TY - CONF TI - Last Planner, Look Ahead, PPC: a Driver to the Site Operations C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Conte, Antonio Sergio Itri AD - Lean Construction Institute – Brazil, Civil Engineer, Master Degree in Production Engineering from Escola Politécnica of USP, Director of Logical Systems Consulting Ltd., Phone +55 011 573-6937, Fax +55 011 573-1397, e-mail: asiconte@usp.br AB - The paper describes the experience of a civil engineering company of a small town in São Paulo State of introducing a model of production management in sites based on the concepts of Lean Construction. It presents the concept outlining of the model and reviews the practical results obtained in the construction of a library in the city of Campinas during the period of 18 months. KW - Production management; civil engineering; information flow PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/32/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/32 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Proactive Approach for Reducing Non-Value Adding Activities Due to Time-Space Conflicts C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Akinci, Burcu AU - Fischer, Martin AU - Zabelle, Todd AD - Graduate Res. Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305-4020, USA, akinci@leland.stanford.edu. AD - Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305- 4020, USA, fischer@cive.stanford.edu. AD - President of Pacific Contracting Engineers, Inc., 221 Main Street, Suite 1560, San Francisco, CA 94105-1934, trz@pacificcontracting.com. AB - Time-space conflicts are one of the major causes of productivity losses at construction sites, and they are preventable and manageable if identified prior to construction. Current industry practice and project management tools and techniques do not support proactive time-space conflict management. Our research focuses on formalizing and automating time-space conflict analysis to assist construction managers to proactively manage spatial conflicts between activities at their sites. In this paper, we describe a case that highlights the challenges involved in time-space conflict analysis and discuss an initial framework showing the factors that determine the schedule impacts of spatial conflicts between activities. Using the presented framework, a construction manager can assess the type of a time-space conflict and predict the schedule impacts of spatial conflicts. Realizing the schedule impacts of time-space conflicts before they occur at a construction site, s/he can proactively manage spatial conflicts between activities and eliminate non-value adding activities that occur at construction sites due to time-space conflicts. KW - Time-space conflicts KW - space management at construction sites KW - work space requirements of activities KW - schedule analysis. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/33/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/33 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Improving the Design-Construction Interface C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Alarcon, Luis F. AU - Mardones, Daniel A. AD - Head Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Casilla 306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile, e-mail: lalarcon@ing.puc.cl AD - Design Quality Coordinator, Delta Construction Co., Huerfanos 812, Piso 7, Santiago, Chile AB - In building projects customer requirements, constructive aspects and quality standards are defined during the design phase. However, this important phase is usually carried out with little interaction between the construction and design teams causing many problems during construction such us: incomplete designs, change orders, rework, construction delays, etc. This paper describes a performance study of the design-construction interface. This study comprised: interviews with experts, data collection from several projects and design and implementation of improvement tools. A review of the most frequent design defects found during the construction phase in four building projects allowed the researchers to design several tools to prevent the occurrence of these defects. QFD was used to identify the most effective tools and to set priorities for implementation. The proposed changes were implemented in a construction company participating in the study with significant impacts on performance. The implementation comprised new design and review procedures, standards for communication as well as explicit definition of internal customer requirements and design attributes. The implementation of these changes brought important reductions on design defects and their corresponding impacts in this company, some of these results are discussed in this paper. KW - Design quality; design process KW - continuous improvement KW - design-construction interface. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/34/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/34 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Looking for What Could Be Wrong: An Approach to Lean Thinking C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Andery, Paulo AU - Carvalho, Jr., Antonio N. AU - Helman, Horacio AD - Department of Materials Engineering and Construction, Escola de Engenharia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, R. Espírito Santo, 35 - 30160-030 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil, Phone: 55 31 238 1850, Fax: 55 31 238 1857, e-mail: paulo@demc.ufmg.br AD - Department of Materials Engineering and Construction, Escola de Engenharia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, R. Espírito Santo, 35 - 30160-030 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil, Phone: 55 31 238 1850, Fax: 55 31 238 1857, e-mail: paulo@demc.ufmg.br AD - Department of Materials Engineering and Construction, Escola de Engenharia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, R. Espírito Santo, 35 - 30160-030 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil, Phone: 55 31 238 1850, Fax: 55 31 238 1857, e-mail: paulo@demc.ufmg.br AB - The present paper points out the idea that in order to achieve quality assurance and reliability improvement in construction processes, lean thinking practice should incorporate a rarely used method in civil construction process design. It requires to consider “what shall we do to make things go on” and also an effort to searching for “what could be wrong (and we do not know)”. This approach to process design contains the basic idea that some failures causes are implicit in building procedures, and an analysis of potential failure root causes may be done in order to find them out, thus anticipating future problems. This approach to process design - “searching for what could be wrong”- will provide a filter to “time bombs”, built-in problems in the construction conversions and flows activities. The analysis will involve the establishment of countermeasures to potential failure modes. The use of failure analysis methods (FMEA - Failure Modes and Effects Analysis and FTA - Fault Tree Analysis) in order to implement this approach is proposed and a strategy for the application of those tools, as well as some difficulties in their application, are presented and discussed. KW - Process design review KW - failure analysis KW - construction process reliability. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/35/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/35 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Unravelling the Value Chain in Construction C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Atkin, Brian AD - Professor of Construction Management and Economics, The Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; email. brian@recm.kth.se AB - A study of project processes and information integration has been carried out on ten building projects in the UK, France, Germany and Sweden. This paper summarises the findings and includes comment on the projects and the resultant models of the design and construction process. Functional models of the process were produced, using a computer based IDEFØ tool to show information flows, participants, organisations and IT use. The models were verified and presented in as uniform an approach as possible, using a generic model of the process. Analysis was performed on the models, including checks for consistency and process integrity. The findings indicate that, inter alia, IT use is significantly affected by the attitude of the client and the IT capability and orientation of the 'constructor'. Moreover, it is essential to have all members of the project team within the operational 'loop'. Integration is about bringing people and organisations closer together. The generic model has been subsequently developed in line with the best practice elements of each project, changes in construction practices and out of sector best practice in design and production. The result is a new project generic process model that could form a blueprint for subsequent projects. This research will continue, by modelling and costing different project scenarios so that non-value added activities can be isolated and eliminated. KW - Process modelling KW - functional modelling KW - design KW - supply chain KW - value chain KW - IT. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/36/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/36 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - What Kind of Production Is Construction? C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Ballard, Glenn AU - Howell, Greg AD - Lecturer at U.C. Berkeley. Research Director for the Lean Construction Institute, ballard@ce.berkeley.edu AD - Adjunct Professor at Boise State and Virginia Tech. Executive Director of the Lean Construction Institute, ghowell@micron.net AB - Applicability of lean principles to construction might seem to require that construction’s differentiating characteristics be softened or explained away. This is the strategy employed by those who advocate making construction more like the manufacturing from which lean thinking originated. Following that line of thought, successive waves of implementation would leave ever smaller remainders that are not yet reduced to manufacturing, and consequently not yet capable of being made lean. This approach offers tremendous opportunity for reducing the time and cost of constructed facilities. However, for our part, we are interested in that remainder, in understanding its peculiar characteristics, and in learning how to make it lean. Our interest is founded on the belief that construction is a fundamentally different kind of production; i.e., that there is an irreducible remainder. We also suspect that learning how to make construction lean will help show the way to the manufacturing of the future. Manufacturing is becoming more like construction. Far from being the most backward, in our view, construction can be among the leading edge industries in lean thinking. Adopting a single-minded strategy of transforming construction into manufacturing would be precisely the wrong thing to do. This paper explains the need to develop lean thinking for dynamic construction and lays the groundwork for a subsequent paper “Implementing Lean Construction”, in which these strategies are further developed. KW - Construction KW - production theory KW - uncertainty KW - strategy KW - lean thinking. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/37/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/37 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - On the Agenda of Design Management Research C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Ballard, Glenn AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Research Director, Lean Construction Institute, 4536 Fieldbrook Road, Oakland, CA 94619. Phone: 510/530-8656. E-mail: ballard@ce.berkeley.edu AD - Senior Researcher, VTT Building Technology, P.O. Box 1801, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland. Phone: +358-9-456 4556. E-mail: lauri.koskela@vtt.fi AB - We propose an agenda for design management research. That agenda is based on a new conceptual foundation for operations management. Design processes can be conceived in at least three different ways: (1) as a process of converting inputs to outputs, (2) as a flow of materials and information through time and space, and (3) as a process of generating value for customers. All three conceptions are appropriate and necessary. However, the conversion model has been dominant in the AEC (architectural/engineering/construction) industry until very recently. We review current thinking and practice of design management, suggest fundamental hypotheses, then propose an agenda for design management research based on those hypotheses. KW - Design management KW - concurrent engineering KW - value management KW - project management PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/38/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/38 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - From Craft Production to Mass Customisation? Customer-Focused Approaches to Housebuilding C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Barlow, James AD - School of the Built Environment, University of Westminster, 35 Marylebone Road, London, NW1 5LS, tel: 0171-911 5879, fax: 0171-911 5171, email: barlowj@wmin.ac.uk. AB - There is considerable dissatisfaction with the performance of UK housebuilders in providing products which customers want to buy. Notions of ‘customer focus’, which have spread through some industrial and retail sectors have largely passed the housebuilding industry by. In its current guise, the industry is unlikely to be able to tackle the demographic and social demands which will be placed on it in the early 21st century. Its challenge is to lower the initial and lifecycle cost of housing, but at the same time improve its quality and functionality. Notions of ‘agile production’ hold lessons for housebuilders. Essentially, the industry needs to adopt concepts of ‘mass customisation’, where highly customised products are delivered at costs comparable with mass production. The paper outlines the principal features of agile production and its relationship to notions of lean production, before reporting on the extent to which UK housebuilders are shifting their competitive strategies towards increased customer focus and improved supply chain management. The paper then explores some of the organisational, institutional and cultural barriers to the adoption of agile production in British housebuilding. Finally, we introduce a major project which aims to develop and demonstrate lean and agile approaches to private and social housing supply. KW - Housebuilding KW - lean production KW - agile production KW - innovation barriers. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/39/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/39 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Workplan: Database for Work Package Production Scheduling C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Choo, Hyun Jeong AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AU - Ballard, Glenn AU - Zabelle, Todd R. AD - screening, work package, constraint, percent of planned completed (PPC). AD - Associate Professor, Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt. Program, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., 215 McLaughlin Hall #1712, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu AD - Lecturer at U.C. Berkeley and Director of the Lean Construction Institute, 4536 Fieldbrook Rd., Oakland, CA 94619, ballard@ce.berkeley.edu AD - President, Pacific Contracting, Inc., 222 Sutter Street, Suite 310, San Francisco, CA 94108, trz@pacificcontracting.com AB - A database program called WorkPlan has been created to systematically develop weekly work plans. WorkPlan adopts the Last Planner methodology, which implements several lean construction techniques. A week prior to conducting work, WorkPlan guides the user step by step through the process of spelling out work packages, identifying constraints, checking constraint satisfaction, releasing work packages, and allocating resources; then at the end of the week, collecting field progress data and reasons for plan failure. This systematic approach helps the user create quality work plans and learn from understanding reasons for failure. The functionality of WorkPlan is detailed in this paper. Various ways of displaying work package data are illustrated. WorkPlan is to our knowledge the first computer tool designed specifically to implement lean production philosophy in construction. KW - WorkPlan KW - weekly work plan KW - database KW - lean construction KW - production scheduling KW - screening KW - work package KW - constraint KW - percent of planned completed (PPC). PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/40/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/40 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Embedded Internet Systems: Applications in Construction C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Finch, Edward AD - M.Sc., Ph.D., Editor of Facilities, Department of Construction Management & Engineering, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AW, UK. Email: e.f.finch@rdg.ac.uk. WWW: www.construct.rdg.ac.uk AB - This purpose of this paper is to explore developments in Internet communications technology on site. In particular, the paper examines the role of ‘stand alone’ or embedded systems in the context of a lean approach. These low cost devices are capable of reporting and receiving information in just the same way that computers on a network can. The advent of a new Internet communication standard, TCP/IP 6, offers significant potential in terms of remote monitoring and management of construction sites using embedded systems. In the discussion, the author considers the technological issues involved and the implications for management on site. KW - Embedded systems; TCP/IP; protocols; networks; lean construction. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/41/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/41 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Developing a Model for Planning and Controlling Production in Small Sized Building Firms C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Formoso, Carlos T. AU - Bernardes, Mauricio AU - Oliveira, Luis Fenando AD - Professor of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Ph.D., formoso@vortex.ufgs.br AD - Dr. student of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, M.Sc., bernarde@vortex.ufrgs.br AD - M.Sc. student of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, menescal@vortex.ufrgs.br AB - Construction planning and control is a managerial process that is closely related to the aim of improving the effectiveness of construction projects. Despite its importance, there is growing concern over the failure of construction planning and control to achieve its goals. The main objective of this article is to present the development process of a model for planning and controlling production in small sized building companies, as well as a method for implementing it. The model involves three different levels of planning and control: (a) weekly basis operational planning, using the concept of shielding production, at the lower level; (b) lookahead planning at the intermediate level; and (c) tactical planning concerning the whole production stage, at the higher level. The development of this research project is based on the conceptual framework of the New Production Philosophy (Lean Production). The applicability of its concepts and tools has been tested on the development of the production planning and control process. KW - Construction planning and control KW - shielding production KW - information systems. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/42/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/42 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Developing a Protocol for Managing the Design Process in the Building Industry C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Formoso, Carlos T. AU - Tzotzopoulos, Patricia AU - Jobim, Margaret S. S. AU - Liedtke, Renata AD - Ph.D., Senior Lecturer, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, email: formoso@vortex.ufrgs.br AD - M.Sc. candidates, Research Assistants, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil AD - M.Sc., Senior Lecturer, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil AD - M.Sc. candidates, Research Assistants, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil AB - The performance of the design process in the building industry has a great influence on the success of subsequent processes in construction projects and also on the quality of the final product. Despite its importance, relatively little attention has been given to the management of the design process. The main objective of this article is to present the preliminary results of a research project which aims to devise a protocol for managing the design process in house building firms. The protocol will consist of a general plan for developing design activities, including the content of the main activities, their precedence relationships, the role and responsibilities of different actors, and a model of the information flow. The protocol has been developed through case studies, carried out in four different construction companies from the South of Brazil. The development of this research is based on the conceptual framework of the New Production Philosophy (Lean Production). The suitability of its concepts and principles has been tested on the management of the design process. KW - Design Management KW - Lean Construction KW - Process Management KW - Building Design PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/43/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/43 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Practical Knowledge Builds Projects: Case for Independent Construction Information Management C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Gurley, David AU - McManus, Bill AD - AIA, dgurley@ionet.net AD - University of Oklahoma, Bill-McManus@ou.edu AB - This paper argues that the management of information for construction projects should be by independent information managers whose only interest in the project is in the efficient management of information. Their responsibility focuses on setting information standards, gathering, organizing, storing and exchanging information. The resulting system must provide information that is transparent, timely, appropriate, accurate, complete, dependable, secure and unbiased. All participants must have access to and confidence in this construction information system. KW - Project information management KW - automatic information KW - schedule centric project management KW - e-construction KW - transparency KW - lean construction. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/44/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/44 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Some Directions for Developing Construction Management Training Programmes on Lean Construction C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Hirota, Ercilia Hitomi AU - Formoso, Carlos Torres AD - M.Sc., Lecturer at Universidade Estadual de Londrina , PhD Candidate at NORIE/UFRGS, phone (051) 316-3518, fax (051) 316-4054, e-mail : ercilia@vortex.ufrgs.br AD - Ph.D., Senior Lecturer, NORIE/UFRGS, phone (051) 316-3518, fax (051) 316-4054, e-mail: formoso@vortex.ufrgs.br AB - The consolidation of the Lean Construction theory depends on the application of its principles and concepts by practitioners. Only feedback from the construction industry itself can support further research on the analysis and adaptation of the Lean Production principles to the construction process. Therefore, it is necessary to work on construction managers education in order to incorporate the lean production concepts and approaches in their daily practice. This paper describes an ongoing research project concerned with the development of construction management training programmes on lean construction, aiming at fostering changes of paradigm in process management. An exploratory study on the learning process of undergraduate students was carried out, focusing mainly on the relationship between teacher and students along lectures dealing with lean construction concepts and principles. The study has indicated that it is relatively straightforward for the students to understand and to apply some basic concepts like process, operation, conversion and flow activities and the general concept of waste. But it has also pointed out that it is not so easy for them to understand and comprehensively incorporate the lean construction principles and approaches. This paper discusses the complex problem connected to the change of paradigm and the learning process involved in the introduction of the lean construction theory in construction management training programmes. KW - Lean construction KW - learning KW - management education. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/45/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/45 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Implementing Lean Construction: Understanding and Action C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Howell, Greg AU - Ballard, Glenn AD - Adjunct Professor at Boise State and Virginia Tech.; Executive Director of the Lean Construction Institute, ghowell@micron.net AD - Lecturer at U.C. Berkeley and Research Director for the Lean Construction Institute, ballard@ce.berkeley.edu AB - Lean thinking is a new way to manage construction. Born in manufacturing, the goals demand a new way to coordinate action, one that is applicable to industries far removed from manufacturing. Implementation requires action be shaped by a deeper understanding of the goals and techniques. This paper explains the implications of the goals and key production principles, and how when taken together they result in a different way to manage construction. Implementing lean in construction then becomes a matter of developing and acting on this new knowledge. Advice on implementation is offered. KW - Lean construction KW - implementation KW - project management. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/46/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/46 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Contribution of the Principles of Lean Construction to Meet the Challenges of Sustainable Development C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Huovila, Pekka AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Group Leader, VTT Building Technology, P.O. Box 1801, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland. Phone: +358-9- 456 5903. E-mail: pekka.huovila@vtt.fi AD - Senior Researcher, VTT Building Technology, Phone: +358-9-456 4556. E-mail: lauri.koskela@vtt.fi AB - This paper suggests the challenges of sustainable development to be considered in the life cycle process of buildings. Sustainable development concepts are presented featuring social, ecological, cultural and environmental facets. Examples of sustainable construction practices from different countries are described. The potential and profitability of lean principles to promote sustainable construction is raised for discussion. As an example of related development, a requirements framework, is presented. KW - Life cycle process of buildings KW - requirements management KW - sustainable design KW - sustainable construction. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/47/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/47 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Design and Production Interface in Lean Production: A Performance Improvement Criteria Proposition C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 9 EP - 18 PY - 1998 AU - Isatto, Eduardo L. AU - Formoso, Carlos T. AD - M.Sc., Lecturer at NORIE/UFRGS, Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 99/3º andar, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, CEP 90.035-190, Phone: (055) 051 316-3353, email: isatto@vortex.ufrgs.br AD - Ph.D., Senior Lecturer at NORIE/UFRGS, email: formoso@vortex.ufrgs.br AB - Failures on transferring Japanese production techniques to West countries point out the need for a more in-depth comprehension of concepts and principles that support such techniques. In the construction industry, the abstraction and adaptation of those concepts and principles started in 1992 with the publication of the report “Application of the New Production Philosophy to Construction”, by Lauri Koskela. However, since the publication of that study little further discussion has been made on other Japanese production models, such as the one proposed by Shigeo Shingo and adopted at the Toyota Motor Company. This paper intends to compare Koskela’s and Shingo’s production models and the possibilities of amalgamating them. It is also proposed an application of those models for establishing performance improvement priorities, considering a hierarchy of decisions (market level, product level, process level, and operation level). KW - Lean construction KW - Toyota Production System KW - production improvement PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/48/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/48 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Last Planner as a Site Operations Tool C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Junior, Joao Auada AU - Scola, Alexandre AU - Conte, Antonio Sergio Itri AD - Verticon Construção e Empreendimentos Ltda., Phone/Fax: +55 11 241-2133, e-mail: scola@verticon.com.br AD - Verticon Construção e Empreendimentos Ltda., Phone/Fax: +55 11 241-2133, e-mail: scola@verticon.com.br AD - Lean Construction Institute – Brazil, Civil Engineer, Master Degree in Production Engineering from Escola Politécnica of USP, Director of Logical Systems Consulting Ltd., Home +55 011 573-6937, Fax +55 011 573-1397, e-mail: asiconte@usp.br AB - PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/49/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/49 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Implementation of Lean Concepts for Public Sector Engineering Design and Construction: A Case Study C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Kuprenas, John A. AD - Project Manager, VCM c/o City of Los Angeles – DPW/BOE/PMD, 650 S. Spring Street, Suite 1100, Mail Stop 549, Los Angeles, CA 90014, (213) 485-2443, and Research Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90087, kuprenas@mizar.usc.edu AB - This work details the implementation of lean thinking concepts, tools, and processes in the City of Los Angeles, Bureau of Engineering— one of the largest public engineering organizations on the world. Poor past project delivery performance has lead to a radical change in the Bureau’s organizational structure and project delivery processes. Central to the entire change is a shift toward a lean production model, centered on systems optimization. This work describes the reasons for the shift to lean thinking that began in the Bureau in the spring of 1997. The Bureau re-organization and the systems optimization background training are detailed. The ongoing training that is used to further foster lean thinking concepts is next reviewed. The majority of the paper is devoted to explaining specific lean thinking processes that were used as part of the transformation of the Bureau. Implementation of lean thinking is illustrated through detailed descriptions and examples the use of specific tools. Executive management and strategic planning efforts necessary to implement the lean thinking methods are explained and illustrated. Methods of reporting the transformation throughout the Bureau’s workforce and to the Bureau’s partners are also detailed and sample reporting and communication products are provided. Conclusions describe the performance improvements achieved to date through lean thinking, the obstacles the effort has yet to overcome, and mistakes made along the path so far. Future research needs identified through this effort are also included and discussed. KW - Engineering KW - design KW - construction KW - public sector KW - training KW - project controls KW - training KW - lean processes. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/50/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/50 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluating Building Systems Based on Productions Process Management and Lean Constructions Concepts C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - San Matin, Alberto Peixoto AU - Formoso, Carlos Torres AD - Civil Engineer, M.Sc. Candidate at NORIE-UFRGS, sama@ez-poa.com.br AD - Ph.D., M.Sc., Professor at NORIE-UFRGS, formoso@vortex.ufrgs.br AB - Production processes have been already the main subject of many researches on construction. However, the great majority of them do not consider the new concepts introduced by the new construction paradigm, called “lean construction”. This paper presents the development and the application of a method that considers the main principles of lean construction as qualifying characteristics for the development of performance criteria for the management of construction’s production processes. The main goal of the method is to investigate the degree in which the design of building systems consider the lean construction principles through performance indicators, as well as to make possible to consider explicitly such principles in the development of new construction technologies. KW - Construction technology; production processes; lean construction. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/51/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/51 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Designing for Lean Construction C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Melhado, Silvio Burrattino AD - Civil Construction Engineering Department, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Almeida Prado, tv. 2, n. 271 CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil, Phone +55 011 818 51 64 Fax +55 011 818 55 44, E-mail:silviobm@pcc.usp.br AB - This paper proposes an initial draft of guidelines to fit design methods based on lean construction principles. It results into innovative design procedures that can illustrate the application of “lean thinking design” for production efficiency improvement in building construction companies. The main concepts related to lean construction are discussed under design and production points of view as well as the optimal managerial relations among building design procedures and production activities. An experience of using innovative design methods is described as a practical reference. The proposed design methodology results in changes to the traditional design team arrangement and also to the design development and co-ordination. The difficulties for the implementation of the proposal in building construction companies are briefly examined. KW - Lean construction KW - building design KW - building construction. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/52/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/52 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Preplanning Method for Multi-Story Building Construction Using Line of Balance C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Mendez, Jr., Ricardo AU - Heineck, Luis Fernando M. AD - Doctoral Candidate, Pós-graduação em Eng. de Produção. E-mail: mendesjr@cesec.ufpr.br AD - Senior Lecturer, Departamento de Eng. de Produção. E-mail: gecon@eps.ufsc.br AB - This paper reports one aspect of a research program devoted to the topic of production control in multi-story building construction. Preplanning using the line of balance technique attempts to solve planning problems by making production process clearer and simpler. A preplanning method is presented which needs little detailed information about productivities and work volumes and may be rapidly produced. The plan brings an overall view of the project by grouping the main activities that are highly interdependent. The concept on the best rhythm for each group of activities focus on the sequencie of work, continuity of labor team working and completeness rather than on pure schedule goals. Many characteristics of the method support lean construction concepts, such as waste elimination, variances minimization, flexible planning and scheduling sequencing. Using line of balance concepts also suggests some control tools which are being experimented on aplication cases and are briefly described. KW - Buildings KW - construction planning KW - lean construction KW - line of balance KW - preplanning. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/53/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/53 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Alliance Lean Design/Construct on a Small High Tech Project C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Miles, Robert S AD - P.E., 16607 NW Norwalk Drive, Beaverton, OR 97006; Phone: 503-423-3998 ext. 2-1976; email: rsmiles@ix.netcom.com AB - It is the author’s conviction that Lean Production will largely influence a lasting Lean change in the construction industry not from the top down, but from the bottom up. It will grow though the proven productivity gains of Lean practitioner firms. It will grow even more dramatically through the formation of informal and formal alliances between individual practitioners of Lean Design and Construction. This paper describes one such example. A leading international high technology facility design firm2 and a visionary domestic design/construct firm3 joined in an informal alliance and tested their conviction that Lean Design and Construction can lead to world class results on a small, but challenging , high technology facility project. This unlikely relationship itself was largely a result of the two firms’ involvement in the Lean Construction Institute of the USA and the Lean Thinking revolution growing in a yet small but expanding part of the industry, internationally. This project case study showcases the answers to a number of previously untested theses: That the Owner can be convinced to try Lean practice for the first time, based upon the “selling” of the concept by their design and their construction firms. That two firms that had previously never worked together can establish an informal alliance that lasts the testing of a construction project with Lean Thinking as the glue to the relationship. That Lean practice can be performed on a design/construct project using many of the same tools that have previously only been used independently, not across the full project design/construct life. That the Last Planner and production planning can be effectively implemented in the design effort, with a staff that are Lean Thinking novices. This paper describes the formal contractual relationships, as well as the informal relational “contracts”. It presents the “Schematic Design in a Day” process. Training efforts are described. Lean production metrics are defined, and the resultant project data is reported. Lastly, lessons learned are shared and suggested next steps of continuous improvement are presented. KW - Lean design KW - lean construction KW - alliance KW - high tech. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/54/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/54 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Reinventing the Way of Construction: The Development of a New Design Language C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Rossi Residencial LTDA, AD - Rossi Residencial is one of the largest Brazilian real estate developers, providing apartments to the medium social class, and as it is usual in Brazil, Rossi is the constructor of its owner buildings. Today Rossi is operating in 14 important Brazilian cities and is building about 180 buildings. Luiz Henrique de Vasconcellos, Engineering Director, Address: R. Gomes de Carvalho 1195, Vila Olimpia – São Paulo CEP – 04547-004, Email : rossi.vasconcellos@ibm.net, rossi.engenharia@ibm.net, Phone : 5511-3040-0251, Fax: 5511-821-9985, Home page : www.plano100.com AB - PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/55/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/55 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Design and Production Interface in Lean Production: A Performance Improvement Criteria Proposition C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Isatto, Eduardo L. AU - Formoso, Carlos T. AD - M.Sc., Lecturer at NORIE/UFRGS, Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 99/3º andar, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, CEP 90.035-190, Phone: (055) 051 316-3353, email: isatto@vortex.ufrgs.br AD - Ph.D., Senior Lecturer at NORIE/UFRGS, email: formoso@vortex.ufrgs.br AB - Failures on transferring Japanese production techniques to West countries point out the need for a more in-depth comprehension of concepts and principles that support such techniques. In the construction industry, the abstraction and adaptation of those concepts and principles started in 1992 with the publication of the report “Application of the New Production Philosophy to Construction”, by Lauri Koskela. However, since the publication of that study little further discussion has been made on other Japanese production models, such as the one proposed by Shigeo Shingo and adopted at the Toyota Motor Company. This paper intends to compare Koskela’s and Shingo’s production models and the possibilities of amalgamating them. It is also proposed an application of those models for establishing performance improvement priorities, considering a hierarchy of decisions (market level, product level, process level, and operation level). KW - Lean construction KW - Toyota Production System KW - production improvement PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/56/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/56 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Getting UK Construction People to Think Lean - Where to Start? A Case Study C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Seymour, David AD - School of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, UK AB - Lean Construction is an evolving body of successfully applied principles and practices. Developing and refining them through application involves talking to, persuading and negotiating with people in a position to try out their efficacy. This paper reports a construction project which, in the writer’s opinion, is fertile ground for persuading key participants that LC is relevant to their explicit aim of looking for better ways to do things. The purpose of the paper is to give some sense of the UK cultural context as experienced on this Project which, the writer believes, is germane to how the principles and practice of LC can most effectively be disseminated within UK construction. KW - Lean Construction KW - culture KW - change KW - benchmarking KW - measurement PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/57/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/57 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Parade Game: Impact of Work Flow Variability on Succeeding Trade Performance C1 - Guarujá, Brazil C3 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 1998 AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AU - Riley, David AU - Howell, Greg A. AD - Associate Professor, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Department, 215-A McLaughlin Hall, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, 510/643-8678, FAX 510/643-8919, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu AD - Assistant Professor, Dept. of Constr. Mgmt., 116 Architecture Hall, College of Architecture, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1610, 206/616-1917, FAX 206/685-1976, driley@u.washington.edu. AD - Adjunct Professor at Boise State and Virginia Tech. and Executive Director of the Lean Construction Institute, mail: Box 1003, Ketchum, ID 83340 ghowell@micron.net AB - The Parade Game illustrates what impact work-flow variability has on the performance of construction trades and their successors. The game consists of simulating a construction process in which resources produced by one trade are prerequisite to starting work by the next trade. Production-level detail, describing resources being passed from one trade to the next, illustrates that throughput will be reduced, project completion delayed, and waste increased by variations in flow. The game shows that it is possible to reduce waste and shorten project duration by improving the reliability of work flow between trades. Basic production management concepts are thus applied to construction management. They highlight one of the shortcomings of using CPM for field-level planning, which is that CPM does not explicitly represent reliability. The Parade Game can be played in a classroom setting either by hand or using a computer. Computer simulation enables students to experiment with numerous alternatives in order to sharpen their intuition regarding variability, process throughput, buffers, productivity, and crew sizing. Managers interested in schedule compression will benefit from understanding work-flow variability’s impact on succeeding trade performance. KW - Productivity improvement KW - contractor coordination KW - reliability KW - performance KW - lean construction KW - discrete-event simulation KW - specialty contracting KW - project management KW - production management KW - process modeling. PB - T2 - 6th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 1998/08/13 CY - Guarujá, Brazil L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/58/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/58 N1 - Export Date: 18 April 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER -