2101 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Health Check Framework C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1498 EP - 1509 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0163 AU - Eivazi Ziaei, Parastoo AU - Salhab, Diana AU - Ahuja, Ritu AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - Master of Science, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, eivazizi@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0009-0006-0743-6589 AD - Ph.D. Student, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, salhab@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-6193 AD - Lean Integration Leader, Kinetic Construction Ltd., Richmond, British Columbia, Canada, rahuja@kineticconstruction.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-4659 AD - Associate Professor, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 AB - Lean construction is an approach that prioritizes enhancing quality and value while minimizing waste. Lean management comprises of principles and concepts that must be observed to effectively implement Lean management and leverage its benefits. In line with Lean concepts and principles, appropriate behavior and culture must be properly implemented to achieve successful Lean management, hence necessitating the use of an established health check assessment to evaluate the level of Lean maturity. This study aims to introduce a health check assessment to ascertain the level of maturity of Lean behavior and culture in the construction industry. The health check assessment was formulated by identifying Lean success factors, which were further validated by Lean experts. The methodology employed to achieve the study objectives follows a Design Science Research (DSR) approach, which involves creating a health check framework and evaluating it through an expert panel interview among project parties in a real case study project. In addition to the Lean expert panel interview, other performance metrics, such as percent planned complete (PPC) and constraint information, were collected. The proposed framework was validated, and the results indicate that there may be a correlation between effective team communication and project performance. KW - Lean construction KW - Lean maturity level KW - framework KW - Lean health check. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2102/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2102 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - IPD en France: Is It Legal C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 297 EP - 308 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0164 AU - Attouri, Emna AU - Mossman, Alan AU - Fehlmann, Laetitia AU - Heptinstall, Ian AU - Ducoulombier, Laure AD - Research and Development Engineer, Bouygues Construction, France, e.attouri@bouygues-construction.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-6431 AD - Principal, The Change Business; +44 7968 485627, alanmossman@mac.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-9164 AD - Construction Lawyer, Bouygues Construction, France. AD - Associate Professor of Project Management, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, i.heptinstall@bham.ac.uk, orcid.org/0009-0004-2831-4359. AD - Research and Development Manager, Bouygues Construction, France, l.ducoulombier@bouyguesconstruction.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-8573-4908. AB - Normal design and construction creates poor project outcomes and low productivity. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) was introduced as a response to these and other shortcomings. Despite the advantages this method provides, IPD is not used in France. This paper discusses different interpretations of French procurement legislation and regulations. French procurement legislation is based on the European Directive 2014/24/EU on public procurement. Based on the way the Directive is understood in other EU countries this paper suggests that there is no legal reason why IPD cannot be used for both public and private construction in France. Some will doubtless suggest that this needs testing in the courts before they will risk using it. Limitations of this paper are that it is based on the opinion of a single French construction lawyer and observation of what happens in other EU countries. The implications of this paper for public and private sector clients in France are that they can consider using IPD for more complex projects in their portfolio; for practitioners it is a signal that they can start to learn how to deliver projects using IPD and Target Value Delivery (TVD); for francophone scholars there are whole new areas for research. KW - Integrated project delivery KW - collaborative contracting KW - legal barriers KW - habit barriers KW - system change. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2103/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2103 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Impact of an Offsite Production Approach on Mechanical and Electrical Projects: Evidence From the Uk C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 767 EP - 777 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0165 AU - O’Gorman, Tonisha Carys AU - Daniel, Emmanuel Itodo AU - Chinyio, Ezekiel AD - BSc Graduate, School of Arch. and Built Envir., Faculty of Sci. and Engrg., Univ. of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK, togsog@aol.com orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-9234 AD - Sr. Lecturer in Constr. Mgmt., School of Arch. and Built Envir., Faculty of Sci. and Engrg., Univ. of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK, E.Daniel2@wlv.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-1845 AD - Reader in Constr. Mgmt., School of Arch. and Built Envir., Faculty of Sci. and Engrg., Univ. of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK, E.Chinyio@wlv.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0001-8448-5671 AB - Previous studies have reviewed the impact of offsite production on the delivery of construction projects, however, there have been limited studies examining the specific impact of offsite on mechanical and electrical installations (M&E). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of offsite production in the delivery of mechanical and electrical installations for construction projects. In this study, a mixed method was adopted, using quantitative data obtained through a questionnaire survey and qualitative data through case study interviews. In total, primary data was collected from 36 questionnaire responses, and 3 case studies that involved 12 in-depth interviews. This study shows that offsite production has a positive impact on construction project performance indicators for M&E installations regarding factors such as time, quality, health and safety, sustainability, logistics, and collaboration. However, the study showed no general conclusion as to the cost saving impact of offsite construction on the outcomes of projects. Nevertheless, the study established that the offsite approach offers the client more confidence relating to cost certainty. Recommendations from this study are that offsite production should be selected based on its impact on project performance indicators rather than cost alone. The study argued that the offsite production method should be explored as much as possible when maximal benefits are sought; however, it should not be utilised simply for the sake of it but on a case-by-case basis. KW - Offsite construction KW - prefabrication KW - assembly KW - modular construction KW - M&E installations. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2104/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2104 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Construction Information System as a Lean Information Management Enabler – Case Study C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 104 EP - 115 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0166 AU - Ribeiro, Yanh AU - Teixeira, Jorge AU - Mêda, Pedro AU - Moreira, Joaquim AU - Sousa, Rui AU - Sousa, Hipólito AD - Researcher, CONSTRUCT-Gequaltec, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal, yribeiro@fe.up.pt, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-5288 AD - Researcher, CONSTRUCT-Gequaltec, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal, jalt@fe.up.pt, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7570-0130 AD - Researcher, CONSTRUCT-Gequaltec, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal, pmeda@fe.up.pt, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-5530 AD - Researcher, CONSTRUCT-Gequaltec, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal, jjm@fe.up.pt, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-0678 AD - Researcher, CONSTRUCT-Gequaltec, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal, ruysousa@fe.up.pt, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-3252 AD - Associate Professor, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal, hipolito@fe.up.pt, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-0898 AB - Information Management Systems, or just Information Systems (IS), are important platforms to manage processes with a large volume of information exchange, guaranteeing the appropriate flow of accurate information. In the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, the use of information systems is still modest in contrast with the volume of data produced in the industry. However, with the advance of the digital transformation of Construction 4.0, this information gains even greater prominence and can be considered the most valuable asset during construction phases such as Pre-design, Design, and Procurement. Lean Information management is the application of lean thinking to information management, where the information can be considered a value and able to flow, removing waste, pull, and being in the process of continuous improvement. This paper presents an analysis of an Information Management System, ProNIC, intensively used and endorsed in Portuguese public construction contracts. Originally conceived to add value to the end-user (customer), the Portuguese Government, ProNIC is now being assessed as an enabler of lean processes in the management of construction information. KW - Information systems KW - lean construction KW - digitization KW - process KW - enabling lean PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2105/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2105 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Managing User Requirements in Social Housing Upgrading C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1072 EP - 1081 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0167 AU - Awwal, Samira AU - Tzortzopoulos, Patricia AU - Kagioglou, Mike AU - Soliman-Junior, Joao AD - PhD Researcher, Innovative Design Lab (IDL), University of Huddersfield, UK, samira.awwal@hud.ac.uk , orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-1511 AD - Professor, Head of Department of Design and Built Environment, Director, Innovative Design Lab (IDL), School of Arts and Humanities, University of Huddersfield, UK, p.tzortzopoulos@hud.ac.uk , orcid.org/0000- 0002-8740-6753 AD - Professor, School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Australia, M.Kagioglou@westernsydney.edu.au , orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-1484 AD - Lecturer, Department of Design and Built Environment, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK, J.SolimanJunior@hud.ac.uk , orcid.org/0000-0002-8089-8628 AB - User requirement management is essential to improve value generation in construction projects. Requirements management is also vital in the context of social housing upgrading/retrofit projects, as such projects generally involve a poor consideration of user needs. Design science research is adopted to propose a process model to support the identification of user needs in the social housing upgrade context. Data was gathered through an empirical study carried out in an upgrading project in the UK. The model includes the use of BIM (Building Information Modelling) based tools. The model can help elicit users’ needs and values through a participatory approach and the early inclusion of stakeholders in design decision-making. The process model contributes to an improved approach to managing user requirements, which will promote better value generation through retrofit projects. KW - User requirements KW - social housing upgrading KW - process model KW - building information modelling. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2106/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2106 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Unethical and Criminal – Predicting “Dark Side” Phenomena in the AEC Industry C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 917 EP - 928 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0169 AU - Lohne, Jardar AU - Drevland, Frode AU - Lædre, Ola AD - Research Scientist, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, +47 93444930, Jardar.lohne@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-3468 AD - Associate Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, +47 92064262, frode.drevland@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-1564 AD - Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, +47 91189938, ola.laedre@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-4604-8299 AB - This paper outlines prediction of “dark side” (illegal or unethical) phenomena in the AEC industry. “Dark side” phenomena pose a substantial yet unexplored threat to Lean Construction practices. Insights from criminology are used as a starting point for the analysis. A meta-study of the findings from a small research program carried out within the Norwegian AEC industry was conducted. It was enriched by an assessment of literature on crime prediction in criminology and on “dark side” phenomena in the AEC industry. Results show that predicting “dark side” phenomena in the AEC industry ought to take in temporality (when in the process challenges occur), value chain (who in projects are likely to act) and typology (what kind of actions are susceptible to occur). In addition, contextual factors (physical surroundings, geography, belief systems etc.) need consideration. Unlike criminology, predictions within the AEC industry cannot be based on AI approaches fuelled by historical data but need to be based on insights from construction process research. The preoccupation with “best practices” in the contemporary literature ought to be complemented with assessments of “worst practices” within all parts of the built environment. This is work largely left undone. KW - Anti-corruption KW - crime KW - ethics KW - prediction models KW - unethical PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2107/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2107 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A System Dynamic Modelling Approach for Integrated Lean-BIM Planning and Control Methods C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1220 EP - 1231 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0170 AU - Karaz, Mahmoud AU - Teixeira, José Manuel Cardoso AD - PhD Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, School of Engineering, Guimarães, Portugal, mahmoud.karaz@outlook.com. The Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction (CTAC). AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, School of Engineering, Guimarães. The Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction (CTAC). AB - Traditional planning and control methods do not accurately reflect the construction reality and lack feedback loops. The Last Planner System (LPS) and Location-based Management System (LBMS) have been suggested as socio-technical systems to generate practical and actionable real-life data based on production theories and logic. This data can be effectively communicated, analysed, and managed using the capabilities offered by Building Information Modelling (BIM) workflows. However, a true integration between Lean Construction-BIM is not yet matured, where parallel use of both concepts is still more common. This paper presents a conceptual framework based on a system dynamic modelling approach to elaborate a causal loop diagram (CLD). The CLD explores the interactions between basic management functions and waste, on this basis this paper proposes how the integration between LPS, LBMS, and BIM can be harnessed to apply waste elimination strategies. The results of this study can be applied as lean policy analysis for new lean adaptors to understand the impact of Lean-BIM for planning and controlling various wastes across the construction supply chain KW - Last Planner System KW - Location-Based-Management KW - System Dynamics KW - Casual Loop Diagram KW - Building Information Modelling KW - Construction Waste PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2108/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2108 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Role of Work Flow in Reducing Life Cycle Energy Consumption in Construction C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 474 EP - 485 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0171 AU - Maraqa, Musab Jamal AU - Sacks, Rafael AU - Spatari, Sabrina AD - Ph.D. Graduate Student, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, +972 59 8218363, musab_maraqa@hotmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002- 7756- 2787 AD - Professor, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, +972 4 829 3190, cvsacks@technion.ac.il, orcid.org/0000-0001-9427-5053. AD - Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, +972 54 668 4373, ssabrina@technion.ac.il, orcid.org/0000-0001-7243- 9993. AB - Lean construction aims to improve the construction industry by focusing on flow and value and eliminating waste. Reducing waste can also meet environmental goals by reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and improving environmental performance. Many green building rating systems have emerged over the last three decades as instruments to incentivize the production of buildings that minimize the impact on the environment and human health. However, those approaches are oriented toward the end product only, leaving builders without guidelines on effective processes to reduce operational waste. This research reviews and evaluates opportunities to mitigate GHGs and improve environmental performance through lean construction. It measures the effects of lean principles on reducing GHGs by improving the flow. Case study research was used to measure the quantity of diesel used for heating two construction projects in a cold climate; one is a traditionally managed project and the other is managed using Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) and the Last Planner System (LPS). Results show that the floor cycle time reduced from 189 days to 115 days in the lean-VDC project, a reduction of 64%. Also, the total embodied GHGs reduced from 1,037-tons CO2e to 629-tons CO2e, a reduction of 408-tons CO2e. KW - Lean construction KW - life cycle assessment (LCA) KW - energy consumption KW - flow KW - transformation-flow-value PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2109/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2109 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Analysing the Impact of Construction Flow on Productivity C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1510 EP - 1521 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0172 AU - Rathnayake, Asitha AU - Murguia, Danny AU - Middleton, Campbell AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, agbrr2@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000- 0002-1389-7801 AD - Research Associate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, dem52@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-4058 AD - Professor, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, prof@construction.cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-0680 AB - Construction is one of the least productive industries. A significant reason for this is not viewing the construction process as a combination of flows, i.e. continuous streams of workers, materials or equipment. This paper aims to improve our understanding of construction flow by demonstrating how it can be quantified and how its impacts on productivity can be measured. We discuss two main types of flow: 1) process/location flow, representing the flow of activities performed at a single location and 2) operations/trade flow, representing the activities performed by a single trade through different locations. Based on the literature, we develop a set of metrics for each type of flow. Then, we measure their influence on productivity by using data from four buildings' superstructure work packages. The process flow is compared with the productivity of individual locations, and the operations flow is compared with the productivity of separate crews. The results show that the excess work-in-progress time between successive crews and the mean and variability of production rates for different crews at each location (process flow metrics) can explain 72% of the variation in location productivity. Similarly, the level of work discontinuity (operations flow metric) can explain 52% of the variation in trade productivity. We believe this paper presents convincing evidence of the importance of construction flow in improving productivity. KW - Flow KW - productivity KW - work in progress/process (WIP) KW - variability KW - resource continuity PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2110/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2110 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Leveraging BIM and Mixed Reality to Actualize Lean Construction C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 116 EP - 127 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0173 AU - Carbonari, Alessandro AU - Pirani, Massimiliano AU - Giretti, Alberto AD - Professor, Department of Civil and Building Engineering and Architecture (DICEA), Faculty of Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy, alessandro.carbonari@univpm.it , orcid.org/0000-0002-0721-631X” AD - Research Associate, Department of Information Engineering (DII), Faculty of Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy, m.pirani@univpm.it , orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-7861 AD - Professor, Department of Civil and Building Engineering and Architecture (DICEA), Faculty of Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy, a.giretti@univpm.it , orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-0845 AB - Lean construction is made of principles, measures and methods that aim at maximizing process efficiency. Several tools have been developed to minimize waste, maximize customer value, improve the conduction of processes, and pursue other sub-objectives in construction. This effort is becoming more and more important due to the rising construction project size and variety, displacement of resources in diverse geographic locations, high-performance pressure. This paper reports the development and on-site tests in a real-life demonstrator of two management tools, which apply some principles of lean construction management at the design and delivery phases. The first one takes advantage of the integration between BIM and mixed reality, having the final aim of improving collaboration and communication among the actors involved. The second one exploits BIM modelling and search algorithms within a process-based management platform, in order to facilitate short-cycle planning and distributed decision-making in the production process. Both tools have been tested in the case of a building renovation project. The results show that they can improve communication efficiency, reduce rework, speed up work monitoring, control and supervising in construction management, and that they can address several of Liker’s lean principles, as classified by the 4P model. KW - Lean construction KW - collaboration KW - BIM KW - mixed reality KW - process. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2111/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2111 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Investigating and Simulating Collaboration Among the LPS Phases C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 929 EP - 941 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0174 AU - Pourrahimian, Elyar AU - Shehab, Lynn AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, elyar@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-2324 AD - Ph.D. Student, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, lshehab@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-3550 AD - Associate Professor, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 AB - Although heavily studied, collaboration in construction is still perceived as an elusive or intangible aspect because of its complex nature. Its complexity roots in the unfeasibility of quantifying it or its impacts on the performance of a construction project. While some studies acknowledged the need to evaluate or assess collaboration, empirical and numerical methods that pertain to direct quantification of either collaboration or the impacts of collaboration on the performance of a project are still unaddressed. This paper aims to address this gap from a Lean perspective by investigating the effects of collaboration throughout the different phases of the Last Planner System. After a thorough analysis of the collaborative points occurring in each phase, computer simulation is employed to model the progression of a construction project from pull planning to lookahead planning and finally to execution while also modelling collaboration among the project members. Findings on how collaboration during each phase impacts the project performance differently are presented. This study's contribution lies in highlighting the importance of early collaboration in construction projects and emphasizing the need for accurate quantification of such qualitative aspects. KW - Collaboration KW - Last Planner® System KW - agent-based modelling KW - and simulation. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2112/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2112 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Assessing Quality Performance Outcomes & the Relationship With RFI and PCI Processes: A General Contractor Case Study C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 412 EP - 422 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0175 AU - Gordon, Elizabeth AU - Rawlinson, Keila AU - Dabhade, Neha AU - Reed, Dean AU - Dunn, Charlie AD - Quality Leader, DPR Construction, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA, ElizabethG@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000- 0001-8165-0459 AD - Business Analyst, DPR Construction, Denver, CO 80112, USA, KeilaR@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-9718- 5483 AD - Project Engineer, vConsruct Private Limited, Pune, MH 411028, India, nehad@vconstruct.in, orcid.org/0000- 0002-6453-6096 AD - Owner and Consultant, Capability-Building, Santa Cruz, CA USA, Dean@deansreed.com, orcid.org/0000-0002- 2916-8558 AD - Product Design Leader, DPR Construction, Charlotte, NC 28217, USA, Charlied@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000- 0002-3093-7203 AB - This paper is the third in the series, taking a cross-discipline view of project performance to investigate and understand the potential correlation between system inputs and outputs. In the 2021 paper “The Impact of Implementing a System Approach to Quality: A General Contractor Case Study,” the authors compared project performance outcomes and team cultural assessments for 11 projects that had implemented a Systems Approach to Quality (SAQ), the Intervention group, against a similar set of projects that had implemented a compliance-based approach to quality, the Control group. This paper continues to investigate the project performance outputs for these two groups and specifically looks at the Request for Information (RFI) and Potential Change Item (PCI) workflows. This case study considers if RFI and PCI metrics can be used to determine if better quality design contributed to better performance outcomes. Then it considers how RFI and PCI processes relate to SAQ implementation. The authors’ findings suggest that applying SAQ resulted in project teams documenting RFIs sooner in the project lifecycle and experiencing faster closure rates compared to the Control group. KW - Systems Approach to Quality (SAQ) KW - Request for Information (RFI) KW - Potential Change Item (PCI) KW - Change Order (CO) KW - design quality KW - performance outcomes PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2113/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2113 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Mechanism for Smart Contracts to Mediate Production Bottlenecks Under Constraints C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1232 EP - 1244 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0176 AU - Chen, Gongfan AU - He, Chuanni AU - Hsiang, Simon M. AU - Liu, Min AU - Li, Huaming AD - PhD Candidate, Dept. of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA, gchen24@ncsu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-1935-2949 AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA, che117@syr.