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EXPORT DATE: 19 June 2026

@CONFERENCE{Holth2026,
author={Holth, Fillip and Fosse, Roar and Drevland, Frode },
editor={Hamzeh, Farook and Poshdar, Mani and Garcia-Lopez,, Nelly P. },
title={Carpenters’ workday: Between value-adding work and physical strain}, 
journal={Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 34)}, 
booktitle={Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 34)}, 
year={2026},
pages={1265-1275},
url={http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/2558},
doi={10.24928/2026/0270},
affiliation={M.Sc. Graduate, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, fillip.holth@skanska.no, orcid.org/0009-0009-0637-877X ; Chief Advisor, Operational Excellence, Skanska Norway, Oslo, Norway, roar.fosse@skanska.no, orcid.org/0009-0005-9374-7326 ; Associate Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, frode.drevland@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-1564 },
abstract={Productivity improvement efforts in construction often rely on Work Sampling (WS) to increase Direct Work (DW) and reduce Wasted Work (WW). Such time-based metrics rarely account for how shifts in activity change workers’ physical workload. This study examines the descriptive relationship between work categories and observed physical workload in a carpentry team on a Norwegian project. Over five workdays, a dual-coding WS protocol recorded activity type (DW, Indirect Work (IW), WW) and workload. Overall, DW accounted for 41.31% of observations, IW 47.89%, and WW 10.80%. Workload was predominantly Moderate (45.79%), with substantial shares in High (29.39%) and Low (24.83%). Descriptive linear fits showed a positive association between DW and High workload shares (R² = 0.28), and an inverse association between WW and High workload shares (R² = 0.36). Daily questionnaires indicated mental load peaked on the day with the highest WW, linked to organisational challenges. Findings suggest efforts to increase DW may create a denser physical workload profile for carpenters, requiring parallel ergonomic and work structuring measures. },
author_keywords={Work structuring, waste, value, work sampling, ergonomics. },
address={Singapore, Singapore },
issn={2789-0015 },
publisher={ },
language={English},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={IGLC},
}