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-6243 AD - Professor and Department Chair, Dept. of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA, shsiang1@uncc.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-9137 AD - Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Director, Syracuse University Infrastructure Institute, College of Engineering & Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA, minliu92@syr.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-7109 AD - Material Manager, China Jingye Construction Engineering(S) Pte Ltd., Singapore, lihuaming9999@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-2999-9260 AB - Central project managers devote massive efforts to monitor, track, coordinate, and take actions to diagnose and prognose governed constraints and remove them to enable a reliable workflow. The blockchain-enabled smart contract can streamline the work process by predefining “intelligent” consensus to facilitate central managers’ jobs. However, the inability of smart contracts to handle unexpected events under complicated environments posited challenges in realizing it automatically. This study aimed to develop adaptive mechanism to mediate production bottlenecks caused by constraints. First, the research identified the four main types of constraints and their levels of variability from a prefabricated project. Then, a simulation model was established to quantify the impacts of different constraints and determine the fair payment rules. Lastly, different constraint-bundled scenarios and execution policies were developed and encoded in the smart contracts for automated executions. Smart contracts can assist construction managers to motivate reliable production and minimize waste caused by bottlenecks in the system. KW - Constraint KW - simulation KW - smart contracts KW - Shapley value KW - modular construction PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2114/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2114 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Untangling the Concepts of Value and Values C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 572 EP - 583 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0178 AU - Drevland, Frode AU - Lohne, Jardar AD - Associate Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, +47 920 64 262, frode.drevland@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-1564 AD - Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), jardar.lohne@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-2135- 3468 AB - The concept of value is widely used in lean construction (LC) literature, but researchers and practitioners lack a common understanding of the term. This is partially due to confusion between value (singular) and values (plural), which are two different concepts. This paper aims to provide a clear and concise understanding of the two concepts of value and values, separating them from each other and explaining their relationship. Furthermore, the paper discusses and exemplifies what these two concepts themselves entail. In doing so, the paper also introduces new terminology relevant for understanding and describing value and values in construction projects. Finally, the paper concludes that value and values research should be more precise in terminology than current literature. KW - Value KW - values KW - lean construction PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2115/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2115 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Mechanism for Smart Contracts to Mediate Production Bottlenecks Under Constraints C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1232 EP - 1244 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0179 AU - Chen, Gongfan AU - He, Chuanni AU - Hsiang, Simon M. AU - Liu, Min AU - Li, Huaming AD - PhD Candidate, Dept. of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA, gchen24@ncsu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-1935-2949 AD - 2 Postdoctoral Researcher, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA, che117@syr.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-6243 AD - Professor and Department Chair, Dept. of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA, shsiang1@uncc.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-9137 AD - Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA, shsiang1@uncc.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-9137 4 Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Director, Syracuse University Infrastructure Institute, College of Engineering & Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA, minliu92@syr.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-7109 AD - Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA, shsiang1@uncc.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-9137 4 Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Director, Syracuse University Infrastructure Institute, College of Engineering & Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA, minliu92@syr.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-7109 AB - Central project managers devote massive efforts to monitor, track, coordinate, and take actions to diagnose and prognose governed constraints and remove them to enable a reliable workflow. The blockchain-enabled smart contract can streamline the work process by predefining “intelligent” consensus to facilitate central managers’ jobs. However, the inability of smart contracts to handle unexpected events under complicated environments posited challenges in realizing it automatically. This study aimed to develop adaptive mechanism to mediate production bottlenecks caused by constraints. First, the research identified the four main types of constraints and their levels of variability from a prefabricated project. Then, a simulation model was established to quantify the impacts of different constraints and determine the fair payment rules. Lastly, different constraint-bundled scenarios and execution policies were developed and encoded in the smart contracts for automated executions. Smart contracts can assist construction managers to motivate reliable production and minimize waste caused by bottlenecks in the system. KW - Constraint KW - simulation KW - smart contracts KW - Shapley value KW - modular construction PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2116/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2116 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Slack: What Is Lacking on Supply Chain Resilience Strategies? C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1686 EP - 1697 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0181 AU - Pereira, Fernando AU - Fireman, Marcus AU - Etges, Bernardo AD - M.Sc. Student, Postgraduate Program: Operations Management and Sutainability, Fundação Getúlio Vargas FGV, São Paulo, Brazil. Lean Consultant at Climb Consulting Group, fernando@climbgroup.com.br, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1584-2249 AD - PhD Student, Postgraduate Program in Civil Eng.: Construction and Infrastructure, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-190, Brazil, marcus@climbgroup.com.br, orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-4715 AD - PhD Candidate, M.Sc. Eng., Founding-Partner at Climb Consulting Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, bernardo.m.etges@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3037-5597 AB - In complex systems, supply chains are more exposed to variability and uncertainties that lead companies to suffer negative effects on their performance and may even collapse. The civil construction sector is seen as a complex socio-technical system, therefore it must consider strategies that deal with these disturbances. Slack and resilience in the supply chain are topics that have already been discussed in several sectors of the industry and deal with these variables, however the literature is recent for the civil construction sector. It is understood that Slack can provide an improvement in the effect of supply chain resilience, however, there is no theoretical discussion that points out similarities and complementarities between slack and the concept of resilience in the supply chain to shed light on the uses and limitations of the practices. The study in question makes a theoretical discussion based on a literature review about these systems, compares their practices and strategies, similarities and complementarities and finally proposes future research. Findings of this study shows that one of the strategies like flexibility is more advanced on strategic issues such as pricing and flexible contracts in supply chain resilience theory than on slack theory. Other contributions are discussed for collaboration, social capital, margin of manoeuvre, agility and redundancy strategies. KW - Supply chain resilience KW - slack KW - strategies. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2117/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2117 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Off-Site/on-Site Composite Construction Method: An Unconscious Lean Construction Practice C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 778 EP - 789 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0182 AU - Shigaki, Jeferson Shin-Iti AU - Yashiro, Tomonari AD - Research Assistant, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, (Current Position: Senior Researcher, Takenaka Corporation Research & Development Institute, Inzai, Chiba, Japan), shigaki.jeferson@takenaka.co.jp, orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-6334 AD - Professor, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, yashiro@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp, orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-0212 AB - This paper provides a contemporary outlook on the concept, features, and achievements of the composite construction methods (fukugōka kōhō) developed in Japan between the 1970s and 1990s. The topic has not been widely publicised abroad, contrasting with prefabricated housing and construction robotics research conducted in the same period. However, the “compounding” approach can play a pivotal role in overcoming the present-day challenge of making digital construction technically possible and economically feasible. This research has employed two research methods. The first was a bibliographic survey of historical construction records and academic articles to grasp how fukugōka kōhō helped construction firms to deal with the pressing business and technological needs of that time. The second was focus group interviews with experienced engineers who came across the yielding effects of the compounding strategy and are now developing and implementing new elemental technologies integral to “smart construction systems” as part of R&D initiatives and productivity improvement management policies, which are tacitly lean. The awareness that try-out implementations of digital construction methods reassemble those past experiences put light on the possibility of resurging lean-ish hybrid production models to ensure competitiveness and reliability advantages in the transition period of technological maturation. KW - Fukugōka kōhō KW - prefabrication KW - off-site construction KW - work structuring KW - lean construction PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2118/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2118 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Daily Huddles’ Effect on Crew Productivity C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1255 EP - 1266 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0183 AU - Wandahl, Søren AU - Pérez, Cristina T. AU - Salling, Stephanie AU - Hansen, Cecilie H. AU - Nielse, Magnus K. AU - Nissen, Tom AD - Professor, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, swa@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-6035 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, cristina.toca.perez@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-1492 AD - Research Assistant, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, stsa@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-6458 AD - MSc thesis student at Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark AD - MSc thesis student at Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark AD - MSc thesis student at Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark AB - Construction labor productivity has always been a key focus point in construction management, particularly for the operational part of the management, i.e., the site managers. Nonetheless, it seems that research on the site managers’ tasks and time use is sparse. In the large lean toolbox, several approaches to improving labor productivity and management efficiency are present. One is the Daily Huddle. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between Daily Huddles and crew productivity. The research design is case-based, as two cases are analysed, one without and one with Daily Huddles implemented. Data based on Work Sampling of both crew and site manager are collected and analysed. The results show a remarkable distinction in the two cases in both site manager time use and crew productivity. However, a scientifically valid conclusion cannot be reached based on two cases only, thus limitations in the current research design and suggestion for future research are discussed as a contribution to the lean construction society. The practical implication of this study is that the benefit of Daily Huddles has been showcased. KW - Daily huddle KW - Flow KW - Productivity KW - Work Sampling PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2119/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2119 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Combined Digital Twin and Location-Based Management System C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1267 EP - 1278 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0184 AU - Jungmann, Manuel AU - Hartmann, Timo AU - Tomar, Rahul AU - Ungureanu, Lucian AD - PhD candidate, Civil Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany, manuel.jungmann@tuberlin.de, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0557-42 AD - Professor, Civil Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany, timo.hartmann@tu-berlin.de AD - Managing Director, DigitalTwin Technology GmbH, Germany, Rahul.tomar@digitaltwin.technology, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-265X AD - Head of Research and Innovation, digit AEC Matters SRL, Iasi, Romania, l.ungureanu@digitaec.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0158-4795 AB - As the coordination of resources’ flow during location-based construction is complex due to limited space and simultaneous movements, management systems have been extended by adding a control stage to handle deviations from the initial schedule. However, a suitable information system has yet to be established. Therefore, a combined digital twin and locationbased management system was developed. The digital twin concept relies on continuous, realtime data collection to provide information about the project's status. The combination of both methods facilitates effective, data-based production planning of the resources’ flow over time and space. The proposed system offers the ability to proactively manage real-time information for ongoing location-based work through discrete event simulation. For improved understanding among stakeholders, the simulated processes are visualised in a 4D game engine. In an exploratory study, the system's effectiveness was demonstrated by using literature-based changes in productivity rates during the construction of finishing work in a high-rise building. The discrete event simulation results indicate that by ordering reasonable actions in response to construction deviations, a high level of resource efficiency can be maintained. This highlights the importance of using real-time data in location-based construction projects. KW - Digital Twin Construction KW - Discrete Event Simulation KW - Location-Based Management System KW - 4D Process Visualisation. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2120/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2120 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Strategic Partnerships – Best Practice Across Norway and Denmark C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 309 EP - 320 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0185 AU - Paulsen, Sigurd B. AU - Engebø, Atle AU - Jensen, Morten S. AU - Simonsen, Rolf AU - Lædre, Ola AD - MSc/Project Engineer, Multiconsult, +47 954 88 252, sbp@multiconsult.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-5566-9049 AD - Researcher, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, +47 905 71 902, atle.engebo@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-5293-0176 AD - Project Manager, Værdibyg / LCI Denmark, +45 412 90 473, msj@vaerdibyg.dk, https://orcid.org/0009-0004- 1434-7299 AD - Director, PhD, Værdibyg, +45 224 4 1240, rs@vaerdibyg.dk, https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6540-4096 AD - Professor, dr. ing., Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, +47 911 89 938, ola.ladre@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-4604-8299 AB - In recent years, the concept of strategic partnerships has gained attention in the Norwegian and Danish construction industry. As a project delivery method, strategic partnerships share similarities with the Lean project delivery perspective and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) as they all seek to achieve more collaborative projects. In this paper we will compare strategic partnerships, strategic partnering and IPD based on literature reviews and experiences from recent strategic partnerships and strategic partnering in Norway and Denmark. The paper explains strategic partnerships and partnering by structuring it according to three essential Lean Construction (LC) elements: Commercial, organizational, and operating system. A combination of literature review and document study was used for data collection. Also, online meetings with all authors participating were completed to discuss and analyse data. Experiences from a Norwegian case study and Denmark points to several success criteria that are crucial for the success of long-term collaboration, such as multi-project framework agreement, keeping the same people, and support from the management. Some of the success criteria stem from IPD and others might also be a positive application for IPD. KW - Strategic partnerships KW - Strategic partnering KW - IPD KW - lean construction KW - collaboration. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2121/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2121 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Predictive Simulation for Automated Decision-Support in Production Planning and Control C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1279 EP - 1290 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0186 AU - Yeung, Timson AU - Ribón, Jhonattan Guillermo Martinez AU - Sharoni, Li-Or AU - Sacks, Rafael AU - Pitkäranta, Tomi AD - Doctoral Candidate, Seskin Virtual Construction Laboratory, Technion – IIT, Haifa, Israel, timsonyeung@campus.technion.ac.il, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-0801 AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Seskin Virtual Construction Laboratory, Technion – IIT, Haifa, Israel, jonattanm@campus.technion.ac.il, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6715-4440 AD - M.Sc. Student, Seskin Virtual Construction Laboratory, Technion – IIT, Haifa, Israel, li_or@campus.technion.ac.il, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-3290 AD - Professor, Head of National Building Research Institute, Seskin Virtual Construction Laboratory, Technion – IIT, Haifa, Israel, cvsacks@technion.ac.il, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9427-5053 AD - Head of Concept and Partnerships, Sitedrive Oy, Helsinki, Finland, tomi.pitkaranta@sitedrive.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1100-0578 AB - Production system design, planning and control are limited both by the incomplete situational awareness of planners and by their inability to predict the range of possible outcomes of their planning and control decisions. With the development of information technologies for monitoring products and processes on construction sites, it is increasingly possible to provide detailed status information describing the as-built products ‘as-built’ and processes ‘as-performed’. This opens the door to applying predictive analytics to provide decision-makers with frequent predictions of the outcomes for a range of changes they might contemplate to the production system design, even during construction. Within the BIM2TWIN project, we are designing and implementing an agent-based simulation engine that is a core component of an Automated Decision Support System. Currently, the simulation can be calibrated to accurately predict the range of likely project durations for a residential construction project. However, certain aspects of the trade crews’ performance, particularly with respect to the completion of tasks, appear to differ from the behaviours described by industry experts and encapsulated in the crew agent behaviour tree in the simulation. KW - Production system design KW - production planning and control KW - agent-based simulation KW - decisionsupport. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2122/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2122 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The PICO Framework for Analysis and Design of Production Systems for Construction C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1522 EP - 1533 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0188 AU - Sharoni, Li-Or AU - Sacks, Rafael AU - Yeung, Timson AU - Alhava, Otto AU - Laine, Enni AU - Ribon, Jhonattan Martinez AD - Master student, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, li_or@campus.technion.ac.il, orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-3290. AD - Professor, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, +972 4 829 3190, cvsacks@technion.ac.il, orcid.org/0000-0001-9427-5053 AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel, orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-0801, timsonyeung@campus.technion.ac.il AD - Chief Technology Officer, SiteDrive Oy, Master of Science (Tech.), Phone +358 4007 92493, otto.alhava@fira.fi AD - Project Engineer, Fira Oy, Master of Science (Tech.), Phone +358 4009 81855, enni.laine@fira.fi AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. orcid.org/0000-0001-6715-4440, jonattanm@campus.technion.ac.il AB - PICO is a framework that provides a conceptual guide for production system analysis and design in the construction industry. It has four key components: Production control mechanism, Information and communication system, Commercial terms, and Organizational structure. Each component is highly interdependent and has a set of detailed parameters and enumerated values. A comprehensive literature review, case studies, and analysis highlighted the knowledge gaps in current production system design frameworks. The PICO framework was originally devised to design a production system suited for short-takt production in residential construction, but it has been developed into a comprehensive mapping tool for the design and analysis of construction production systems in general. The paper shows an application of the framework to a takt system as a case study and an example of its application. The framework expands the current understanding of production systems in construction, offering new insights and a comprehensive approach to designing new production systems. KW - Production system design KW - Production planning KW - and control KW - Residential Construction KW - Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) KW - Transformation-Flow-Value (TFV). PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2123/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2123 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Co-Acting With Circularity? An Investigation in Product-Service Systems in Rental Housing C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 486 EP - 497 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0189 AU - Parker, David AU - Jylhä, Tuuli. E. AU - Bortel, Gerard A. van AU - Schraven, Daan F. J. AD - M.Sc.(Tech), Department of Management in the Built Department, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands. AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, tuuli.jylha@aalto.fi. AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Management in the Built Department, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Materials, Mechanics, Management & Design, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands. AB - Circularity is positioned as an alternative model to achieve sustainable prosperity. Lean construction highlights not only building delivery with less but also contributing to sustainable development. However, lean is criticized for reducing waste only within organizational boundaries while neglecting the impact of waste beyond the boundaries. On the contrary, circularity originates to reduce waste in the system and is currently seeking approaches to implement waste reduction in circular production. To speed up the transition to sustainable resource consumption, the co-act between lean and circular construction seems evident. This research studies resource consumption in product-service systems (PSSs), which are acknowledged to reduce resource consumption. This research first assesses the ability of PSSs to slow and close the loops. After this, the research discusses the complementarities of circularity and lean to co-act toward the same goal. The multiple case studies demonstrate that PSSs have the potential to slow and close the loops. However, PSSs are not inherently circular, but each PSS needs to be designed to be circular system-by-system. Furthermore, the theoretical discussion encourages lean to co-act with circularity. The PSSs provide a system view to lean: to reduce current and future waste and to avoid value losses in multiple life cycles. KW - Circularity KW - servitization KW - product-service system KW - building components. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2124/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2124 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Managing Human-Centered Innovation Within Tvd in Healthcare Projects C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1082 EP - 1091 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0190 AU - Tillmann, Patricia A AU - Eckblad, Stuart AD - Senior Manager for Lean Project Development, The Boldt Company, San Francisco, USA. Patricia.tillmann@boldt.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3420-3132 AD - Vice President, Health Major Capital Projects, UCSF Real Estate, San Francisco, USA. Stuart.Eckblad@ucsf.edu AB - Responsible for delivering major healthcare projects, the University of California in San Francisco (UCSF) has devised creative ways of reducing waste and increasing value through project delivery. In a previous paper, we described UCSF Health’s journey to rethink project delivery practices. The adoption of Target Value Delivery (TVD) is a core enabler of their success. The University has consistently adopted TVD to deliver complex healthcare projects within or below their allowable costs. Previous papers have provided evidence and insights into why and how such success has been achieved. However, the focus so far has been on collaboration and cost management. This paper describes the strategies utilized to focus on and manage value generation. The term human-centered innovation was chosen to emphasize stakeholder engagement and empathy building as input to idea generation. This approach shaped how TVD is implemented in these case studies. Its analysis provided insights into complementary design and decision-making strategies traditionally used in TVD. In particular, the design strategies observed in this research expand the documentation of TVD best practices to include not only solution development strategies but also participatory and empathic ways of understanding, framing, and reframing design problems. KW - Target Value Design KW - Value Management KW - Value Generation KW - Integrated Project Delivery KW - and Healthcare Design. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2125/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2125 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Logistics Planning Within the Last Planner System for Highway Construction Projects C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1291 EP - 1302 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0191 AU - Antonini, Bruno G. AU - Pimentel, Fernanda M. AU - Fireman, Marcus C. T. AU - Etges, Bernardo M. B. S. AU - Campos, Frederico R. AU - Junior, João de Lima AU - Kronbauer, Bárbara K. AD - M.Sc. Candidate in Civil Eng. at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Lean Consultant at Climb Consulting Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil. bruno@climbgroup.com.br, orcid.org/0000-0003-4437-4664 AD - Lean Consultant at Climb Consulting Group, Graduate in Civil Eng. at Pucrs, Porto Alegre, Brazil. fernanda@climbgroup.com.br, orcid.org/0000-0003-0230-4326 AD - PhD Candidate, M.Sc. Eng., Founding-Partner at Climb Consulting Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, marcus@climbgroup.com.br , orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-4715 AD - PhD Candidate, M.Sc. Eng., Founding-Partner at Climb Consulting Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, bernardo@climbgroup.com.br , orcid.org/0000-0002-3037- 5597 AD - Director Eng. at Neovia Engenharia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil frederico.campos@neoviaengenharia.com.br , orcid.org/0000-0002-5745-7461 AD - lanning Manager at Neovia Engenharia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil joao.junior@neoviaengenharia.com.br , orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-0963 AD - Planning Eng. at Neovia Engenharia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil barbara.kronbauer@neoviaengenharia.com.br , orcid.org/0000-0003-1370-7331 AB - This study presents a new Logistics Planning methodology implemented in a highway construction project from May to December 2022. The objective was to analyze the feasibility of using a Logistics Planning method with the help of a Visual Board, in conjunction with the Last Planner System. The research method utilized was the Design Science Research. A 6-step method was developed to enhance the Lookahead Planning routine. After the implementation of the methodology, a decrease in the total and equipment-related impact hours in the productivity fronts was observed, as well as an improvement in the PPC indicator and labour productivity in each service front. It was concluded that the use of Visual Management, combined with Logistics Planning, stimulates the engagement of the operation's employees around the project schedule, increasing the accuracy of the Master Plan. KW - Lean construction Highways KW - Last Planner System KW - Visual Management KW - Lookahead Planning KW - Logistics Planning. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2126/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2126 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) for Healthcare Projects: A Company-Specific Analysis C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 321 EP - 332 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0192 AU - Hanna, A.S. AU - Zhu, Z. AU - Morrison, J.T. AD - Boldt Company Professor and Chair, program in Construction Engineering and Management, Director, Construction and Materials Support Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, ashanna@wisc.edu orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-6316 AD - M.A. Mortenson Associate Professor, Program in Construction Engineering and Management, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, zzhu286@wisc.edu orcid.org/0000-0002-4554-1770 AD - Project Management Consultant, Hanna Consulting Group, Middleton, Wisconsin, USA, john.morrison@wisc.edu, orcid.org/ 0000-0002-4741-2091 AB - Organizations are increasingly looking to Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) to provide leaner and more successful projects in their construction efforts. Of particular interest is IPD in the healthcare sector, which has a higher instance of megaprojects and a higher overall level of complexity and risk. Therefore, the risk-sharing model espoused by IPD is more attractive than conventional delivery like Design-Bid-Build (DBB) or Construction Manager At-Risk (CMR). A major contractor worked with the researchers to evaluate its performance on two recent healthcare projects on which it deployed IPD techniques as the first step in a potential organizational shift to the IPD paradigm. Eleven projects were collected – the two IPD projects as well as nine similar projects delivered under CMR within the last five years. These were compared to twenty healthcare projects completed by other firms in terms of eighteen key performance metrics. Logically, lean ideals native to IPD led to better performance in several metrics; particularly those that have been previously identified as strongly correlated with project success such as cost and schedule growth, as well as in overall project performance in terms of the Project Performance Index (PPI). Buoyed by strong results, the company intends to continue with IPD. KW - Integrated project delivery (IPD) KW - lean construction KW - process KW - project delivery systems KW - project performance PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2127/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2127 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Methodology to Quantitatively Assess Collaboration in the Make-Ready Process C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 942 EP - 953 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0193 AU - Lagos, Camilo Ignacio AU - Herrera, Rodrigo F. AU - Cawley, Alejandro Mac AU - Maluk, Pablo AU - Alarcón, Luis F. AD - PhD Candidate, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, colagos@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-0039 AD - Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, rodrigo.herrera@pucv.cl orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-3154 AD - Associate Professor, Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, amac@ing.puc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-4848-4732 AD - Student of Civil Engineering, Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, pmaluk@uc.cl AD - Professor, Dept. of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, lalarcon@ing.puc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-2272 AB - The Last Planner System (LPS) promotes collaboration to plan, prepare and execute work systematically. Make-Ready Planning (MRP) is a key LPS component, connecting mid- and short-term planning by proactively identifying and removing constraints. However, systematic deficiencies in MRP implementation have been observed, and MRP assessment mechanisms are limited to constraint management indexes and qualitative assessment of practices. Hence, finding easy to apply ways to quantitatively assess MRP collaboration and its impacts on LPS performance is identified as research opportunity. To address this, a Design Science Research approach was used to propose a methodology for evaluating MRP collaboration using Social Network Analysis (SNA) of objective LPS information captured by existing Information Technology (IT) support systems. This approach allows for the creation of a directional social network of interactions between constraint removal (source) and task execution (target) last planners. Assessing the average degree, centrality, heterogeneity, number of connected components and density allows to identify collaboration improvement opportunities as well as understanding the impact of collaboration on LPS performance, as the project progresses. KW - Last Planner System KW - make-ready planning KW - constraint analysis KW - collaboration PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2128/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2128 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Developing and Testing Computer- and Virtual Reality-Based Target Value Design Simulations C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 629 EP - 638 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0194 AU - Kim, Suryeon AU - Rybkowski, Zofia AU - Jeong, H. David AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Construction Science, School of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, kimsuryeon@tamu.edu, orcid.org/0009-0002-2231-6674 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Construction Science, School of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, zrybkowski@arch.tamu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0683-5004 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Science, School of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, djeong@tamu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-4074-1869 AB - Knowledge of fundamental lean construction principles and tools is often imparted through the physical playing of serious games and simulations. However, globalization and the emergence of the recent pandemic have created increasing demands for scalability, as well as for diverse player usability and remote implementation of the games. That said, there are challenges associated with transforming existing lean simulations to technology-oriented modes, such as computer- and VR-based formats. For example, while the potential of using advanced formats is promising, it is unclear if these versions offer an equivalent level of learning effectiveness as in-person play. This research reports on the development and testing of different forms of the Marshmallow Target Value Design (TVD) Simulation, including computer- and VR-based formats. Researchers administered and assessed post-simulation questionnaires, and the moderator effect of perceived usability was determined and analyzed. Results show that the computer-based format was more effective than the physical-based format for some TVD principles and that the VR-based format was more effective than the physical-based Marshmallow TVD Simulation for most TVD principles. For the computer-based format, usability moderated learning effectiveness. These results indicate that when developing a computer-based simulation, the usability of the simulation must be considered to ensure maximum effectiveness. KW - Serious games KW - simulations KW - target value delivery (TVD) KW - computer-based simulation KW - VRbased simulation PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2129/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2129 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Implementation of Lean Thinking to Improve Masonry Construction and Design C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1534 EP - 1545 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0195 AU - Momenifar, Samaneh AU - Keyrouz, Karl AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - MSc Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, U of A, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, momenifa@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9491-8044 AD - MSc Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, U of A, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, keyrouz@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-5109 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, U of A, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 AB - Masonry construction provides multiple functions with a single element, is cost-effective, durable, and provides a visually appealing finish. In addition, its flexibility in design and reasonable construction cost makes it more attractive. Specifically, characteristics of loadbearing masonry make it a viable choice for residential buildings, hence a viable solution to address housing demands. However, evidence shows this type of building is less desired nowadays due to its reputation as having traditional shapes and low productivity in the construction process. Lean thinking has been widely applied in the construction industry. However, lean applications in the masonry industry can be widened. In this research, site visits, consultations with industry professionals and stakeholders, and an extensive literature review have been conducted to understand existing problems of design and construction of load-bearing masonry systems in Canada. To address the discovered problems, several lean thinking solutions are proposed with the focus on consideration of complex wall configurations and providing early feedback in the conceptual design stage of masonry buildings. Development of one-piece flow for mortar transportation and generative design tools are two of proposed solutions. Development of intelligent BIM and construction simulation models are presented as future research ideas to validate the proposed lean solutions. KW - Masonry KW - generative design KW - simulation KW - lean thinking. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2130/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2130 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Incorporating Psychology of Learning Through the Malabares Method for Effective Implementation of the Last Planner System C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 639 EP - 650 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0196 AU - Plubins, Cristóbal AU - Wesp, Lispet AU - Fermandois, Cristobal AU - Antúnez, Andrés AU - Tirado, Guillermo AU - Herrera, Rodrigo F. AD - Relational Consultant, Malabares Consultants, Santiago, Chile, cristobal.plubins@gmail.com AD - Technical Consultant, Malabares Consultants, Santiago, Chile, lispet@malabares.cl AD - Technical Consultant, Malabares Consultants, Valparaíso, Chile, cristobal.fermandois.u@gmail.com AD - Cofounder and Relational Consultant, Malabares Consultants, Santiago, Chile, andres@malabares.cl AD - Cofounder and Technical Consultant, Malabares Consultants, Villarrica, Chile, guillermo@malabares.cl AD - Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, rodrigo.herrera@pucv.cl, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-3154 AB - This study investigates the impact of teaching through a method developed by a chilean company, Malabares Consultores, based on psychology of learning theories and in the adherence to the Last Planner System methodology. It takes a qualitative and descriptive approach to the teaching of LPS by implementing this so-called the Malabares method, that is a compound of six key factors, as is described in the present document. The study shows the evolution of this method in three stages of development, where the learning obtained in each stage is analysed as well as the adjustments made to improve it. The results show that through the security, confidence and willingness to learn of the participants, added to the gamification of the contents, a link is generated between teacher and student that allows the LPS methodology to be transmitted very effectively both to the person and to the company a la whole. On the other hand, transversal participation from the entire team, including administrators and on-site managers, added to an implementation program that trains work teams at their own workplaces, supporting teams in generating the planning habit under de LPS in the long term, are proven to be crucial to success. The study provides evidence for the effectiveness of the Malabares method in the construction industry and concludes that it offers a valuable approach to implementing the LPS, emphasizing the importance of continuous improvement within the method development example itself. KW - Serious games KW - simulations KW - action learning/research KW - trust KW - collaboration KW - Last Planner System. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2131/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2131 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Set-Based Design in Construction Projects: Benefits, Difficulties and Trends C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1092 EP - 1103 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0197 AU - Castañeda, Karen AU - Herrera, Rodrigo F. AU - Sánchez, Omar AU - Mejía, Guillermo AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia, karen2178721@correo.uis.edu.co, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3783-6293 AD - Ph.D. Professor, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile, rodrigo.herrera@pucv.cl, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-3154 AD - Ph.D. Professor, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia, omar.sanchez@correo.uis.edu.co, omar_sanchezr@javeriana.edu.co, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6070-3910 AD - Ph.D. Professor, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia, gmejia@uis.edu.co, https://orcid.org/0000- 0002-3829-7730 AB - Design processes generate inputs to plan and control the development of project construction processes. There is a growing interest in implementing design techniques involving various options to reach a systemic overview and select the best proposal. One such technique is Set-Based Design (SBD) which identifies and explores multiple design options simultaneously. Although several studies have been carried out focused on the SBD implementation in construction projects, there need to be more studies that synthesize the main findings to facilitate a proper implementation according to the different contexts. Considering this gap, this paper focuses on presenting a synthesis of SBD's benefits, difficulties, and trends in construction projects. The research method corresponds to a systematic literature review of a sample of 281 documents initially drawn from Scopus database and finally, with 32 documents screened, this study undertook the following stages. The research method has five stages: 1) scope definition; 2) searching of relevant documents; 3) document selection; 4) evidence collection, analysis, and synthesis; and 5) results report. The findings show a trend towards adopting the SBD technique for the design of structural elements of buildings and bridges. The three most frequently reported benefits of SBD adoption are: 1) transparent decision-making processes, 2) better collaboration in decision-making, and 3) better communication among designers. The three most frequently reported difficulties 1) inadequate organizational structure for the adoption of SBD, 2) lack of staff experience, 3) resistance to change in organizations. KW - Set-based design KW - point-based design KW - benefits KW - difficulties KW - trends KW - systematic review. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2132/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2132 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Occupational Stress in Construction: Fostering an IGLC Research Agenda C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 423 EP - 434 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0198 AU - Sarhan, Saad AU - Pretlove, Stephen AU - Mossman, Alan AU - Elshafie, Mohammed Z.E.B AD - Senior lecturer in construction management, Lincoln School of Architecture and the Built Environment, University of Lincoln, United Kingdom, ssarhan@lincoln.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-2350 AD - Professor of Sustainable Construction, Lincoln School of Architecture and the Built Environment, University of Lincoln, United Kingdom, spretlove@lincoln.ac.uk AD - The Change Business; +44 7968 485627, alanmossman@mac.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-9164 AD - Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, melshafie@qu.edu.qa, orcid.org/0000-0001-9908-5515 AB - Globally mental health is a serious concern, particularly in construction. According to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE, 2021), stress, anxiety, and depression are the second biggest cause of work-related ill health in the UK construction industry. Occupational stress and mental health issues should, therefore, be treated with the same level of significance as physical health and safety risks in construction. To the authors’ knowledge, there are very few, if any, published empirical IGLC papers that have explicitly focused on this concern. This study was conducted using case-study interviews and a focus group with industry experts, to explore and promote the concept of ‘occupational stress’ in construction. The study provides novel contributions to knowledge, which include: identifying seven main sources of stress (i.e. stressor) in UK construction projects, revealing ‘workflow interruptions’ as a prevalent and severe source of stress in construction, shedding some empirical light on the inadequacies of the critical path method, and generating new questions and proposals to pave the way towards a future IGLC research agenda for tackling occupational stress and mental health issues in construction. KW - Lean construction KW - stress KW - mental health KW - flow KW - waste PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2133/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2133 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Teaching and Training Efforts of Academia and Industry Towards Lean Construction in India C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 651 EP - 662 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0199 AU - Sreram, Prashanth Kumar AU - Thomas, Albert AD - Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India, +91 40 67359511, 194048001@iitb.ac.in, orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-5048 / Assistant Professor, School of Construction & Technology, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Jagganguda(V),Shamirpet(M), Hyderabad, Telangana 500101, India, +91 40 67359511, psreram@nicmar.ac.in, orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-5048 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai,Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India, +91 22 25767347, albert@iitb.ac.in, orcid.org/ 0000-0002-4924-6592 AB - Lean construction is gaining traction in India. While there are a few companies which have become first movers and gained advantages of lean implementation in construction projects, there still are many companies which still need to adopt lean construction. At this juncture, the role of academia and industry is vital for accelerating lean implementation. However, the studies indicating lean teaching and training efforts are limited in the Indian context. Therefore, research is conducted to explore how Indian construction companies are adopting lean and how academia is contributing to lean construction, which is the aim of the study. Multiple research methods are used to obtain information on lean implementation. The results indicate that organisations have started lean implementation mainly for cost and time benefits, but there is a difference in training their employees and trade partners. Academia is teaching lean construction majorly as an elective than as a compulsory course. Further, measures to accelerate lean implementation in India are proposed. Overall, this paper presents the efforts of industry and academia towards lean implementation in India and is a source of information for construction companies in emerging and developing economies wishing to initiate the lean journey. KW - Lean construction KW - collaboration KW - education KW - process KW - change. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2134/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2134 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Choosing by Advantages (CBA) to Select the Best Location for a Solar Photovoltaic Plant in the Pre-Feasibility Stage C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 498 EP - 508 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0200 AU - Aza, Kevin AU - Erazo-Rondinel, Andrews A. AU - Li-Albrizzio, Lao J. AU - Melgar, Mauricio A. AU - Paucar-Espinoza, Anthony F. AD - Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, kazav@uni.pe, orcid.org/0000-0003-2714-6889 AD - Teaching Assistant, Professional School of Civil Engineering, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru, aerazo@continental.edu.pe, orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-573X AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, lao.li.a@uni.pe, orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-7411 AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, mauricio.melgar.m@uni.pe, orcid.org/0009-0007-6491-4134 AD - Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, apaucare@uni.pe, orcid.org/0000-0002-5369-1584 AB - The energy transition from fossil fuels to pollution-free and sustainable energy has been a common goal for all countries worldwide. In line with this transition, the Peruvian industry and many others worldwide seek to develop new renewable energy projects. Solar photovoltaic energy is the preferred option due to the significant potential in its territory. This research aims to show the application of the CBA methodology in selecting the best location for a solar Photovoltaic (PV) plant to develop a pre-feasibility study whose area of interest are the Peruvian Andes. The analysis was based on identifying the advantages of each factor considered in evaluating the best sites for the location of a solar PV plant. The results showed that the CBA methodology is very important when performing pre-feasibility studies for solar PV plants, where costs do not make substantial differences between alternatives. This research will be a valuable tool for the community of professionals in developing renewable energy when performing pre-feasibility studies in which there needs to be more information on the area of interest. The aim is to define the location with the best solar photovoltaic potential. KW - The energy transition from fossil fuels to pollution-free and sustainable energy has been a common goal for all countries worldwide. In line with this transition KW - the Peruvian industry and many others worldwide seek to develop new renewable energy projects. Solar photovoltaic energy is the preferred option due to the significant potential in its territory. This research aims to show the application of the CBA methodology in selecting the best location for a solar Photovoltaic (PV) plant to develop a pre-feasibility study whose area of interest are the Peruvian Andes. The analysis was based on identifying the advantages of each factor considered in evaluating the best sites for the location of a solar PV plant. The results showed that the CBA methodology is very important when performing pre-feasibility studies for solar PV plants KW - where costs do not make substantial differences between alternatives. This research will be a valuable tool for the community of professionals in developing renewable energy when performing pre-feasibility studies in which there needs to be more information on the area of interest. The aim is to define the location with the best solar photovoltaic potential. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2135/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2135 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Success in Interrelated Supply Chain: an Analysis of the Human Behaviour Under Crisis C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1698 EP - 1708 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0201 AU - Poshdar, Mani AU - Herrera, Rodrigo F. AU - González, Vicente A. AD - Senior lecturer, School of Future Environment, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zeland, mani.poshdar@aut.ac.nz, orcid.org/0000-0001-9132-2985 AD - Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, rodrigo.herrera@pucv.cl, orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-3154 AD - Professor and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Digital Lean Construction, Hole School of Construction Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, vagonzal@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-3408-3863 AB - A wealth of studies is available on the key success factors of managing interrelated projects in a construction supply chain. The human factor, however, is often overlooked in normative success solutions. According to classical management theory, individuals are expected to act rationally and maximise their utility. Although, due to an individual's computational and cognitive abilities, decision-makers often choose the first satisfactory course of action rather than searching for the optimal course of action, particularly during times of crisis. This study adopted a surrogate model to conduct a series of laboratory simulations that involved human behaviour. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to determine the experiment design, followed by sixteen hours of experiments that spanned two countries investigating decision-making behaviour within two prominent management models: the traditional and collaborative models. In order to identify patterns in the perception of the participants regarding real success factors, a content analysis was performed on their questionnaire responses. This analysis identified three key characteristics of construction success and the top characteristics required to succeed under each model investigated. By sharing these insights and lessons learned, teams can gain a deeper understanding of what it takes to succeed in a competitive environment. KW - A wealth of studies is available on the key success factors of managing interrelated projects in a construction supply chain. The human factor KW - however KW - is often overlooked in normative success solutions. According to classical management theory KW - individuals are expected to act rationally and maximise their utility. Although KW - due to an individual's computational and cognitive abilities KW - decision-makers often choose the first satisfactory course of action rather than searching for the optimal course of action KW - particularly during times of crisis. This study adopted a surrogate model to conduct a series of laboratory simulations that involved human behaviour. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to determine the experiment design KW - followed by sixteen hours of experiments that spanned two countries investigating decision-making behaviour within two prominent management models: the traditional and collaborative models. In order to identify patterns in the perception of the participants regarding real success factors KW - a content analysis was performed on their questionnaire responses. This analysis identified three key characteristics of construction success and the top characteristics required to succeed under each model investigated. By sharing these insights and lessons learned KW - teams can gain a deeper understanding of what it takes to succeed in a competitive environment. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2136/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2136 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Development of an Optimization Model Based on Business Process Re-Engineering to Minimize Construction Projects Delay C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1709 EP - 1720 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0203 AU - Rehman, Muhammad Atiq Ur AU - Khan, Sharfuddin Ahmed AU - Arbaoui, Taha AU - Huot, Mickael AU - Chaabane, Amin AD - Lean Construction (LC), Construction Supply Chain (CSC), Optimization, Offsite Construction, Scheduling AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Systems Engineering,University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada, sharfuddin.khan@uregina.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-5822-0933 AD - Associate Professor, Laboratory of Industrial System Optimization, University of Technology of Troyes , 12 rue Marie Curie CS 42060 10004 TROYES CEDEX , France , taha.arbaoui@utt.fr/ 0000-0001-8984-2375 AD - Co-Founder - Chief Analyst , Ariv , 321 Rue Saint-Charles O, Longueuil, QC J4H 1E5, Canada , mickael.huot@ariv.ca AD - 4 Co-Founder - Chief Analyst , Ariv , 321 Rue Saint-Charles O, Longueuil, QC J4H 1E5, Canada , mickael.huot@ariv.ca AB - Related decisions can affect project scheduling in a construction supply chain (CSC). After all, the project activities require vital resources and collaboration among project stakeholders. That effects can occur negatively, such as delay, budget overrun, and project performance. These effects are considered wastes in lean construction (LC). The concept of LC is still limited regarding application in CSC. This study aims to develop a decision-making model (LC tool) to minimize project delays using a mixed integer linear programming optimization model. The proposed model is triggered by the business process re-engineering of the scheduling process. A construction company case example that delivers construction renovation projects to its customers is considered for validation. This approach is applied in two stages. In the first stage, the information process flow of the company is developed to derive the inputs required for the logistics and scheduling optimization model. Then in the second stage, the mathematical model is developed based on the inputs to generate optimal supplier selection, projects schedules, and resource utilization decisions. By using the proposed LC tool, the results show that delays in multiple projects can be minimized. Finally, decision-makers can use this technique to manage concurrent projects and suppliers that leanly provide essential resources to these projects. KW - Lean Construction (LC) KW - Construction Supply Chain (CSC) KW - Optimization KW - Offsite Construction KW - Scheduling PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2137/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2137 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction Through Waste Register Method: A Case Studies Project in Indonesia C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1303 EP - 1313 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0204 AU - Aisyah, Rina Asri AU - Gunawan, Kevin AU - Gazali, Abdhy AD - Practitioner, Lean Construction Operation Section, Building Division, PT PP (Persero) Tbk, Jakarta, Indonesia, aisyah_rina@ptpp.co.id AD - Practitioner, Lean Construction Operation Section, Building Division, PT PP (Persero) Tbk, Jakarta, Indonesia, kevin.gunawan@ptpp.co.id AD - Practitioner, Lean Construction Management Section, Strategic Planning Engineering & Technology Division, PT PP (Persero) Tbk, Jakarta, Indonesia, muh.abdhygazalihs@ptpp.co.id AB - Waste in construction projects is a significant research topic globally, including in Indonesia. The lean construction concept identifies any waste as a non-value added. Different waste management techniques categorize waste as either physical or non-physical. Based on literatures explain that most of project construction is bad on waste registration. The paper focuses on implementing lean construction for physical construction waste. Furthermore, this article presents Indonesian case studies to illustrate the impact of lean construction on building projects. The study analyses waste management impacts across three periods of time. Lean waste management provides an early warning evaluation in the short term that are used as an indicator, so the project can evaluate and follow up as an effort to reduce waste, which in this study shows a reduction of waste from 2.1% to 1.7%. Addressing common waste in the medium-term increases project productivity by 50% and improves cost and duration efficiency. It reduces many possible wastages due to defects, overproduction, non-utilized talent, inventory, transportation, motion, waiting, and extra processing (DOWNTIME). Sustainable waste reduction practices can become a productivity standard in the long term by continuously improving the cycle of writing, categorizing, analysing, and writing for each job. KW - Lean construction KW - waste KW - productivity KW - value KW - continuous improvement PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2138/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2138 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Collaborative Dialogue During the Pre-Tendering Phase to Maximize Project Value Generation C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 333 EP - 343 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0205 AU - Vecchio, Valeria AU - Abellanosa, Abbey Dale AU - Konwat, Bernadette AU - Wei, Yu AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - M.Sc. Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CA, vvecchio@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-194X AD - 2 Ph.D. Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CA, abellano@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-2790-4347 AD - M.Eng. Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CA, konwat@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0001-9302-2804 AD - M.Sc. Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CA, ywei4@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-8909 AD - 5 Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 AB - The construction industry has widely adopted traditional project delivery methods, such as design-bid-build, to develop conventional construction projects, where only one main contractor is granted the project contract. Selecting only one main contractor for the project results in the waste of valuable ideas coming from the rest of the bidders who participated in the tendering process but did not win the bid. These ideas, coming from the contractors that lost the bid, are usually not considered during the project execution, even though they could increase the value of a project, shorten the schedule, and reduce costs. As an alternative to solve the current gap of lost creativity and ideas coming from contractors that were not awarded the project contract, this study will explore the workarounds to promote partnership between key stakeholders during the pre-tendering phase by involving multiple contractors instead of a single construction project, to develop innovative ideas that could maximize the value of a construction project. The importance of collaboration and co-creation of value is widely emphasized in lean construction. Experts in the construction industry with a background in collaborative delivery were surveyed and interviewed to understand their opinion on the proposed topic. The experts from both backgrounds concluded that involving multiple contractors instead of just one main contractor is a feasible idea, but it will take effort from all the stakeholders to compromise on this type of agreement. The benefits and constraints of implementing collaborative dialogue are further discussed in the following sections of this study. KW - Value generation KW - project definition phase KW - key stakeholder engagement KW - procurement strategy PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2139/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2139 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Perspectives on Roles and Responsibilities of Project Team Members to Enable Collaborative Decision-Making Process C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 954 EP - 965 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0207 AU - Christensen, Randi AU - Arroyo, Paz AU - Schöttle, Annett AD - PhD., Sustainability Director, COWI, rmch@cowi.com, Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, orcid.org/0000-0002-3377-7057 AD - PhD., Quality Leader, DPR Construction, PazA@dpr.com, Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisionsFounder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-8172 AD - Dr.-Ing., Partner, refine Project AG, annett.schoettle@refine.team, Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-7320. AB - The owners, architects, engineers, and contractors (OAEC) industry needs to enable a collaborative decision-making process to include different perspectives and thereby find the best solutions regarding some of the challenges we face, e.g., environmental impacts, social responsibilities, and economic pressure. Decision-making is a key element through which innovation and changes can be introduced to construction projects. The need for a collaborative decision-making process and the methods used to make decisions have been discussed in previous research. However, changing the way we make decisions calls for a new definition of the roles and responsibilities of the involved parties. In this paper, we analyze three different cases to identify the concerns of the different stakeholders and recommend how roles and responsibilities could be defined with the aim of making more collaborative, transparent, and value-adding decisions in the OAEC industry. KW - Collaborative decisions KW - choosing by advantages KW - roles KW - responsibilities KW - sustainability. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2140/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2140 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Investigating Emergence of ‘New Tasks’ in Last Planner® System: Social Network Perspective of Planning Behaviours C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1314 EP - 1325 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0208 AU - Gupta, Anukriti AU - Devkar, Ganesh AD - Masters Student, M.Tech. Construction Engineering and Management, Faculty of Technology, CEPT University, Ahmedabad – 380009, India, +91 9530372081, ganukriti4@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-5451-4344 AD - Associate Professor, Faculty of Technology, CEPT University, Ahmedabad - 380009, India, +91 9099010303, ganesh.devkar@cept.ac.in, orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-1221 AB - The Last Planner System (LPS) is a collaborative planning process aimed at ensuring the efficient and timely completion of construction tasks and fostering trust among project participants. Despite its widespread adoption, it has been observed that ‘New Tasks’ that deviate from the original plan often arise in construction projects. This paper investigates the planning behaviours behind the emergence of these New Tasks by examining the social interaction patterns within a construction project. Three different construction projects with varying degrees of LPS implementation were studied to identify the New Tasks that emerge during the execution process. To understand the planning behaviours related to the New Tasks, the interaction patterns of the individuals involved in the look-ahead planning and the weekly commitment planning were mapped using Social Network Analysis. The findings suggest that a tightly bound network exhibits more cohesiveness and can be associated with effective communication and streamlined information flow which leads to fewer New Tasks. While insufficient coordination and ineffective collaboration can be correlated to emergence of higher number of New Tasks. Look-ahead planning is key in this regard as it incorporates collaboration between all stakeholders into the pull-planning of the tasks. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2141/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2141 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Development of a Machine Learning-Based Labour Productivity Prediction Tool to Practice Lean Construction C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1326 EP - 1336 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0209 AU - Saini, Abhay AU - Thomas, Albert AD - Master’s Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India, 213040078@iitb.ac.in, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-5880 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India, albert@iitb.ac.in, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-6592 AB - The construction industry is a labour-intensive industry. This is one of the reasons why the industry has significant room to incorporate lean principles and reduce waste. Various lean tools can be implemented in construction projects, such as Kanban, JIT and 5S. However, these tools majorly focus on activities at an aggregate level and do not always incorporate sub-activities carried out within a small activity. The productivity of smaller activities (activities that typically span from minutes to hours) is essential to be assessed and controlled to increase the efficiency of overall activity. This paper aims to develop a labour productivity prediction tool based on machine learning principles and lean ideologies to improve the overall productivity of construction activities, considering the productivity of sub-activities. The developed framework is demonstrated by analyzing the productivity of reinforcement activity in a construction project. In the study, inventory wastes are minimized using the prediction from the developed quantitative labour productivity prediction model. An increase of 13.7% in overall productivity is achieved through the implementation of the developed framework KW - Lean construction process KW - value stream mapping KW - machine learning KW - lean theory PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2142/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2142 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Supply Chain Risk, Disruption and Resilience; Comparison by Size and Industry Types C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1721 EP - 1734 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0210 AU - Safari, Arsalan AU - Ismail, Vanesa B. Al AU - Parast, Mahour M. AU - Golgeci, Ismail AU - Pokharel, Shaligram AD - Associate Professor, Center for Entrepreneurship & Organizational Excellence, College of Business & Economics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, asafari@qu.edu.qa, orcid.org/0000-0002-9324-3321 AD - Senior Researcher, College of Business & Economics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, vanesa.b@qu.edu.qa, orcid.org/0000-0003-4067-3886 AD - Eminent Scholar, Arizona State University: Tempe, AZ, US, mahour.parast@asu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0001- 6589-1076 AD - Associate Professor, Aarhus University: Aarhus C, DK, i.golgeci@uea.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-6853-3255 AD - Professor, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, shaligram@qu.edu.qa, orcid.org/0000-0002- 7709-7803 AB - This study categorizes the types of the supply chain (SC) risk events and disruption and characterizes the plans for SC resilience by firm size and by industry in a holistic framework. We applied systematic literature review and analysis of high quality peer-reviewed journal articles published since January 2000. We collected these articles through three main global scientific databases using relevant keywords. The study maps the sources and antecedents of SC risks and disruption in a comprehensive framework for the six SC risk categories of demand, supply, organization, operations, environment, and network/control. Our findings suggest that the SC resilience plans developed by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are not necessarily the same as those of large enterprises. While collaboration and networking, and risk management are the most crucial resilience capabilities for all firms, applying lean and quality management principles and utilizing information technology are more crucial for SMEs. For large firms, knowledge management and contingency planning are more important. The resilience plans also vary by industry type as well. Based on our analysis, the authors identify theoretical inconsistencies and knowledge gaps in the literature on SC risks and SC resilience, leading to suggested directions for research in this field. KW - Supply Chain Disruption Risk KW - Supply Chain Resilience KW - Contingency Theory KW - Size KW - Industry PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2143/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2143 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Barriers to BIM Implementation in Bridge Construction: A Case Study C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 128 EP - 139 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0211 AU - Forcael, Eric AU - Castro, Alonso AU - Bedwell, Francisco AU - Casanova, Euro AU - Orozco, Francisco AU - Moreno, Francisco AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile, eforcael@ubiobio.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-4329 AD - Research Assistant, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile, alonso.castro1501@alumnos.ubiobio.cl AD - BIM Manager, BIMORE, Santiago, Chile, fbedwell@bimore.cl AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile, ecasanova@ubiobio.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-0550 AD - Professor, College of Engineering, Universidad Panamericana, Guadalajara, Mexico, forozco@up.edu.mx, orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-1026 AD - Professor, College of Engineering, Universidad Panamericana, Guadalajara, Mexico, fmorenoa@up.edu.mx, orcid.org/0000-0003-4058-9350 AB - The purpose of this research was to find the barriers that hinder the implementation of BIM in bridge projects (BrIM). This was done by a bibliographic analysis and the application of an evaluation tool to a case study, corresponding to a Chilean road project with an important number of bridges. Based on the literature, twenty-three barriers were found, which were then validated through the application of the survey to the case study, resulting the main barriers: “Interoperability problems between different BIM software”, and “Differences between BIM for buildings and BIM for bridges”. Then, a risk analysis was run, concluding that the barriers in bridge projects cause high levels of impact when implementing BIM. Thus, this research may help project and engineering managers to have a first approximation to the most recurring barriers in BrIM and how to rank them according to their impact. Finally, for future research, the findings of this study can be extended to other complex projects —such as bridges— but with different levels of uncertainty, that allow finding new barriers or confirm those found here. KW - BIM KW - management KW - bridges KW - barriers KW - Chile. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2144/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2144 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Towards a Flow-Based Disruption Metric: A Case Study C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 344 EP - 352 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0212 AU - Haronian, Eran AU - Korb, Shmuel AD - Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel, eranha@ariel.ac.il AD - PhD, Graduate of the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, m1uwv6junqzd@opayq.com AB - Construction projects are inherently ad-hoc, meaning if disruptions arise, it can be hard to quantify the impact of the “damage” that has been done to the cost or timeline as a result of the disruption, as there isn’t necessarily a nominal steady-state condition to compare it to. In this paper, we present a case study of an infrastructure construction project that was beset by over a hundred documented disruptions due to a politically charged project that had ongoing, active attempts to interfere. Traditional approaches to quantifying the impact of disruptions presume there is a baseline against which the disruptions can be compared, which is not the case in a unstable project. Also, they are inherently “transformation” in their approach, whereas a Lean Construction approach would recognize the importance of taking a more holistic view incorporating elements of Flow and Value. A WIP-based metric of the project outcome, called “WIP-Time” is proposed and assessed in the context of the case study KW - Disruption analysis KW - Transformation-Flow-Value theory KW - contract disputes KW - production control PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2145/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2145 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Role of Lean in Digital Project Delivery C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 140 EP - 151 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0214 AU - McHugh, Kevin AU - Dave, Bhargav AU - Bolpagni, Marzia AD - Associate Director, Construction Mace group. Kevin.Mchugh@macegroup.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-6017- 4585 AD - Associate Director, Construction Mace group. Kevin.Mchugh@macegroup.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-6017- 4585 AD - Visiting Professor at Northumbria University marzia.bolpagni@northumbria.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0003-3548- 1484 AB - THE ROLE OF LEAN IN DIGITAL PROJECT DELIVERY KW - Lean Construction KW - Digitization KW - Project Management KW - Last Planner System® PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2146/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2146 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Digital Shopfloor Management in Construction – a Case Study C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1546 EP - 1556 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0215 AU - Heller, Darius P. AD - PhD Student and Research Associate, Institute for Construction Management, University of Stuttgart, Germany, darius.heller@ibl.uni-stuttgart.de, orcid.org/0000-0002-1887-3833 AB - Lean Management is considered a very promising approach to improving productivity in the construction industry. Shopfloor Management (SFM) is receiving increasing attention in theory and practice, as it has an impact on daily routines of all organizational levels. This paper presents over two years of experience in adopting and implementing SFM at a general contractor, which focuses on industrial and custom new buildings. The underlying company is following a clear and organizationally manifested approach toward Lean Management since the mid-2000s. Hence, the SFM methodology needed to be embedded in the already existing methods conceptually, before it could be rolled out. After two years of implementation, rollout to over 80 projects with an equivalent of approx. 1 billion € volume was achieved. Also, a consistent cascade from the construction site to top management was established, i.e. all levels of the organization have transitioned to the new way of working (and leading) inherent to SFM. In parallel, under the application of a strictly agile approach, the SFM cascade was digitized with a special focus on data reuse and integration of systems to ensure consistency, accuracy, and up-to-date information. The overall impact of SFM in the company underlying this case study to date is positive, and an initial approach is proposed to measure the impact in this paper. KW - Lean construction KW - collaboration KW - benefits realization KW - shopfloor management KW - digitization. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2147/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2147 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Analysis of Lean Construction Cases in Ireland C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 966 EP - 977 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0216 AU - McSharry, Trevor AU - McHugh, Kevin AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Head of Department of Civil Engineering and Construction, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland. trevor.mcsharry@atu.ie, orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-5380 AD - Associate Director, Mace Technology, Ireland. kevin.Mchugh@macegroup.com, orcid.org/0000-0002- 6017- 4585 AD - Associate Director, Mace Technology, Ireland. kevin.Mchugh@macegroup.com, orcid.org/0000-0002- 6017- 4585 AB - The purpose of this paper is to identify what lean tools and techniques construction companies are using in Ireland and what common challenges and benefits exist for their implementation. Currently, research on lean construction (LC) implementation in Ireland is weak and fragmented, and this paper will help address this gap in literature and provide an overview of this activity. Through analysis of the 17 cases gathered through the Lean Construction Ireland (LCi) “Book of Cases 2022,” this paper identifies that most case studies originated from large, privately owned, general contracting companies and a wide array of lean tools are being used. All cases indicated benefits from LC, the most common being an improvement in quality, then cost, followed by time and safety. Covid-19 was found to be a catalyst for lean initiatives. Leadership support, staff training, piloting lean initiatives, developing a collaborative culture and continuous improvement were identified as important factors for implementing and sustaining LC. Although the sample size is limited, this paper does provide a useful indicator of overall LC activity in Ireland that will be of interest for academics and practitioners to consider and build upon. KW - Case study analysis KW - Lean tools KW - culture KW - leadership PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2148/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2148 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - An Evaluation of the Lookahead Planning Function in Last Planner® System C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1337 EP - 1349 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0217 AU - Power, William AU - Sinnott, Derek AU - Lynch, Patrick AU - Solorz, Chris AD - Productivity & Performance Manager, DPS Engineering & Construction, 4 Eastgate Avenue, Eastgate Business Park, Little Island, Cork, Ireland T45 YR13 willie.power@dpsgroupglobal.com ORCID – 0000-0001-5791- 846X AD - Senior Lecturer, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford. Derek.Sinnott@setu.ie ORCID – 0000-0003-3969-8699 AD - Lecturer, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford. Patrick.Lynch@setu.ie ORCID – 0000- 0002-5406-3846 AD - Last Planner Facilitator, DPS Engineering & Construction, 4 Eastgate Avenue, Eastgate Business Park, Little Island, Cork, Ireland T45 YR13. Chris.Solorz@dpsgroupglobal.com ORCID – 0000-0001-7718-2103 AB - Last Planner® System (LPS) has been lauded as a critical improvement methodology for project execution. Best results accrue when all functions are utilised. However, in practice, due to lack of knowledge and appreciation of the LPS cycle and complementary interactions required, teams are not achieving optimal outcomes. Effective Lookahead planning that reduces variation and ‘making-do’ are primary concepts for facilitating better construction task execution. This study goes ‘back to basics’ and explores how improved Lookahead planning can enhance project delivery. It utilised a mixed-methods approach with case study design, encompassing interviews, project documentation, and existing research data. The case project utilised Visual Management, Takt concepts, Scrum, and Flow Walks to engage site supervisors proactively and collaboratively in diligent Lookahead planning. Findings demonstrate involvement of the trades persons in task breakdown and design of the operation ensured better activity and trade flow resulting in improved task execution. Proactive and diligent constraint screening and flow walks resulted in increased constraint identification and better on-time resolution, while also developing a workable backlog. Conducting a First-Run Study resulted in immediate productivity improvement. The basics of production planning and control are an essential component of Lean Project Delivery. The research highlights the value in practitioners exploring original literature in more depth to gain better knowledge and skills of the Lookahead planning function. KW - Lean construction KW - Last Planner® System KW - Lookahead KW - takt KW - visual management. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2149/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2149 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - An Examination of IGLC Takt Literature - Learnings & Opportunities C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1557 EP - 1569 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0218 AU - Power, William AU - Sinnott, Derek AU - Lynch, Patrick AD - Productivity & Performance Manager, DPS Engineering & Construction, 4 Eastgate Avenue, Eastgate Business Park, Little Island, Cork, Ireland, T45 YR13 willie.power@dpsgroupglobal.com ORCID- 0000-0001-5791- 846X AD - Senior Lecturer, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford. Derek.sinnott@setu.ie ORCID0000-0003-3969-8699 AD - Lecturer, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford. Patrick.lynch@setu.ie ORCID-0000- 0002-5406-3846 AB - Takt is gaining attention in the Lean Construction (LC) community and is recognised as an enabler for continuous improvement and a more complete implementation of LC. Adopting Takt from its manufacturing roots to construction has not been straight forward. International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC) research has adapted Takt principles and practices creating several models for its application in construction. This study is an integrative literature review of papers in the IGLC index with ‘Takt’ in the title. Forty-eight papers were critically analysed, and key findings were themed by content analysis. Findings show increasing interest in Takt studies since 2012 with Finland, Germany, US, and Norway respectively producing most papers. Takt has evolved from early application of Toyota Production System concepts and, with the addition of production and LC theory, has developed towards a more complete production planning and control framework with the potential to stabilise construction inputs, outputs, customer value, and quality. Takt research is beginning to impact project delivery with positive results witnessed as well as numerous challenges and improvement opportunities being identified. It is now recognised as a viable and proven production system that can initiate systemic improvement in construction delivery. The research suggests every project should consider Takt from the outset in its high-level strategic planning and continue to assess where several sub Takt-plans can contribute to the execution of the project, assisted by LPS and the broader suite of LC techniques KW - Lean construction KW - Takt planning KW - Last Planner® System KW - continuous improvement. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2150/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2150 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Study of the Benefits of Lean Construction During the Pandemic: the Case of Peru C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1350 EP - 1359 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0219 AU - Erazo-Rondinel, Andrews A. AU - Ccoyllar, Isaac M. AU - Huaccha, Anabela AD - Teaching Assistant, Professional School of Civil Engineering, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru, aerazo@continental.edu.pe, orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-573X AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, isaac.ccoyllar.e@uni.pe, orcid.org/0000-0003-3736-0993 AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, anabela.huaccha.u@uni.pe, orcid.org/0000-0001-9283-0762 AB - Lean Construction (LC) has been implemented worldwide in different construction projects, and the Covid-19 pandemic has been no exception. However, more research needs to be compiled on the benefits of LC during this period, considering the high variability and uncertainty generated. Therefore, this article evaluates the benefits of implementing LC during the pandemic stage. In the first stage, a literature review was conducted using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), where the main benefits of implementing Lean Construction during the pandemic are identified. In the second stage, the benefits were validated through interviews with professionals in different Peruvian construction projects. The main benefits were: improved planning, easier identification of constraints, and improved project communication. The following study will help construction industry professionals consider LC implementation's benefits in future scenarios with high variability. KW - Lean Construction KW - Covid KW - pandemic KW - benefits KW - Peru PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2151/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2151 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Analysing Film Plastic Waste in Residential Construction Project C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 509 EP - 520 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0220 AU - Chauhan, Krishna AU - Peltokorpi, Antti AU - Seppänen, Olli AD - Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, Krishna.chauhan@aalto.fi AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, Antti.peltokorpi@aalto.fi AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, Olli.Seppänen@aalto.fi AB - Sustainability and lean construction are closely interrelated topics to consider. However, sustainability issues in construction projects are rarely discussed in International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC) community. The major aim of this research is to analyze the film plastic waste in residential construction project. For the analysis, three cases were selected, where the amount and quality of film plastic waste were investigated from the beginning of project to the end. According to the results, 1009–1710 kg of film plastic waste was separately collected (about 0.5–1.0% of total waste). In addition, the generated pattern of film plastics was approx. 0.34 kg/m2 and each apartment generated approx. 26.20 kg. The most film plastic is generated in the interior phase of the work stage, which includes tasks such as partition work, furniture installation and home appliance installation. Furthermore, based on the results of this research, we have developed a preliminary web modelling tool: kalvomuovi.fi, which could be adopted for estimating the amount of film plastic waste in a residential construction project. Future research could further develop the web model tool for other type of construction projects, such as, schools, hospitals, and shopping centers. Also, future research is necessary to develop better recycling technology of film plastic waste. KW - Green construction KW - film plastic waste KW - modeling platform- kalvomuovi.fi KW - lean construction PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2152/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2152 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Development of an Immersive Virtual Reality Prototype to Explore the Social Mechanisms of the Last Planner® System C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 152 EP - 162 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0221 AU - Liu, Canlong AU - González, Vicente A. AU - Lee, Gaang AU - Davies, Roy AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, cliu324@aucklanduni.ac.nz, orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-9920 AD - Professor and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Digital Lean Construction, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, vagonzal@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-3408-3863 AD - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, gaang@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-2585 AD - Senior Technician, Faculty of Engineering Administration, The University of Auckland, New Zealand, roy.davies@auckland.ac.nz, orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-1931 AB - A successful implementation of the Last Planner® System (LPS) requires not only education on its principles, but also managing social mechanisms it brings up to reach outstanding outcomes. Simulation games have been widely applied to teach LPS principles, but they do not seem to appropriately capture the social mechanisms due to lack of socio-technical realism and inadequate gaming controls (i.e., control external factors other than one of interest). Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) technology has the potential to reveal the LPS's social mechanisms by providing a highly-controlled and realistic simulation environment. However, how to effectively leverage IVR for LPS simulation is not well understood. In order to bridge this gap, we identified the essential elements that an IVR simulation should have to study the LPS social mechanisms. We then developed and tested a multi-user IVR prototype with the identified elements to simulate the LPS use in a "hypothetical" construction scenario. The results show that the prototype is feasible for studying LPS's social mechanisms. This study lays a foundation for future research in using IVR simulation games to study LPS social mechanisms KW - Simulations KW - immersive virtual reality KW - Last Planner® System KW - social mechanism KW - collaboration PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2153/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2153 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction Waste Reduction Through the Autonomous Vehicle Technology C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 163 EP - 173 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0222 AU - Owais, Omar A. AU - Poshdar, Mani AU - GhaffarianHoseini, Ali AU - Ghaffarianhoseini, Amirhosein AD - Department of Built Environment Engineering, School of Future Environments, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, omar.owais@aut.ac.nz, orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-3008 AD - Department of Built Environment Engineering, School of Future Environments, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, mani.poshdar@aut.ac.nz, orcid.org/0000-0001-9132-2985 AD - Department of Built Environment Engineering, School of Future Environments, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, alighh@aut.ac.nz, orcid.org/0000-0002-0787-8399 AD - • Department of Built Environment Engineering, School of Future Environments, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, amirhosein.ghaffarianhoseini@aut.ac.nz, orcid.org/0000-0002-0787-8399 AB - In the automotive industry, autonomous vehicles (AVs) are an advanced innovation that has the potential to revolutionise the existing transportation system significantly. In addition, AVs provide benefits for society, the economy, and the environment. As far as Lean Construction (LC) is concerned, these features appear promising. LC's primary objective is to minimise the waste of resources, time, and effort. This study examines the potential contribution of AVs to LC through two exhaustive rounds of literature review. The research aims to establish the links between AVs and the overarching LC philosophy and principles. The first round of the literature review identified that AVs could reduce waste in three areas: inventory, transportation, and waiting time. Moreover, they can support solutions to environmental concerns. Additional literature reviews have identified five potential approaches for a new technology that can be applied to the construction industry to enhance the implementation of AVs. As well as the anticipated developments in each case are discussed accordingly. The practical implications of the findings are that AVs can reduce waste and cost, increase efficiency and productivity, and help create a more sustainable construction industry. According to the study, the construction industry should take a proactive approach to implementing AVs. KW - Lean construction KW - AVs KW - transportation KW - waste PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2154/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2154 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploring a Platform Approach to Improve the Uptake of Offsite Construction in Housebuilding: Evidence From the United Kingdom C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 790 EP - 801 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0223 AU - Kennedy, Zoe A. AU - Daniel, Emmanuel I. AU - Egan, Matthew AU - Sully, Trudi AU - Tennant, Gaynor AD - Head of Communications, Modularize Ltd., Birkenhead, Merseyside, UK, zoe.kennedy@modularize.co.uk, orcid.org/0000-0003-1118-3669 AD - Senior Lecturer, University of Wolverhampton, School of Architecture & Built Environment, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK, e.daniel2@wlv.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-1845 AD - CEO, Modularize Ltd., Birkenhead, Merseyside, UK, matthew.egan@modularize.co.uk, orcid.org/ 0000-0002- 5464-1538 AD - Impact Lead, Mott Macdonald Ltd., Croydon, Surrey, UK, Trudi.Sully@mottmac.com, orcid.org/0000-0003- 3501-8852 AD - Founder & Chair, Offsite Alliance C.I.C.., Birkenhead, Merseyside, UK, gaynor.tennant@offsitealliance.org, orcid.org/ 0000-0001-5428-6399 AB - The purpose of this this research is to create guidance and direction for industry especially developers and / or housebuilders who can directly influence the decision-making process to create buildings and land developments that are considered more valuable. The UK has a massive housing shortage and with the added pressure of climate change and a very fragmented construction industry the need to look at smarter building methods is critical. The benefits of offsite construction are well documented but still thought of as expensive and high risk, therefore other solutions such as platforms could lower the barrier of entry and increase uptake. This study aims to investigate the current understanding of platform construction and the challenges that are contributing to its slow uptake. Qualitative research method was used and only construction professionals who have experience in offsite construction were interviewed to ensure the richest information. The study found that cost and supply are the core issues limiting uptake of product platforms. Through the continuation of government and industry collaboration, both supply and demand can be aggregated to solve these issues. However, the bar for improving knowledge and understanding across industry needs to be raised and points of recommendation are provided. KW - Offsite construction KW - product platforms KW - manufactured construction KW - standardisation KW - collaboration PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2155/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2155 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Application of Fuzzy Logic for Selection of Off-Site Construction Approach C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 802 EP - 811 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0224 AU - Mehdipoor, Amirhossein AU - Iordanova, Ivanka AU - Al-Hussein, Mohamed AD - Ph.D. Student, Department of Construction Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Montreal, Canada, amirhossein.mehdipoor.1@ens.etsmtl.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9889-2478 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Montreal, Canada, ivanka.iordanova@etsmtl.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-2604 AD - Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, malhussein@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-9718 AB - Compared to other industries, the construction sector has poor productivity performance. Many megaprojects in this industry incur cost overruns, and this is largely due to inefficiencies. Although there are several reasons for these inefficiencies, the most significant factor is the lack of efficiency. One effective solution to improve productivity in construction projects is to adopt Off-site construction (OSC) methodology, which enhances efficiency. The construction method selection is an important exercise toward the productivity and success of a building project. This exercise is particularly critical during the early stages of a building project, as it is important for decision makers to consider all criteria and make a prompt decision. The use of off-site construction (OSC) is gaining popularity in building projects. Therefore, assessing the most relevant and key success factors in this context is necessary. Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques have been widely used in the construction management domain. These are being applied as a medium for decision-making purposes in the construction sector. One of the most frequent methods is Fuzzy Logic to select an option among different alternatives based on a ranking system. In this paper, Fuzzy logic was applied to evaluate and rank the performance of two alternatives i.e. conventional method of on-site construction cast in situ works and Off-site construction steel structure fully modular approach. This project forms part of a Ph.D. research program which aims to develop a Two-Stage BIMLean Decision Support System (DSS) for the selection of a suitable Industrial Building System (IBS). The proposed DSS development consists of two main steps: 1) Identification and evaluation of Key Decision Support Factors (KDSF) for the selection of the OSC approach and 2) Choosing an appropriate IBS for a building project. This paper focuses on the second step where fuzzy logic is applied to rank and select the appropriate alternative. A decision maker was provided with a list of Key Decision Support Factors (KDSF), which had been validated by industry experts, to input data and measure the importance and performance of each alternative. Crisp scores calculated using a fuzzy model indicated the rank of each alternative. The highest score of alternatives indicates the best approach. The result shows that alternative B – Off-site construction Steel Structure Modular approach, is the better option KW - Off-site construction KW - Fuzzy Logic KW - Decision Making. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2156/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2156 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Implementing Lean Methods for Facility Maintenance Management C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1570 EP - 1581 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0225 AU - Janjalkar, Kiran Rambhau AU - Singh, Abhishek Raj AU - Delhi, Venkata Santosh Kumar AD - Postgraduate Scholar, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India, 213045001@iitb.ac.in, orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-3626 AD - Postdoctoral Fellow, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, arsingh@iitb.ac.in, orcid.org/0000-0002- 5899-1244 AD - Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India, venkatad@iitb.ac.in, orcid.org/0000-0002-9588-4130 AB - The breakdown of facilities in a built environment results in inconvenience to the stakeholders due to the downtime (DT) experience. The facility DT can be brought down through proper facility maintenance management (FMM). Within FMM, different processes occur to make the facility work normally. These activities of FMM are sometimes planned and often executed when a facility undergoes breakdown. This study targets to understand the implementation ability of lean methods in situations when a service of a built environment has failed and the FMM system tries to bring it back to normal functioning. An educational institute’s FMM process to address DT is mapped using value stream mapping (VSM), and delays associated with the current process are captured. This mapping helped in identifying delay causes like material unavailability and administrative delay. The research utilizes the 5S (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke) and Just In Time (JIT) methods of lean to improve the FMM process, and implementation of these methods resulted in achieving resolution time closer to the time expected by the stakeholders utilizing the facility. KW - Facility maintenance management KW - lean philosophy KW - 5S KW - JIT KW - VSM PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2157/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2157 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - When We Develop Collaboration, What Exactly Do We Develop? C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 978 EP - 989 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0226 AU - Skinnarland, Sol AU - Bølviken, Trond AD - Associate Professor, Faculty of Health, Welfare and Organisation, Department of Welfare, Management and Organisation, Østfold University College, N-1757 Halden, Norway. sol.skinnarland@hiof.no, orcid.org/0009- 0001-9782-2224 AD - Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, N-4846 Grimstad, Norway, trond.bolviken@outlook.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-240 AB - In this paper we will expand further on the literature focusing on collaborations within the construction industry. In the articles that are concerned with collaborative efforts, the authors present definitions. Often a common denominator is that collaboration is carried out by two or more parties to reach a goal. Little operationalization is offered in terms of understanding collaboration contextually. What are we actually talking about when we are concerned with collaboration, and in particular how to develop collaboration between actors in the construction industry? This paper aims to discuss the term collaboration from the collective viewpoints of actors at a construction site, who consist of skilled workers and apprentices, supervisors, foremen and site management. The basis for this discussion is a previous review of collaboration in the literature, as well as previous research undertaken by the (first) author, which operationalizes collaboration in terms of six underlying dimensions. The argument posed in this paper is that if correct measures were to be identified and taken to improve and develop constructive collaborative relationships between interorganizational actors on the construction site, we would need to address the term collaboration in greater depth. Rather than operating with an overarching and insufficient definition of “collaboration”, we need to operationalize and sufficiently understand how actors themselves understand collaboration within a specific context. KW - Collaboration KW - interorganizational relationship KW - trust KW - communication KW - perspective-taking KW - motivation KW - the Last Planner System PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2158/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2158 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Creating Co-Location Concepts Under Consideration of Hybrid Approaches in Construction Projects C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 584 EP - 595 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0227 AU - Szyperski, Leonie AU - Budau, Maximilian R.-D. AU - Hickethier, Gernot AU - Haghsheno, Shervin AD - Project Manager, Yukon Projects, Karlsruhe, Germany, leonie.szyperski@yukon.pm, orcid.org/0000-0003- 4751-4490 AD - Research Assistant, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, maximilian.budau@kit.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-2572-1176 AD - Project Manager, Yukon Projects, Karlsruhe, Germany, gernot.hickethier@yukon.pm, orcid.org/0000-0002- 0380-3787 AD - Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Director, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, shervin.haghsheno@kit.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-6370 AB - During the COVID-19 pandemic, across industries many project teams started working from home instead of their (co-located project) office, thus relying on virtual teamwork. This shift prompted the use of hybrid or virtual co-locations, whose purpose is to improve communication and collaboration in the project team. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of these hybrid and virtual co-locations. A co-location can be implemented in both traditional and partnering delivery models, however, this research focuses on co-locations within partnering projects. To address this gap, interviews were conducted with co-location participants in Germany, Switzerland, and the US to gather a wide range of experiences, as well as supplement and validate the literature review. From this information, a co-location requirements catalog was created, and five concepts of co-location setups were identified and developed with varying degrees of hybridity. The research showed that trust and communication are crucial for collaboration, which is one goal of installing a co-location. Therefore, the implementation of a hybrid or virtual co-location must take this goal into account. In-person events play a key role in building and maintaining trust. As technology continues to advance, research on hybrid and virtual teamwork is becoming increasingly relevant. KW - Co-location KW - big room/obeya KW - collaboration KW - hybrid co-location KW - integrated project delivery (IPD) PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2159/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2159 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Green Is Good: First Run Study of a Sustainable Building Structure C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 521 EP - 530 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0228 AU - Aslesen, Sigmund AU - Hindenes, Arve AU - Reff, Sigmund AU - Stordal, Espen AD - Development Manager, Veidekke Bygg Norge, Oslo, Norway, sigmund.aslesen@veidekke.no AD - Design Manager, Veidekke Bygg Norge, Norway, arve.hindenes@veidekke.no AD - Senior Project Manager, Veidekke Bygg Norge, Oslo, Norway, espen.stordal@veidekke.no AD - Associate Professor, Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway, sebastiano.lombardo@bi.no AB - The study made an account for in this paper is based on the hypothesis that introducing a climate-friendly building material to construction production may fundamentally impact project performance. In the paper, evidence is given for a prolonged, costlier process of erecting the building structure if an extremely low-carbon concrete combined with a 100 percent recycled aggregate is applied. Findings suggest various measures to be taken, to accelerate the hardening of the concrete. Otherwise, a positive environmental effect may easily diminish the overall project performance. The paper is based on a First Run Study (FRS) including a full-scale mock-up of a part of the building structure, including ground floor, wall, columns, and slab. As part of the study, data was collected about the temperature, firmness, and relative moisture of the concrete, and the effects of different actions applied to accelerate the hardening process. The impact of this study is an estimated risk reduction of 1,5 percent in the context of the project it was intended to support. The paper concludes that this type of experimentation should happen prior to actual performance to prevent construction projects from falling short of time and finances caused by unexpected results. KW - Lean and Green KW - First Run Study. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2160/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2160 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrating Standardized Work and Production Status Control to Support Location-Based Planning and Control C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1360 EP - 1371 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0229 AU - Vargas, Fabrício Berger AU - Bonesi, Fabiana AU - Formoso, Carlos Torres AU - Bulhões, Iamara Rossi AD - Ph.D. Student, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, engfabriciovargas@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-0020 AD - MSc, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, fabianabonesi@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-7798 AD - Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, formoso@ufrgs.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-3746 AD - Assistant Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, iamara.bulhoes@ufrgs.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-0455 AB - Standardized Work (SW) is an approach to standardize and improve the efficiency of operations cycles. SW can support the implementation of Location-Based Planning and Control (LBPC) by balancing workload between workers, synchronizing different processes and allowing early identification of deviations. Digital technologies can support the implementation of SW by providing real-time feedback to support project monitoring, communication, and information management. The aim of this research work is to propose a model that integrates SW and production status control by using existing digital technologies to support LBPC. Design Science Research (DSR) is the methodological approach adopted in this investigation. The study initially focused on the collaborative identification of critical interrelated activities to implement SW. Then the integrated control model of SW and production status was proposed with the support of visual management devices and digital technologies. As a result, it was possible to effectively synchronize and balance the resources of a set of interrelated activities, increasing the stability of those activities. Therefore, the model can be used as a mechanism to manage variability in LBPC and increase the degree of process standardization while having short cycles of feedback to promote continuous improvement. KW - Location-Based Management (LBM) KW - Takt planning (TP) KW - standardization KW - production status control KW - digital technologies. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2161/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2161 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Efficient Pavement Distress Detection and Visual Management in Lean Construction Based on BIM and Deep Learnin C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 174 EP - 185 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0230 AU - Deng, Ting AU - Tan, Yi AD - Assistant Professor, Key Laboratory for Resilient Infrastructures of Coastal Cities (Shenzhen University), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, tanyi@szu.edu.cn, orcid.org/0000-0001-8902- 4778 AD - Graduate Student, Sino-Australia Joint Research Center in BIM and Smart Construction, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, dengting20221@163.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-3064-8353 AB - With a wide range of road construction worldwide, the focus of road engineering has shifted to road maintenance and management. This paper presents a research aimed at developing a lean management framework that integrates BIM and deep learning technology to guide lean production applications in road maintenance management. Firstly, the pavement distress dataset is established based on the obtained road point cloud data. Secondly, a deep learning-based 3D object detection network is applied for automatically detect the pavement distress and improve the accuracy and reliability of the detection. After obtaining the detection information of the distress, Dynamo is utilized to realize the efficient visualization management of pavement distresses. Finally, an untrained road section is applied for the experiment. The predicted information of distress is integrated and visualized in BIM model can provide a better maintenance guidance and well promote the transformation of pavement intelligent maintenance management. KW - Lean construction KW - template KW - formatting KW - instructions KW - references. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2162/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2162 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Logistic Framework to Enable Takt Time Planning C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1372 EP - 1382 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0231 AU - Reck, Raquel H. AU - Fireman, Marcus C. T. AD - PhD Cand., Building Innov. Research Unit (NORIE), Fed. Univ. of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, +55 51 33083518, raquelreck@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-1928-3461 AD - PhD Cand., Building Innov. Research Unit (NORIE), Fed. Univ. of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), FoundingPartner at Climb Consulting Group, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, marcusctf@gmail.com, http://orcid.org/0000- 0001-5843-4715 AB - Takt Time Planning (TTP) methodology has gained growing popularity in lean construction, with the aim of improving workflow and increasing production stability. Despite the numerous research efforts surrounding TTP, there is a gap in understanding how logistics planning should support TTP in a construction project. This study presents a framework for developing logistics in a construction project that uses TTP as its planning method. The framework consists of four drivers: (a) equipment sizing, (b) layout risk study and analysis, (c) material management, and (d) structuring of daily routes and routines. The results show that the integration of TTP into the logistics framework allowed for the design of the production system to ensure Takt, and to structure a rapid response to the variations found during the LPS control cycles. Hence, the project deadline was reduce by 16.4%, or 4 months. KW - Takt Planning KW - WorkFlow KW - Last Planner System KW - Logistic PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2163/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2163 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Construction Productivity Graph: A Structured Framework to Enhance Productivity and Safety on Construction Sites C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 186 EP - 196 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0232 AU - Rossini, Francesco Livio AU - Novembri, Gabriele AD - Post-Doc researcher, Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental engineering DICEA, Sapienza – University of Rome, francesco.rossini@uniroma1.it, orcid.org/0000-0001-7577-0219 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental engineering DICEA, Sapienza – University of Rome, Gabriele.novembri@uniroma1.it, orcid.org/0000-0002-9283-3872 AB - The construction industry is characterised by the constant production of unique products in dynamic contexts where, moreover, the workplace coincides with the product itself. This limits the adoption of standardization and process automation methodologies. Furthermore, the average size of professional firms and companies often does not allow for investments in process innovation or skills development. Then, we need to consider that construction is a highly risky activity, also to the lack of standardization as aforementioned. The paper aims to present the framework of a methodology based on linking the information managed by a BIM model with Agent-based simulation techniques - ABS. The scope is to simulate the duration of the work under efficient conditions, understood as the best occupation of the available areas by a suitable number of workers. The result is the Construction Productivity Graph - CPG, a graph that indicates the optimization level of the construction process. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2164/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2164 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A VDC Framework Proposal for Time Optimization in Diamond Drilling Operations for Mining C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1582 EP - 1592 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0233 AU - Araujo, Luis Alonso Salazar AU - Bernales, Michele Trefogli Voto AU - Savio, Alexandre Almeida Del AD - Student, Civil Engineering Department, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru, 20171401@aloe.ulima.edu.pe, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-3854 AD - Student, Civil Engineering Department, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru, 20171566@aloe.ulima.edu.pe, https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4186-3869 AD - Full Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru, delsavio@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6067-6606 AB - A Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) framework proposal is presented for time optimization in diamond drilling operations for a mining exploration project. The mining project is located in the Huancavelica region of Peru and is currently in the underground exploration phase through diamond drilling drillholes. The geology team uses diamond drilling samples to estimate the total mineral reserves of the mine, and they have projected 13,278 meters to be drilled. The VDC framework proposal’s application allowed a better understanding of diamond drilling processes to support the variability source reduction related to equipment, maintenance and operational tasks. The results showed a time optimization in the diamond drilling operation of 10%. KW - VDC KW - diamond drilling KW - mining explorations KW - project management KW - process optimization. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2165/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2165 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - How to Navigate the Dilemma of Value Delivery: A Value Identification Game C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 663 EP - 673 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0235 AU - Khalife, Salam AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Construction Management, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, khalife@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-1907-4547 AD - Associate Professor, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 AB - Delivering value on projects is one of the fundamental concepts in lean construction through the Transformation-Flow-Value (TFV) theory. The concepts of transformation and flow are thoroughly explained through the lean construction literature, and various educational games are offered to support the understanding of the flow concept including work-flow variability, takt time, waste elimination, pull systems, and efficient planning. The concept of value, however, tends to be more complicated where researchers are continuously trying to better understand value delivery on construction projects. The International Group for Lean Construction conference offered research on Target Value Design as well as games to reap knowledge about project value. This paper provides additional support to understand the value concept and its characteristics through a proposed educational simulation game. The game demonstrates how designers identify requirements on projects, how various parties value different things, and how to potentially deal with conflicting requirements. The game helps students and lean practitioners in understanding the process of eliciting perceived value on a project and achieving shared understanding through proper communication between different parties. This would help in managing projects in a way that delivers higher value for the different stakeholders, thus achieving successful projects with higher satisfaction rates. KW - Value and design management KW - serious games simulations KW - collaboration KW - benefits realization. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2166/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2166 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Using Low-Code and Artificial Intelligence to Support Continuous Improvement in the Construction Industry C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 197 EP - 207 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0236 AU - Martinez, Eder AU - Cisterna, Diego AD - Professor, School of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geomatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland, eder.martinez@fhnw.ch, orcid.org/0000-0001-7918-9421 AD - Research Fellow. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, diego.cisterna@kit.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-4282-1141 AB - Low-code is a new technology paradigm used to support digitalization in different industries. Nevertheless, there are no studies analyzing the implications of this technology in the construction industry context. Through action research, this paper explores the potential of lowcode to support continuous improvement of construction processes. The authors present the development and implementation of a low-code/artificial intelligence (AI)-based solution to automate data processing from paper delivery notes on-site. The as-is process was measured and compared against the low-code/AI powered process to verify efficiency gains. The development process of the digital solution was also analyzed to derive the findings of the study. The implementation of the digital solution resulted in 78% process time savings. The study also reveals the importance of involving people closer to operations in the development process, which resulted in efficient elicitation of requirements and the delivery of a solution meeting the needs of the end users. This paper highlights the potential of low-code productive development practices to support the digitalization in the construction industry. It also enlightens areas for further research and encourages the development of additional case studies to provide evidence of the benefits and limitations of using low-code to support continuous improvement in the construction industry. KW - Low-code KW - no-code KW - artificial intelligence KW - lean construction KW - continuous improvement PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2167/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2167 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Procurement of Collaborative Project Teams – a Literature Study C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 353 EP - 364 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0237 AU - Bølviken, Trond AU - Nwajei, Una Obiose Kriston AU - Hellström, Magnus Mikael AD - Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, N4846 Grimstad, Norway, trond.bolviken@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-2408 AD - P.h.D Student, Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Jon Lillutens Vei 9, 4879, Grimstad, Norway, una.nwajei@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-6979-4430 AD - Professor, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500 Åbo, Finland, Magnus.Hellstrom@abo.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-0503 AB - In construction the procurement phase is the connection between the definition phase and execution. Thereby it establishes crucial preconditions for success (or failure) in execution by establishing a shift from competition to collaboration as the fundamental logic in the relationship between customer and supplier. The paradox of the procurement of projects in general and collaborative projects in particular is its aim of establishing collaboration through means of competition. The paper presents a literature study of methods used in the client’s procurement of teams in collaborative project delivery models such as Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), Alliancing and others. Five procurement methods are identified: Direct Negotiations (DN), Team-Based Procurement (TBP), dual Target Outturn Cost (dTUC), Competitive Dialogue (CD) and Best Value Procurement (BVP). Three methods for comparing alternatives are also identified: Weight Rating Calculating (WRC), Best Value Selection (BVS) and Choosing by Advantage (CBA). The paper discusses public procurement, procuring the team in one or several steps, early or late setting of targets related to Target Value Design (TVD), the use of qualitative and quantitative evaluation, the need to adjust the procurement method, and the need for information and training. The possibility of procurement based on design solution is also presented. KW - Alliancing KW - Collaborative contracts KW - Integrated Project Delivery KW - Procurement KW - Relational. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2168/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2168 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploring How Lean Project Delivery Supports Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage for Industrial Retrofits C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 531 EP - 539 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0238 AU - Heier, Nicholas AU - Chakravarti, Anika AU - Røyne, Anja AU - Parrish, Kristen AD - Fellow, Australian American Defense Fellowship, nheier@asu.edu AD - Anika Chakravarti, Biomimicry Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, achakr51@asu.edu AD - Senior Lecturer, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, anja.royne@fys.uio.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-6868- 6251 AD - Associate Professor, Del E. Webb School of Construction, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, Kristen.Parrish@asu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002- 3307-4693 AB - The “lean construction ideal” is to maximize stakeholder value, minimize waste, and emphasize collaboration throughout the design, construction, and operating stages of a building project. In practice, lean construction relies on methods such as the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) system to align stakeholder interests and share risks throughout the project lifecycle. IPD effectively enfranchises various project stakeholders as parties to one agreement, integrating their involvement throughout the design and construction process. While lean construction methods are evidenced to enhance project efficiency in cost and schedule while improving quality, the collaboration fostered by IPD also creates a project environment conducive to innovation and the adoption of new technologies. To that end, lean construction environments, and IPD projects in particular, may offer an opportunity to increase the adoption rates of more environmentally-conscious design alternatives, particularly as the construction industry continues to trend in a more sustainable direction. This paper explores how the lean project delivery system supports incorporating innovative design options on retrofit construction projects (i.e., on existing facilities), and leverages incorporating carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) systems on cement plants as a proof of concept. KW - Sustainability KW - environment KW - collaboration. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2169/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2169 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Improving Premanufacturing Phases in Off-Site Construction Through a Digitalization Approach C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 812 EP - 823 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0240 AU - Barkokebas, Beda AU - Ost, Felipe AU - Mourgues, Claudio AU - Saruhashi, Lissa AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, bbarkokebas@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-0054-1320 AD - Senior Engineering Analyst, Engineering Department, Tecverde Engenharia, Araucária, Brazil, felipe.ost@gmail.com AD - Associate Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, cmourgue@ing.puc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-2255 AD - MSc Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil, lissa.saruhashi@gmail.com, orcid.org/ 0000-0002-4133-377 AB - The integration of digitalization and building information modelling (BIM) has been lauded as a cornerstone to improve processes and enhance communication across the construction industry. Nevertheless, the implementation of digitalization approaches has suffered due to the lack of methods and processes uncertainties, particularly in the case of off-site construction (OSC) companies where its premanufacturing phases (design, planning, and procurement) differ significantly from traditional construction. This research presents a case study of a digitalization-based workflow to reduce the duration and increase accuracy of premanufacturing phases. To that end, a digitalization plan is developed using value stream maps, supported by Monte Carlo simulation, to identify the waste of current practices and propose suitable improvement measures. Afterwards, a digitalization-based workflow is developed and implemented to exchange data between BIM models and other systems. After one year and a half of implementation, the proposed workflow reduced the duration of tasks in 92.31% while providing an average of 12.24% more accurate bill of materials compared to the previous approach. As such, the contribution of this study is twofold: first, a lean-based method to implement digitalization in OSC companies considering its particularities and inherited process uncertainties; and second, an improved process for OSC premanufacturing phases. KW - Off-site construction KW - digitization KW - BIM KW - simulation KW - value stream. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2170/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2170 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Circu-Lean Revolution: A Review of the Synergies Between Lean and the Circular Economy C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 540 EP - 559 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0242 AU - Johns, Nathan G. O. AU - Talebi, Saeed AU - Shelbourn, Mark AU - Roberts, Chris AU - Kagioglou, Mike AD - PhD Student, Department of the Built Envirnoment, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, 4 Cardigan Street, B4 7BD, UK, Nathan.Johns@BCU.ac.uk AD - Birmingham City University, 4 Cardigan Street, B4 7BD, UK, Nathan.Johns@BCU.ac.uk 2 Course Leader, Department of the Built Envirnoment, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, 4 Cardigan Street, B4 7BD, UK, Nathan.Johns@BCU.ac.uk AD - Head of Department, Department of the Built Envirnoment, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, 4 Cardigan Street, B4 7BD, UK, Nathan.Johns@BCU.ac.uk AD - Course Leader, Department of the Built Envirnoment, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, 4 Cardigan Street, B4 7BD, UK, Nathan.Johns@BCU.ac.uk AD - Dean, School of Engineering Design and the Built Environment, Western Sydney University, 255 Elizabeth Street, Sydney New South Wales, Australia, M.Kagioglou@westernsydney.edu.au AB - Due to the impacts of industrialisation on the planet’s environmental systems, industrial practice has had to evolve. Sustainable development goals have been set by the United Nations to limit industrial impacts on the environment. At the core of the development goals are the efficient use of materials and the reduction of waste. Two common production philosophies are becoming prevalent within the literature as a solution to consumption and waste within the construction industry, Lean and the Circular Economy (CE). Both provide aspects of green supply chain management that are required to meet the goals set by governments. There are clear synergies between the two philosophies though there are few investigations into their likeness within the literature. This paper aims to further investigate the synergies between Lean and the CE within the construction industry to develop the extant body of knowledge. The findings of the research identified that the majority of interactions between the concepts were positive although not entirely explored in construction. The core similarities surround waste reduction whereas the key differences are Lean’s human management and the CE’s closed-loop value retention. Therefore, it is suggested that a complimentary mixed Circu-Lean philosophy will be the future of production and construction. KW - Lean Philosophy KW - Circular Economy KW - Circu-Lean KW - Construction KW - Built Environment PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2171/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2171 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Unleashing the Power of Chatgpt for Lean Construction: An Early Outlook C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 208 EP - 219 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0243 AU - Hatoum, Makram Bou AU - Nassereddine, Hala AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, mbh.93@uky.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-3941. AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, hala.nassereddine@uky.edu, orcid.org/0000-0001-7952-5034. AB - Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the core technologies that was brought forward by the fourth industrial revolution. This technology is disrupting industries all around the globe, and the construction industry is no exception. Research targeting AI in construction has grown exponentially in the last decade as researchers investigate how to leverage AI across the project lifecycle. With the recent release of ChatGPT, AI research is expected to grow even more as the construction industry navigates this breakthrough and understands its impact. This paper focuses on AI in the context of Lean Construction and has two main objectives. First, the paper reviews the database for the International Group of Lean Construction (IGLC) to identify AI-related publications, summarize their findings, and detect the research trends. A total of nineteen papers were identified, presenting various theoretical and practical aspects of AI in Lean Construction. Second, the paper provides an early outlook into ChatGPT and experiments with its capabilities through three simple use cases that explore ChatGPT’s ability to educate and train on Lean aspects, perform conceptual analysis, and develop Lean applications. The early interaction with ChatGPT showed promising potential for the construction industry with encouraging results that can empower the Lean community. KW - Lean Construction KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - ChatGPT KW - Construction 4.0. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2172/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2172 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Workload Leveling Metrics for Location-Based Process Design C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1593 EP - 1604 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0244 AU - Singh, Vishesh V. AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Engineering and Project Management Program, Civil and Environmental Engrg. Dept., Graduate Student Researcher, Project Production Systems Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA, mvisheshvs@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-9727 AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Engineering and Project Management Program, Civil and Environmental Engrg. Dept., Graduate Student Researcher, Project Production Systems Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA, mvisheshvs@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-9727 AB - Process design can help to meet project deadlines and ensure a smooth workflow. While work structuring (WS) is commonly used to design processes as linear flows, doing so may not account for 2-dimensional spatial variation in work and such variation can disrupt the flow. To limit disruption, takt production and the Work Density Method (WDM) have been developed, but metrics are yet needed to gauge and visualize the quality of workloads to achieve the desired flow. This paper presents multiple perspectives to assess desired outcomes of workload leveling and formalizes them into optimization objectives. It proposes nine metrics, grouped into seven types, to measure the success of achieving these objectives. The value of these metrics is illustrated using XLWoLZo, an Excel-based tool with an off-the-shelf genetic algorithm (GA), to solve a toy problem. The paper compares XLWoLZo’s results obtained with the suggested metrics to the results of the metric used in existing models, examines how the resulting values of metrics compare to one another, and assesses their impact on desired outcomes. The paper concludes that no single “best” metric exists and suggests combining metrics to balance conflicting objectives. Finally, the paper discusses limitations and offers future research directions. KW - Process KW - Location-based planning KW - Takt planning (TP) KW - Flow KW - Variabilit PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2173/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2173 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Organizing the Argumentation for Changing the Delivery System Using Choosing by Advantages (CBA) C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 990 EP - 1001 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0245 AU - Schöttle, Annett AU - Guerreiro, Rafael AU - Haubrich, André AU - Ditandy, Michael AU - Behme, Fabian AD - Dr.-Ing., Partner, refine Project AG, annett.schoettle@refine.team , Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-7320 AD - Team Lead Project Control, Munich Main Station, DB Netz AG, Rafael.Guerreiro@deutschebahn.com, orcid.org/0009-0000-5339-6561 AD - Head of Engineering, Munich Main Station, DB Netz AG, Andre.Haubrich@deutschebahn.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1541-0447 AD - Head of Project Control, Munich Main Station, DB Netz AG, Michael.Ditandy@deutschebahn.com, orcid.org/0009-0001-9101-850X AD - Dr., Team Lead Contract & Claims Management, Munich Main Station, DB Netz AG, Fabian.Behme@deutschebahn.com, orcid.org/0009-0000-6130-9050 AB - Megaprojects contain strategic decisions that must be approved outside of the project. A clear and understandable argumentation is required to communicate and push through such decisions. As shown in the literature, Choosing by Advantages (CBA) helps teams create a shared understanding regarding a decision resulting in a strong argumentation of the decision outcome. Therefore, this research aims to better understand how CBA helps to make a strategic decision that impacts all project levels and creates the argumentation to get the approval of the management board of the company. This paper describes why and how the Deutsche Bahn team of the project Munich main station proceeded with the decision to change the project delivery system from design–bid–build (DBB) to integrated project delivery (IPD) while the project was already in different design stages using the CBA tabular method. As all authors (consultant and client) were involved in the research, participatory action research was used as the research approach. The paper demonstrates how CBA (1) helped to create a shared understanding of IPD, (2) helped to understand the scope of the multiparty agreement, (3) helped to organize the argumentation, and (4) helped to create trust regarding the argumentation. KW - Choosing by Advantages KW - collaboration KW - Integrated project delivery KW - megaproject KW - Munich main station. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2174/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2174 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Do Failures in a Takt Plan Fit the FMEA Framework? C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1383 EP - 1394 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0246 AU - Apgar, Becca AU - Smith, James P. AD - Undergraduate Student, Civil and Construction Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA, bapgar@byu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-8528-0544 AD - Assistant Professor, Civil and Construction Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA, james_smith@byu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-5680 AB - Few studies have explored takt planning failures and how they might be better prevented. Recently Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) has been proposed as a framework for actively preventing failure in takt planning projects. This project tests case study failures against the proposed FMEA framework as a first step to determine whether a FMEA-takt plan framework can help identify and respond to takt plan failures. In this case study, takt planning was implemented halfway through the construction of five large data centers in Utah, USA. The project was repetitive, enabling a takt of one day despite the large size of the project. Any variance from the schedule (a takt plan failure) was associated with a specific task and marked in their weekly work plans (WWPs). A reason for the variance was identified. These variances were compiled for all available WWPs and are compared to the failure categories proposed in the FMEA-takt plan framework. This study shows that the FMEA-takt plan framework is feasible with minor adjustments to account for failures in takt plans that are due to variables that are beyond the scope of a takt plan, such as unforeseen conditions or extreme weather. KW - FMEA KW - process KW - takt planning (TP) KW - variability KW - work flow. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2175/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2175 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Flexible Robotic Production in Off-Site Construction: A Lean Approac C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 596 EP - 607 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0247 AU - Castaneda, Jennifer Alejandra Cardenas AU - Barkokebas, Beda AU - Martinez, Pablo AU - Ahmad, Rafiq AD - Researcher Graduate Student, Smart & Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, jacarden@ualberta.ca AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Engineering and Construction Management, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, bbarkokebas@ing.puc.cl AD - Senior Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, pablo.rodriguez@northumbria.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-9617 AD - Associate Professor, Smart & Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, rafiq.ahmad@ualberta.ca AB - The integration of robotics into flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) has been identified as a potential strategy for increasing modular construction flexibility. The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual framework for investigating the relationship between FMS and robotics in modular construction. The framework proposes that by incorporating robotics into FMS, prefabricated building component manufacturing systems will gain flexibility. The two key variables of the framework are robotics (as the independent variable) and FMS (as the dependent variable). Moderator variables such as controlled environment and variability are also considered, as are mediator variables such as real-time adjustments, productivity, equipment utilization, set-up times, varying speeds, and reduced manpower. The purpose of this paper is to set the theoretical foundation for further studies on robotics integration into FMS in modular construction. The paper concludes with a discussion of the proposed implications of the framework for modular construction practitioners and researchers. KW - Construction 4.0 KW - modular construction KW - robotics KW - flexible manufacturing systems. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2176/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2176 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Results of the Causes and Impacts of Making-Do Wastes in Production in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1395 EP - 1406 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0250 AU - Amaral, Tatiana Gondim do AU - Maciel, Caio Cesar Medeiros AU - Filho, Renato Rafael Del Grosso AU - Pessoni, Rubia Cristina de Souza AU - Paula, Gabriella Soares de AU - Silva, Sara Vieira da AD - Full Professor, Environmental and Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, tatianagondim@ufg.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-4025 AD - 2 Master Student, Program in Production Engineering, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, caiocesar.eng@hotmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-6756-4068 AD - 3 Master Student, Program in Production Engineering, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, renato.del@discente.ufg.br, orcid.org/0000-0003-4033-7129 AD - 4 Master Student, Program in Production Engineering, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, rubia@discente.ufg.br, orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-6820 AD - Student, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, gabriella_s2_soares@discente.ufg.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-2838 AD - Student, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, saravieira@discente.ufg.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-6937 AB - This report aims to present the possible relationships between the prerequisites, categories, and impacts of making-do wastes from the non-conformity data provided by the Quizquality of six companies participating in INOVACON. From the analysis of the missing prerequisites related to the city of Fortaleza, it was possible to see that labor (52.75%), materials and components (26.69%), and interdependent tasks (5.90%) presented the most associated wastes. The main categories related to wastes are component adjustments (53.84%), sequencing (21.01%), and storage (9.76%). The highlighted prerequisite information for the Goiania cases was motivated by the absence of projects, blueprints, studies, or procedures that should provide necessary information to execute work packages which were unavailable, unclear, and/or incomplete. Based on these results, the determined actions are the need to improve information management to cooperate so that there are no errors arising from incomplete projects or difficulty in passing on necessary information to the employees responsible for performing the service/work. KW - Making-do KW - prerequisites KW - categories KW - impacts and work packages. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2177/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2177 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - What Does a Commitment to a Plan Mean? C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1407 EP - 1417 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0251 AU - Skaar, John AU - Bølviken, Trond AU - Kalsaas, Bo Terje AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - PhD Student/Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, N-4846 Grimstad, Norway, john.skaar@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-00032290-2374 AD - Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, N4846 Grimstad, Norway, trond.bolviken@outlook.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-2408 AD - Professor emeritus, Dr. Ing., Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, N-4846 Grimstad, Norway, bo.t.kalsaas@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-43831683 AD - Professor, School of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Huddersfield, UK, l.koskela@hud.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-2281 AB - A plan in the making should pull from what creates customer value and from the performers' knowledge and understanding of the context. A plan for commitment should represent the customer's intent in a way that calls for action on the intent's behalf. A promise to commit to a plan happens at many levels and in many forms toward execution, and every promise made becomes a push mechanism to keep that promise. Since a plan represents both push and pull around a commitment, knowledge about these mechanisms can help to understand a plan's function. The main contribution is a reflection on how a plan's push for commitment interacts with emergent situations and an analysis of what part of the commitment is within or outside the scope of the promise and the promiser's influence and control. The promise made committing to a workplan as input to a Percent Plan Complete measurement is used as a practical example. The paper's conclusion arguably strengthens many of the existing parts and principles of the Last Planner System but also gives suggestions for improvement. KW - Complexity KW - Commitment KW - Promise KW - Construction KW - Project-Based Production PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2178/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2178 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrating a Strategic Milestone and Phase Plan (SMPP) as a New Level of the Last Planner System (LPS): An Investigation on Megaprojects C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1418 EP - 1427 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0252 AU - Schöttle, Annett AU - Böker, Andreas AD - Dr.-Ing., Partner, refine Project AG, annett.schoettle@refine.team, Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-7320 AD - Independent Project Management and Lean Expert, andreas.boeker@gmx.de, orcid.org/0009-0009-4535-7381. AB - Megaprojects often struggle with their production planning. One of the reasons is a lack of common understanding of the project scope and goals within the project teams and stakeholders as the basis for reliable project delivery. The Last Planner System (LPS) is a well-known method for production planning and control. Nevertheless, the LPS has its limitations in megaprojects as the gap between the master schedule and the phase plan is vast. On the one hand, the master plan consists of the milestones, the phase durations, and overlaps only. On the other hand, the phase plan (also named milestone and phase plan [MPP]) already consists of specified handoffs and conditions between processes within a phase duration. Thus, the master schedule is too vague, and the phase plan is too detailed. To overcome this limitation, the authors propose integrating another level, on a monthly basis, between the master schedule and MPP in the LPS. Based on two case studies, this paper describes and analyzes how a Strategic Milestone and Phase Plan (SMPP) can be integrated as a new level into the LPS and demonstrates the benefits based on the findings of the two cases. The authors finally conclude that the SMPP should be integrated into the LPS at a new and additional level. KW - Last planner system KW - strategic milestone and phase plan KW - megaprojects. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2179/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2179 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Development and Testing of a Digital Lean Tool to Sharpen Motion and Transportation Waste Recognition C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 674 EP - 686 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0253 AU - Arefazar, Yasaman AU - Rybkowski, Zofia K. AU - Jeong, H. David AU - Seo, Jinsil Hwaryoung AU - Maghool, Sayyed Amir Hossain AD - Graduate Student, Department of Construction Science, School of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, yasamanarefazar@tamu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-2827-572X AD - Associate Professor, Department of Construction Science, School of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, zrybkowski@arch.tamu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0683-5004 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Science, School of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, djeong@tamu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-4074-1869 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Visualization, School of Performance, Visualization & Fine Arts, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, hwaryoung@tamu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-7203 AD - Graduate Student, Department of Construction Science, School of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, maghool@tamu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-1208-9092 AB - There is a need to create ways to communicate opportunities for motion and transportation waste reduction and productivity enhancement that align with the visual management characteristics of those practicing within the construction industry. In this study, researchers aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive online simulation game that generates spaghetti diagrams as a tool for improving conceptual understanding of motion and transportation waste reduction, that could potentially be used by lean educators in the construction industry. The tool was developed using Unity™ and tested against a control group. To ensure the concept was relatable to participants across different roles, the commonly experienced activity of making spaghetti was chosen as the simulation scenario. Participant feedback from preliminary testing of the online simulation game indicated that the activity was enjoyable and appeared to heighten participant awareness of object placement. Metrics generated by the simulation—as well as post-play discussion—appeared to help participants perceive how elimination of motion and transportation waste can potentially improve their performance. The intent of the simulation is to spur post-simulation discussion with participants about identifying and reducing waste in their own varied processes such as job site operations and procurement. KW - Motion Waste KW - Transportation Waste KW - Lean Simulation KW - Lean Construction KW - Online Game KW - Serious Games KW - Spaghetti Diagram KW - Productivity Awareness PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2180/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2180 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Investigation of the Supply Chain of Mass Timber Systems C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 824 EP - 835 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0254 AU - Coelho, Rafael V. AU - Anderson, Aaron K. AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AD - PhD Candidate, Civil and Envir. Eng. Dept. and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, rvcoelho@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-3622 AD - Director of Innovation, Swinerton Inc., San Diego, CA, USA, aaron.anderson@swinerton.com, orcid.org/0000- 0003-2307-8516 AD - Distinguished Professor, Civil and Envir. Eng. Dept., Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, tommelein@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-6596 AB - How well production systems and their supply chains are designed, configured, and managed affects the delivery of construction projects. Industrialized Construction (IC) and mass timber present a shift from traditional project delivery: they are reshaping existing supply chains and creating new ones within the construction industry. The rapidly increasing number of mass timber projects in North America and the emergence of mass timber supply chains bring the need to study and seek ways to design and improve the production systems that deliver customer value by means of such projects. Accordingly, this paper presents an exploratory case study that describes the characteristics of the mass timber supply chain in North America and the major steps in the process of designing and delivering a mass timber structural system for a multi-story residential building. In addition, we present a list of recommendations for designing and delivering mass timber systems. KW - Mass timber KW - supply chain management KW - industrialized construction KW - off-site construction KW - production system design. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2181/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2181 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Comparison of Takt Planning Methods Used on Projects of Different Types C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1605 EP - 1616 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0255 AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AU - Lerche, Jon AD - Distinguished Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA, tommelein@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002- 9941-6596 AD - PhD, Dept. of BTech., Aarhus University, Birk Centerpark 15, 7400 Herning, Denmark, jon.lerche@btech.au.dk, orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-9630 AB - Takt planning has been used to deliver projects of different types and in different industry sectors. We presuppose here that the methods used to develop project takt plans therefore must vary. To test whether this presupposition holds we consider two different project types (wind turbines and healthcare facilities) and compare sample projects of these types in terms of the rationale that was applied when developing their takt plans. We show that the rationale takes into account the relative cycle times and associated resource costs of individual steps in their production processes, considering the dependencies between those steps and between processes. Little has been written in the literature to date about the relative costs of process steps in takt plans, and how these costs affect the opportunities planners have and choices they make when leveling workloads to determine the so-called “operable” takt time. That is done here. This paper contributes to the literature on takt production used to deliver construction projects by describing theoretical concepts that help to differentiate takt planning methods used to plan projects of different types. KW - Production system design KW - takt production KW - takt planning KW - work structuring KW - flow KW - complexity KW - cycle time KW - cost KW - Critical Chain KW - Theory of Constraints PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2182/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2182 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction and Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Design Management: Survey Results From French Companies C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 220 EP - 229 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0257 AU - AlBalkhy, Wassim AU - Chaize, Eva AU - Morael, Vincent AU - Lafhaj, Zoubeir AU - Iordanova, Ivanka AD - Doctoral Candidate, Centrale Lille, CNRS, UMR 9013-LaMcube, Lille, France, wassim.albalkhy@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-8133 AD - Lean Manager, COEFF Lean Management Consulting Company, Paris, France, echaize@coeff.fr AD - Founder and CEO, COEFF Lean Management Consulting Company, Paris, France, vmorael@coeff.fr AD - Full Professor, Centrale Lille, CNRS, UMR 9013-LaMcube, Lille, France, zoubeir.lafhaj@centralelille.fr, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-9176 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, QC, Canada, Ivanka.Iordanova@etsmtl.ca AB - Lean and BIM integration in the design phase may help achieve better design deliverables on the planned time and cost and consistent with the client’s needs and requirements. With the absence of enough studies about lean-BIM integration in France, this study reports the results from a survey about lean-BIM integration in French design firms. The results of the study showed that lean is still not routinely adopted in these firms, and more than 95% of the firms do not provide training on lean. The evaluation of lean-BIM integration was neither high nor low; with a mean of 3.73 out of 5.00. Additionally, the results showed that BIM has still not delivered its full potential in the studied firms. The analysis of the results showed also a positive and significant impact of lean-BIM integration on design performance. KW - Lean construction KW - Building Information Modeling (BIM) KW - Design Management KW - Construction KW - Lean construction 4.0 KW - France. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2183/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2183 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction and AWP: Similarities, Differences, and Opportunities C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1428 EP - 1439 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0258 AU - Rebai, Slim AU - AlBalkhy, Wassim AU - Hamdi, Olfa AU - Lafhaj, Zoubeir AD - Doctoral Candidate, Centrale Lille, CNRS, UMR 9013-LaMcube, Lille, France, slim.rebai@centralelille.fr, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-808X AD - Doctoral Candidate, Centrale Lille, CNRS, UMR 9013-LaMcube, Lille, France, wassim.albalkhy@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-8133 AD - CEO, Concord Project Technologies, 1900 S. Norfolk St., Suite 350, San Mateo, CA, 94403, USA, ohamdi@tconglobal.com AD - Full Professor, Centrale Lille, CNRS, UMR 9013-LaMcube, Lille, France, zoubeir.lafhaj@centralelille.fr, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-9176 AB - The registered levels of failure in construction projects encouraged searching for new concepts and methods to improve the performance of these projects. Lean construction and Advanced Work Packaging (AWP) are examples of these concepts. While lean construction has been practiced for three decades, AWP is still newer. Despite the growing interest in Advanced Work Packaging (AWP) and Lean Construction, there is currently no published research that explores the feasibility and effectiveness of applying AWP and Lean Construction in construction projects. The current study aims to provide a comparison between the two concepts based on the results from reviewing the literature. This study, which covered 29 studies, summarizes similarities and differences between lean and AWP based on four categories; context and principles, project specification, roles in the project, and work approach. Based on the results, the study recommends investing in ways to integrate the two concepts aiming at achieving better performance on all levels and decreasing the impact of uncertainty and complexity in construction projects. KW - Lean construction KW - Advanced Work Packaging (AWP) KW - construction projects KW - Last Planner System (LPS) KW - comparison KW - literature review. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2184/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2184 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean and Industry 4.0 in Brick Manufacturing: A Digital Twin-Based Value Stream Mapping Proposed Framework C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 230 EP - 241 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0259 AU - Karmaoui, Dorra AU - AlBalkhy, Wassim AU - Lafhaj, Zoubeir AU - Chapiseau, Christophe AD - Doctoral Candidate, Centrale Lille, CNRS, UMR 9013-LaMcube, Lille, France, dorra.karmaoui@centralelille.fr, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7776-5456 AD - Doctoral Candidate, Centrale Lille, CNRS, UMR 9013-LaMcube, Lille, France, wassim.albalkhy@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-8133 AD - Full Professor, Centrale Lille, CNRS, UMR 9013-LaMcube, Lille, France, zoubeir.lafhaj@centralelille.fr, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-9176 AD - Factory Director, Briqueteries du Nord (BDN), Lille, France, christophe.chapiseau@bdn.fr AB - As one of the most important industries to face the global housing challenges, brick manufacturing can benefit from the principles of lean and the applications of Industry 4.0 to achieve better organizational, environmental, and operational performance. This study reviews the efforts made on lean-Industry 4.0 integration in brick manufacturing and proposes a framework to support this integration. The proposed framework is based on the use of digital twin (DT) technology to create dynamic and automated Value Stream Mapping (VSM). The proposed framework aims to continuously visualize, monitor, and improve the flow, value creation, and waste elimination in brick production processes. The study also reports the state of the implementation of the framework in a brick company in France as a case study. Validating and testing the framework is possible in different types of manufacturing companies; even out of the brick manufacturing sector. KW - Brick manufacturing KW - Lean KW - Industry 4.0 KW - Digital twin (DT) KW - Value stream mapping (VSM) KW - Internet of things (IoT) KW - construction and housing KW - France. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2185/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2185 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean and Iot Integration to Improve Flow in Construction Prefabrication: a Proposed Framework C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 836 EP - 845 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0260 AU - AlBalkhy, Wassim AU - Rankohi, Sara AU - Lafhaj, Zoubeir AU - Iordanova, Ivanka AU - Velasquez, Jorge Mauricio Ramirez AU - Bourgault, Mario AU - Pellerin, Robert AD - Wassim AlBalkhy1 , Sara Rankohi2 , Zoubeir Lafhaj3 , Ivanka Iordanova4 , Jorge Mauricio Ramirez Velasquez5, Mario Bourgault6 , and Robert Pellerin AD - Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Mathematical and Industrial Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, sara.rankohi@polymtl.ca AD - Full Professor, Centrale Lille, CNRS, UMR 9013-LaMcube, Lille, France, zoubeir.lafhaj@centralelille.fr, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-9176 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, QC, Canada, Ivanka.Iordanova@etsmtl.ca AD - Doctoral Candidate, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, QC, Canada, jorge-mauricio.ramirezvelasquez.1@ens.etsmtl.ca AD - Professor, Department of Mathematical and Industrial Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, mario.bourgault@polymtl.ca AD - Professor, Department of Mathematic and Industrial Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, robert.pellerin@polymtl.ca AB - PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2186/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2186 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Cost Reduction in Construction Through Project Compatibility in a Virtual Prototype C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 242 EP - 253 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0261 AU - Santos, Joseph Hakkinen Alves AU - Famá, Camila Campos Goméz AD - Graduate student Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. jhas001@hotmail.com, orcid.org/0009-0003-9161-4189. AD - Me. civil Engineering, Federal Institute of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. camilafama@yahoo.com.br, orcid.org/0000- 0002-7179-9644. AB - The design stage is decisive for the Product Development Process, as it is in this stage that the main guidelines of the projects are defined, which directly affect costs, deadlines and production methods. In this sense, virtual prototypes have been used to approve project alternatives, perform engineering analysis, support production planning and present the product to customers. Thus, they allow the reduction of time and resources in decision-making, in addition to predicting problems that may lead to difficulties in execution. In this context, the research sought to optimize pre-existing projects of a popular standard residence through the development of a virtual prototype through the Autodesk Revit tool where it was possible to reconcile the structural, electrical, hydraulic and architectural projects, in addition to adapting such projects with the construction techniques used by the construction company. In this interactive process, the automatic method of detection of interferences (crash-detection) and the manual were applied, through the contribution of the stakeholders of the work. The estimated direct savings obtained per house built was around BRL 905.00, knowing that this development was a housing complex of 90 houses, a reduction of approximately BRL 81 thousand reais was obtained in total. KW - Lean construction KW - prototype KW - BIM PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2187/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2187 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Visual Management Implementation Strategy: An Analysis of Digital Whiteboards C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 608 EP - 619 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0264 AU - Pedó, Bárbara AU - Tezel, Algan AU - Koskela, Lauri AU - Tzortzopoulos, Patricia AU - Formoso, Carlos Torres AU - Vrabie, Elena AU - Robinson, Stuart AD - Ph.D. Student, Innovative Design Lab (IDL), University of Huddersfield, and Lean Manager at Arcadis, United Kingdom (UK), barbara.pedo2@hud.ac.uk, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6520-0981 AD - Associate Professor, Civil Engineering and Management, University of Nottingham, UK, algan.tezel@nottingham.ac.uk, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-6126 AD - Professor, IDL, University of Huddersfield, UK, l.koskela@hud.ac.uk, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-2281 AD - Professor, IDL, University of Huddersfield, UK, p.tzortzopoulos@hud.ac.uk, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740- 6753 AD - Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, formoso@ufrgs.br, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-3746 AD - Senior Technical Director, Country Digital and Automation Lead, Arcadis, UK, elena.vrabie@arcadis.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-6484 AD - Technical Director, Arcadis, UK, stuart.robinson@arcadis.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5350-6281 AB - Visual Management (VM) is a communication strategy in which a visual workplace for closerange communication is created by using easy-to-understand sensory devices. It is adopted to increase process transparency and self-management capacity. VM discussions have been mostly device-centred to date, being concerned with the development of new devices, or understanding the impact of different VM attributes for different purposes. Explorations of VM as a strategy have been limited. This paper outlines the key elements of one part of an overall VM strategy, namely the implementation strategy (i.e., planning, introducing, executing, monitoring, and controlling, maintaining, and improving, and removing). It is based on an empirical study on the use of a specific type of VM device (i.e., digital whiteboards) at an infrastructure engineering design and consultancy company in the UK. The main sources of evidence were surveys with key representatives of the company and participant observation in the development and implementation of the device. Findings indicate that adopting VM through a systematic implementation strategy with coherent plans and actions is important to enable its successful application. Moreover, some future research opportunities are pointed out, such as to expand and evaluate the definitions proposed, and to test them in different contexts and device types. KW - Visual Management KW - Strategy KW - Digital Whiteboards KW - Lean KW - Design Management. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2188/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2188 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluating the Usability of the Leanbuild Software Application After the Design Stage C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 254 EP - 265 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0265 AU - Musa, Muktari M. AU - Daniel, Emmanuel I. AU - Ahmed, Namadi S. AU - Enedah, Ifeatu C. AD - Lean construction, digitalisation/technology, project management, software usability test. AD - Senior Lecturer in Construction Management, School of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering., University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK, e.daniel2@wlv.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000- 0002-5675-1845 AD - Lecturer, School of Engineering and the Environment, Department of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction Management, Kingston University: London, Greater London, GB. s.ahmed@kingston.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-3815-0683 AD - Lead Program Manager, LeanBuild Limited, UK ifeatu@leanbuild.co.uk, ifeatuenedah@yahoo.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-3101-9658 AB - Industries are experiencing a new paradigm shift driven by advanced digitalization, automation, smart technologies, and the internet of things. Lean construction (LC) advocates have been promoting the adoption of existing and emerging technologies through Lean construction 4.0 (LC 4.0). This paper presents an opportunity for the adoption of smart digital technologies in the construction industry in the form of "LeanBuild project management software". This paper aims to evaluate the usability of the LeanBuild software after the design stage of development. This paper evaluated the ease of use and effectiveness, and assessed the comprehensiveness of the software design flow. Focus groups, questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted with industry practitioners, academics, and software/IT professionals. The results suggest that the incorporation of data privacy and security, modules for designing and tracking modular and off-site construction, tools for calculating carbon footprints and sustainability, and artificial intelligence, will improve its usability and provide more value to end-users. The paper concludes that while the LeanBuild software has some limitations in terms of scope and functions, it is generally easy to use and effective for its intended users. The study provides insights for software developers to design more user-friendly project management software. KW - Lean construction KW - digitalisation/technology KW - project management KW - software usability test. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2189/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2189 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Capability-Building for Construction Informing Design C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1002 EP - 1012 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0266 AU - Reed, Dean AU - Arthur, Chad AU - Dunn, Charlie AD - Owner and Consultant, Capability-Building, Santa Cruz, CA 95050, USA, dean@deansreed.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-2916-8558 AD - Senior Design and VDC Manager, DPR Construction, Sacramento, CA 95811, USA, chadr@dpr.com, orcid.org/ 0009-0009-0616-7294 AD - Product Design Leader, DPR Construction, Charlotte, NC 28217, USA, charlied@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000- 0002-3093-7203 AB - The research question is whether Takahiro Fujimoto’s theory of capability-building to create the Toyota Production System (TPS) is useful to understand the creation of a capability for Construction knowledge to inform design (CID). This paper attempts to reveal what was done in sufficient detail to compare it against Fujimoto’s explanation of how Toyota’s capabilitybuilding created TPS. The method used was to create and analyze data using the Fujimoto framework explained in his book, The Evolution of a Manufacturing System at Toyota. Fujimoto’s theory allowed the authors to confirm that Toyota-style capability was created and delivered a significant competitive advantage in 2 of 4 projects where CID was attempted. The capability was created without knowledge of Fujimoto’s theory of Toyota’s capability-building. As with previous studies, it was impossible to identify routines developed to implement the process steps. It was also not possible to distinguish process steps for learning from others for production. Industry fragmentation is an obstacle to the level of integration this capability requires of designers and builders. The capability for construction knowledge to inform design can be created and requires vision and leadership to challenge the traditional design process. KW - Theory KW - capability KW - autoethnography KW - emergence KW - evolutionary. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2190/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2190 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Maturity Models in Off-Site Construction and Analysis of Lean Incorporation: Review C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 846 EP - 857 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0267 AU - Ortega, Jesús AU - Vásquez-Hernández, Alejandro AU - Mesa, Harrison A. AU - Alarcón, Luis Fernando AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, jaortega2@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-937X AD - PhD Student, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, and School of Civil Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain. Assistant Professor, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia, avasquez5@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-1073-4038 AD - Associate Professor, School of Civil Construction, National Excellence Center for the Timber Industry (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, hmesa@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002- 7050-3610. AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, lalarcon@ing.puc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-2272 AB - The adoption of off-site construction (OSC) is still uncertain although many contributions to its promotion have been made. In many studies, lean construction (LC) has been declared to be the most suitable approach to support managing OSC, but there are challenges regarding its incorporation into OSC. A maturity model (MM) has been proposed to evaluate and guide OSC adoption. However, the literature shows misunderstandings about the MM structure and how these models incorporate LC. This article aims to review maturity models (MMs) developed in the OSC field to identify benefits and deliver deep insight into their structure and the incorporation of LC. The methodology involved three steps: (i) systematic literature review (SLR) of OSC-MMs, (ii) thematic analysis to identify associations among MM benefits, OSC barriers, and LC challenges, and (iii) analysis and interpretation of results. The findings suggest that MMs developed in OSC are incipient, many of them suffer bias and have weaknesses in their structure, and LC incorporation is poor and not explicit in most OSC-MMs KW - Off-site construction KW - prefabrication KW - lean construction KW - maturity models KW - barriers. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2191/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2191 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploration of Educational Backgrounds, Personality Traits, and Gender on Tendencies to Collaborate Among Owners, Architects, Engineers, and Contractors C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 687 EP - 697 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0268 AU - Ramanath, Vishnu AU - Rybkowski, Zofia K. AD - Graduate Student, Department of Construction Science, School of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, vishnuramanath@gmail.com AD - Associate Professor, Department of Construction Science, School of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, zrybkowski@arch.tamu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0683-5004. AB - The construction industry is challenged by a lack of collaboration and trust, leading to an adversarial relationship among project stakeholders. With the introduction of Lean-Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) processes, collaboration has become a key strategy for increasing productivity. This research leveraged game theory and the Maroon-White simulation to explore whether there is any correlation between the educational background of owners, architects, engineers, and contractors and their tendencies to collaborate. It also explored whether there is a correlation between tendencies to collaborate based on various personality types as measured by Jung/Isabel Briggs Myers typology. Although results from this research are preliminary, university students studying to enter the OAEC stakeholder practices (Owner Architecture Engineering and Construction) showed similar rates of tendencies to collaborate. Correlation with personality types was inconclusive. However, multiple rounds of play often revealed long-term negative impacts when one team betrayed a collaborative agreement for its personal benefit. Also, although teams with females did not significantly modify the numerical results, facilitators noticed that women often openly voiced that a collaborative strategy would gain the most points, yet their suggestions tended to be dismissed by teammates. Further research is needed in this area. KW - Lean Construction KW - Maroon-White Game KW - simulation KW - integrated project delivery KW - IPD contract KW - collaboration KW - trust KW - betrayal KW - personality traits KW - gender. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2192/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2192 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Environmental Improvements for Renovation Work Using Laser Scraping C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 266 EP - 275 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0275 AU - Nagai, Kaori AU - Imazeki, Motoki AU - Kaneko, Yasuaki AU - Kawai, Yuuki AD - Prof. Dr.Eng. Dept. of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon Univ., Japan, nagai.kaori@nihon-u.ac.jp AD - ME Student, Dept. of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon Univ., Japan, cimo17030@g.nihon-u.ac.jp AD - Researcher, Technical Research Center, Tobishima Corporation, Japan, Yasuaki_Kaneko@tobishima.co.jp AD - Manager, Structural Engineering Office, Railway Operation Headquarters, West Japan Railway Company, Japan, yuuki-kawai@westjr.co.jp AB - Construction sites in general are in environments where noise, vibration, and dust including. Especially in renovation and demolition works, concrete cutting, drilling, and scraping require not only loud noise, vibration, and dust, but also long hours of reaction force from the workers to use the machinery. Robotization has progressed in recent years and the environment for workers is improving, but the working environment in general sites where robots are difficult to install remains a challenge. This study aims to develop a method to improve the noise and other working environments of refurbishment works. This paper describes the results of a feasibility study on a laser scraping method to reduce noise in the renovation of infrastructure facilities around residential suburban areas. The results show that thin cement adhering to the rebar can be removed by the low power laser. Furthermore, a comparison of the noise level with conventional methods on site confirmed the superiority of laser scraping. This result indicates, in terms of lean construction, will reduce waste and improve the quality of the site. KW - Renovation KW - Environment KW - Sustainability KW - Concrete KW - Laser. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2193/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2193 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Waste: Why Economics Got Is So Wrong, and What Could Be the Remedy? C1 - Lille, France C3 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) SP - 1 EP - 12 PY - 2023 DO - 10.24928/2023/0300 AU - Koskela, Lauri AU - Ballard, Glenn AU - Bølviken, Trond AD - Professor, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Huddersfield, UK, l.koskela@hud.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-2281 AD - Researcher, Project Production Systems Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94619, US, ballard@ce.berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0948-8861 AD - Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, N4846 Grimstad, Norway, trond.bolviken@outlook.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-2408 AB - A paradigm shift occurred in economics in the middle of the 20th century. According to the old paradigm, economics studies the determinants of wealth. The new paradigm, called neoclassical economics, posits that economics studies behaviour under scarcity of resources. A corollary of the new view is that people and organisations can be assumed to make optimal, best possible, decisions regarding the scarce resources. The old paradigm of economics recognized waste as a factor influencing wealth. The new paradigm, focusing on optimal allocation of resources, did not apply the notion of waste. The Nobel laureate economist Stigler went in 1976 even further and claimed that waste is not a useful concept in economic theory, though he admitted the occurrence of waste, which he narrowly defined as a foregone product that can be obtained for less than its cost. The 1976 paper of Stigler is critically assessed. Three major shortcomings are found. First, waste is ubiquitous in economic activities, whereas Stigler downplayed its significance. Second, waste can occur irrespective of the context, whereas Stigler insisted that waste occurs in the context of market exchange. Third, decision usually needs to be implemented in the material world, and waste often emerges in this implementation. Stigler considered decisions without taking implementation into account. To rectify the shortcomings in the economic conception of behaviour under scarcity, a new conception is offered. It is based on the recognition of three different types of waste in relation to a decision: background waste, non-optimality of the decision, and foreground waste. There should be an attempt to reduce or to eliminate all three types of waste. The new conception implies that the starting point of neoclassical economics has been seriously wrong. KW - Economics KW - waste KW - optimum KW - scarcity KW - Stigler PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC31) DA - 2023/06/26 CY - Lille, France L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2194/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2194 N1 - Export Date: 18 May 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER -