TY - CONF TI - A BIM-Based Framework for Material Logistics Planning C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 33 EP - 42 PY - 2015 AU - Cheng, Jack C. P. AU - Kumar, Srinath AD - Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, +852 2358-8186, cejcheng@ust.hk AD - Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, +852 6739-4867, ssk@ust.hk ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Material logistics planning (MLP) is an important component of supply chain management that promotes tidy construction sites and efficient project delivery. It aims to ensure that the right materials and equipment are delivered to site at the right time so as to reduce the idle resources and space requirement on site. Therefore, MLP can support lean construction as it can reduce unnecessary transportation and material handling, which are regarded as waste. However, supply chain issues such as late or incorrect material delivery are still common on construction sites nowadays. This paper presents and demonstrates a framework based on building information modeling (BIM) for automated material logistics planning and management. Using the Revit Application Programming Interface, we developed a system framework that extracts geometric and material information from BIM models and integrates the information with schedule information for formulating a dynamic construction site layout model. Material delivery and storage information is made available to supply chain members for planning and monitoring purpose. Our framework also considers the interior space inside the buildings under construction, which is important for construction sites with limited available space. A case example is demonstrated to validate the framework and demonstrate its potential for construction management. KW - Automation KW - building information modelling (BIM) KW - lean construction KW - logistics KW - site layout planning. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1158/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1158 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Call for New Research in the Lean Construction Community: Alternative Work Schedules C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 435 EP - 443 PY - 2015 AU - Nikolin, Brent AU - Herrera, Jason AU - McCready, Tom AU - Grau, David AU - Parrish, Kristen AD - Director, Turner Construction, 213.216.7869, bnikolin@tcco.com AD - Self-Perform Work Manager, DPR Construction, 949.230.6083, jasonh@dpr.com AD - Tom McCready, DPR Construction, 949.933.0386, tomm@dpr.com AD - Assistant Professor, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S. College Ave, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85287-3005, David.Grau@asu.edu AD - Assistant Professor, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S. College Ave, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85287-3005, Kristen.Parrish@asu.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - While there is considerable research performed in the construction industry on the loss of productivity after a 5 day / 8 hour a day work week there is very little research exploring productivity with fewer work hours. Other industries have shown that they are more productive working shorter weekly schedules. Indeed, if we can produce a quality product with fewer resources, value stream is improved and a leaner process executed. More importantly, if we can be safer and improve quality of life we are achieving the most important tenant of lean, respect for people. To reinforce such notion, data shows that the US is 3% less productive than the other top 10 most productive countries in the world even though the US workforce works 21% more hours. Several countries, such as the Netherlands and Denmark, who work 29 and 33 hours per week, respectively, have a higher quality of life and have similar or higher productivity. This paper presents both a theoretical basis for alternative work schedules in construction as well as the results of a survey administered to trade contractor personnel, illustrating the potential safety benefits of a schedule change. KW - Productivity KW - quality of life KW - safety KW - alternative work schedules (AWS) KW - waste. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1159/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1159 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Case Study on Causes and Consequences of Transportation Waste C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 444 EP - 453 PY - 2015 AU - Perez, Cristina T. AU - Sommer, Lucila AU - Costa, Dayana B. AU - Formoso, Carlos T. AD - M. Sc. Student of the Program in Environmental Urban Engineering, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil, +55 71 9709-1564, cristina.toca.perez@hotmail.es AD - Ph. D. Student of the Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, +55 51 8134-9896, englusommer@gmail.com AD - Dr., Assistant Professor, Department of Structural and Construction Engineering, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil, +55 71 3358-1023, dayanabcosta@ufba.br AD - Ph.D., Associate Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, +55 51 3308-3518, formoso@ufrgs.br ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Transportation is a waste category that has not been much explored in the literature on construction management. Moreover, the existing studies about it have focused mostly on its impacts and not on the causes. This paper aims to present the results of a second implementation of a method in order to identify, measure and characterize the transportation waste on physical flows of construction processes. A case study was performed in a residential building project, which involved the use of the Light Steel Frame technology. The research methods comprised the following sources of evidence: direct observation on site (work sampling and time studies), participant observation in planning meetings, and analysis of existing production control data. A database was produced containing a description of each transportation event, including pictures, causes, consequences, and its relationship with other types of waste, such as making-do, unfinished work, work-in-progress and rework. The main contributions of this study are concerned with the understanding of the nature of this type of waste, highlighting the classification of transportation waste causes, its main consequences and the relationships between this kind of waste and other ones KW - Waste KW - transportation waste KW - making-do KW - physical flow. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1160/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1160 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Case Study on Design Science Research as a Methodology for Developing Tools to Support Lean Construction Efforts C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 517 EP - 526 PY - 2015 AU - Smith, James P. AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Construction Science and Management, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, jps7@clemson.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Effective application of lean theory in construction generally requires tools and/or processes to facilitate implementation. Last Planner System®, A 3 problem solving, plus/delta and pull scheduling sessions are a few examples. These kinds of tools assist construction participants in making the shift from abstract theories to project application. As innovation in this area is constantly occurring in the lean community, methodologies for developing new tools warrant consideration and testing. Design Science Research (DSR) is a methodology that was strongly recommended by facilitators during the 2012 International Group for Lean Construction Summer School program in San Diego, CA. This paper uses a project that attempted to develop a trust-building tool as a case study to analyze the effectiveness of DSR as a methodology. The results of the project show support for the continued application of DSR methodology in the development of tools and processes supporting lean construction efforts. It was determined that the flexibility and iterative evaluation loop inherent to DSR were effective at providing a framework for the tool created in the case study project. However, the comparative need for time associated with iteration may limit interested researchers’ ability to apply DSR to future projects. KW - Lean construction KW - action learning KW - process KW - design science research KW - constructive research. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1161/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1161 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Conceptual Framework for the Prescriptive Causal Analysis of Construction Waste C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 454 EP - 461 PY - 2015 AU - Formoso, C. AU - Bølviken, T. AU - Rooke, J. AU - Koskela, L. AD - Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Phone +55 51 33083518, formoso@ufrgs.br AD - Director of Strategy, HR and HSE, Veidekke Entreprenør AS, P.O. Box 506 Skøyen, N-0214 Oslo, trond.bolviken@veidekke.no AD - Independent scholar, Manchester, U.K., j.a.rooke@eml.cc AD - Professor of Construction and Project Management, School of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Huddersfield, L.Koskela@hud.ac.uk ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - An initial step towards a prescriptive theory (a set of concepts) to inform the elimination of waste on construction projects. The ultimate intention is to identify the most important types and causes of waste in construction and outline the principal causal relations between them. This is not a straightforward process: the relationships form a complex network of chains and cycles of waste. Waste is defined as the use of more resources than needed, or an unwanted output from production. A conceptual schema of Previous Production Stage > Production Waste > Effect Waste is proposed and applied to the causal analysis of two major types of waste: material waste and making do. KW - Waste KW - value KW - value stream KW - causality KW - networks of waste PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1162/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1162 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Critical Review of the Safeguarding Problem in Construction Procurement: Unpicking the Coherent Current Model C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 309 EP - 318 PY - 2015 AU - Pasquire, Christine AU - Sarhan, Saad AU - King, Andrew AD - Professor of Lean Project Management, Head of the Centre for Lean Projects, School of Architecture Design and the Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4BU, Tel: +44 (0)115 848 2095, christine.pasquire@ntu.ac.uk AD - PhD Student, MSc Civil Engineer, Centre for Lean Projects, School of Architecture Design and the Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom, Nottingham NG1 4BU, Tel: +44 (0)7961757059, sarhan_com@hotmail.com or saad.sarhan2012@my.ntu.ac.uk AD - PhD, Programme Leader for MSc Quantity Surveying, Centre for Lean Projects, School of Architecture Design and the Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4BU, Tel: +44 (0)115 848 2511, andrew.king@ntu.ac.uk ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The construction industry has, over a long period, been criticised for its short term “hit-and-run” relationships which are focused on win-lose situations and poor performance. Despite the wide recognition of these problems the industry persistently resists the radical demanded of it. This paper attempts to investigate why this might be the case by reviewing prevailing safeguarding practices within the current commercial systems and structures through literature review and industry observation. Findings reveal that clients and decision makers often tend to safeguard their project-specific assets, against opportunism and exploitation, through the deployment of formal contractual arrangements and governance structures. These arrangements and structures typically dominate the management of the project delivery often to the detriment of the project itself; but because there is a belief that interests are safeguarded, clients and decision makers feel they have taken the best course of action. This goes a long way to explaining the coherence of the current construction model and provides the basic information for preparing a route to the radical change required to move to lean methodologies. KW - Waste KW - Procurement KW - Contracts KW - Opportunism KW - Transaction Cost Economics. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1163/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1163 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Deeper Look Into the Perception and Disposition to Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) in Colombia C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 297 EP - 306 PY - 2015 AU - Forero, Sebastian AU - Cardenas, Sebastian AU - Vargas, Hernando AU - Garcia, Camilo AD - Project Engineer, Urbansa S.A. Formerly Undergraduate Student, Civil Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia,(+57) 320 347 4934, sm.forero106@uniandes.edu.co AD - Graduate Student, Civil Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia,sa.cardenas420@uniandes.edu.co AD - Titular Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Department of Architecture, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia, Carrera 1 Este 19ª-40, ML 436,hvargas@uniandes.edu.co AD - Project Executive, DPR Construction. 2941 Fairview Park Drive, Falls Church, VA 22042,camilog@dpr.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) has been utilized as an alternative project delivery method by encouraging team collaboration, sharing risks/rewards, and more importantly, requiring trust and transparency amongst all stakeholders for projects in the United States. In Colombia, a traditional approach for delivery of projects is typically utilized under a Design/Bid/Build model with limited collaboration. This paper describes the analysis conducted to evaluate potential barriers of implementation of IPD concepts as a delivery method for construction projects in Colombia. The analysis conducted includes research of perceived cultural, financial, legal and technological barriers to stimulate the adoption of collaborative delivery models. It includes a survey and interviews with different stakeholders and industry members (developers, designers, construction managers and general contractors) to understand the benefits and shortcomings when engaging with collaborative methods. Survey results were evaluated by using correlational coefficient models to gauge dependencies among all factors identified as potential inhibitors of IPD. Detailed analyses of the findings as well as future steps for a successful implementation of IPD in Latin America, focused in the Colombian case study are discussed. KW - Integrated project delivery (IPD) KW - Colombia KW - South America KW - implementation barriers KW - collaboration KW - project management KW - trust KW - transparency KW - design/bid/build PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1164/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1164 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Lean Approach to Manage Production and Environmental Performance of Earthwork Operation C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 743 EP - 752 PY - 2015 AU - Belayutham, Sheila AU - González, Vicente AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, , Auckland 1142, New Zealand, +64022 163 1362, sbel594@aucklanduni.ac.nz AD - Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, +64 9903 4106, v.gonzalez@auckland.ac.nz ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Earthworks comprise of only a small number of activities, equipment and personnel but relatively large percentage of the total construction cost. Uncontrolled earthworks could increase risk to the environment, especially water pollution. Both production (time, cost and quality) and environmental measures are critical during earthworks and should be managed and improved holistically. Past researches have established the applicability of lean to improve the performance of production and environment in construction. However, limited results were shown for earthwork operations. Most lean based studies on earthworks focused on production planning and increasing productivity of the operation, neglecting the environmental emissions, particularly water pollution. Therefore, this paper aims to simultaneously improve the production and environmental performance (water pollution) of earthwork operations through the application of lean production. Thus, lean tools were used to recognize current production and environmental inefficiencies within an earthwork operation. Then, improvement strategies will be proposed in combination with common construction management practices such as site layout management and time planning to reduce and eliminate waste. The research findings could potentially provide direct production and environmental benefits to the construction industry as well as a safe and conducive setting to the public during construction. KW - Earthwork KW - production KW - environmental sustainability KW - lean construction KW - water pollution. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1165/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1165 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Measurement Model for Lean Construction Maturity C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 652 EP - 660 PY - 2015 AU - Nesensohn, Claus AU - Bryde, Dave AU - Pasquire, Christine AD - AD - AD - ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - At IGLC 2014 a Lean Construction Maturity Model (LCMM) was introduced. The LCMM comprises five maturity levels, eleven Key Attributes (KAs), and sixty defined Behaviours, Goals & Practices (BG&Ps); with 75 Ideal Statements to measure organisational maturity in the adoption of LC. Whilst recognizing that it is not necessary or desirable to derive a narrow and precise definition of LC – indeed there are many different ways in which an organisation may apply LC principles in practice, a degree of measurement is required in order to assess and where appropriate improve current practices. In the words of a well-known maxim: what get measured gets managed. This paper describes the research method used to validate the LCMM, which was done using focus groups, and presents the validated model. It also contributes to our understanding of the usefulness of measuring approaches to LC by using the LCMM to illustrate differentiating characteristics between organisations that are “mature” and “immature” in LC. KW - Lean construction KW - continuous improvement KW - transformation KW - maturity models KW - focus groups. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1166/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1166 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Production Control Tool for Coordination of Teams, Meetings and Managerial processes C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 113 EP - 122 PY - 2015 AU - Zegarra, Omar AU - Alarcón, Luis Fernando AD - PhD Candidate and Graduate Researcher at Centro de Excelencia en Gestión de Producción (GEPUC) at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. E-mail:ozegarra@uc.cl, (56 2) 354-4244 AD - PhD, Professor, Dep. of Construction Management Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Email: lalarcon@ing.puc.cl, (56 2) 354-4201, (56 2) 354 4244. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - During construction projects, the productive deployment of operations depends on the reliable supply of the production control function, where the proper coordination of teams, meetings and managerial processes is crucial for performance. Currently the use of the Last Planner System for providing this function has been successful; despite the importance it claims in the social domain, it does not explicitly regulate the coordination of teams and meetings with the managerial processes. In order to address this gap, we developed a prototype tool, based on a Multi- Domain Matrix, for handling and tracking the performance of these elements. This paper introduces the Matrix of Interacting Groups, which evaluates the interaction of teams, meetings and managerial processes during the production control function supply. It was initially tested in a Chilean housing project and it allows the identification of team members, meetings, processes, and provides insight into the system key properties. It enables a comprehensive description of the production control function and generates a framework for tracking and for potentially fine tuning it. Although the tool is still under development, it seems promissory for providing a high level and practical regulation of production control. KW - Production Planning KW - Control KW - Complexity KW - Design Structure Matrix KW - Coordination PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1167/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1167 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - An Analysis of Potential Misalignments of Commercial Incentives in Integrated Project Delivery and Target Value Design C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 277 EP - 286 PY - 2015 AU - Do, Doanh AU - Ballard, Glenn AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AD - M.S. Graduate, Civil and Environmental Engineering. 407 McLaughlin Hall, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA.doanhqdo@gmail.com AD - Research Director of the Project Production Systems Laboratory at the Univ. of California, Berkeley.ballard@ce.berkeley.edu AD - Research Director of the Project Production Systems Laboratory at the Univ. of California, Berkeley.ballard@ce.berkeley.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The misalignment of commercial incentives of a project delivery system can lead to client dissatisfaction, litigation, cost overruns, and adversarial relationships amongst project participants. Started in 2005, the goal of Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is to better align the commercial incentives of project participants in the AEC industry. Started in 2004, the goal of Target Value Design (TVD) is to steer the design and construction of the project to maximize customer value within project constraints. Recently, IPD and TVD have become more widely used in the United States’ AEC industry. In this paper, we ask the following question: What are the misalignments of commercial incentives that can occur with IPD and TVD? We identified misalignments on 6 IPD/TVD projects. Additionally, we used a creative brainstorming exercise to propose possible misalignments, which were not reported in the case studies. For AEC practitioners and owners, understanding the potential misalignments may help them avoid these problems on their projects. KW - Target value design KW - integrated project delivery KW - relational contract KW - incentives PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1168/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1168 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - An Inclusive Probabilistic Buffer Allocation Method C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 183 EP - 192 PY - 2015 AU - Poshdar, M. AU - González, V. A. AU - Belayutham, Sheila AD - MSc, PhD Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand (corresponding author). E-mail address: mpos814@aucklanduni.ac.nz AD - PhD, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. E-mail: v.gonzalez@auckland.ac.nz AD - MSc, PhD Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. E-mail address: sbel594@aucklanduni.ac.nz ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The use of buffers in construction presents a tension between theory and practice. From a lean theoretical standpoint, buffers represent waste while they are an elemental part of construction schedules in practice. As a result, a reasonable balance is required to be established between the undesirable waste created by overusing buffers, and high risk of time/cost overruns generated by the lack of buffers. The balanced allocation of buffers includes two main aspects: Determining the size and the location of buffers in the planned schedule. These two factors are significantly affected by the general scheduling policy undertaken to determine the start time of activities. Also, both factors are dependent on the selected set of objectives in the project. Traditional buffer allocation techniques in construction have been informal and often inconsistent in addressing the buffer balancing issues. In this paper, an Inclusive Probabilistic-based Buffer Allocation method (IPBAL) is proposed which applies a mathematically driven strategy to resolve the balanced state in using buffers in construction schedules. It suggests a solution for the multi-objective buffer allocation problem that also accounts for the general scheduling policy. Hence, the method enables shielding the project activities against variability that is one of the steps required to implement lean in construction. KW - Variability KW - Buffer KW - Time compression KW - Scheduling KW - Network analysis PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1169/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1169 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Analysis of Definitions and Quantification of Waste in Construction C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 723 EP - 732 PY - 2015 AU - Denzer, Michael AU - Muenzl, Nils AU - Sonnabend, Felix A. AU - Haghsheno, Shervin AD - Research Fellow, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49 721 608 45476, michael.denzer@kit.edu AD - Research Fellow, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49 721 608 44124, nils.muenzl@kit.edu AD - B.Sc. Student, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49 721 608 43650, felix-sonnabend@msn.com AD - Professor, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, +49 721 608 42646, shervin.haghsheno@kit.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Waste avoidance is an essential idea of the Lean philosophy, as this approach significantly contributes to maximize value from the customer’s perspective. Waste occurs in diverse forms, depending on the types of industry and of working processes. Elimination or reduction of waste to a certain extent requires the ability to identify waste and to make it transparent to the parties, involved in the working process. Based on a comprehensive literature review, existing fundamental and independently developed definitions of waste in Lean Management in general as well as in Lean Construction are presented and compared to each other. A systematic overview of waste definitions is developed. Within this context three specific characteristics are assigned to particular definitions. Furthermore, case studies and empirical studies from literature are presented, which focus on the identification and quantification of waste of time in the value chain of construction processes. Arguments, showing that different waste of time studies are not comparable, are brought forward. KW - Waste; lean construction; definition of waste; waste of work-time; theory PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1170/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1170 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Analysis of HVAC Subcontractor Mechanisms for JIT Materials Supply to a Construction Site C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 246 EP - 255 PY - 2015 AU - Viana, Daniela AU - Tillmann, Patrícia AU - Sargent, Zach AU - Tommelein, Iris AU - Formoso, Carlos AD - Ph.D, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Phone +55 51 33083518, danidietz@gmail.com AD - Lean Integration Specialist, Superior Air Handling, patricia.tillmann@superiorairhandling.com, +1 408-630-1320 AD - Vice President, Superior Air Handling, zach.sargent@superiorairhandling.com AD - Ph.D., Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (p2sl.berkeley.edu), 212 McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu AD - Ph.D., Associate Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Phone +55 51 33083518, formoso@ufrgs.br ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Industrialization has been pointed out as a major requirement to improve efficiency, quality, and safety in construction projects. Nonetheless, some of the side effects of industrialization are increasing the complexity of construction by including new technologies, engaging different subcontractors; increasing interdependencies between trades; and so forth. The aim of this paper is to develop a planning procedure for facilitating the integration between off-site fabrication and on-site installation, for achieving a just-in-time delivery, based on an action research study conducted with an HVAC subcontractor. It is part of a wider research project, aiming to develop a planning and control model for engineer-to-order (ETO) prefabricated building systems. The procedure developed in this research helped the team to review the schedule proposed by the GC in terms of constructability, get team consensus regarding installation sequence, improve communication between contractor and fabricators, support fabricators in defining fabrication rhythms and mix of production; and helped the project team solving logistic challenges. The main challenge faced in this research was related uncertainty and unforeseen changes to the developed plans. As a result, we also explored a way of tying fabrication plans to critical activities in the job site to facilitate matching fabrication rate with site demand. KW - ETO building systems KW - Feedback mechanisms KW - Production planning and control systems KW - Just-in-time KW - pull-production. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1171/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1171 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Analyzing the Interrelation Between Management Practices, Organizational Characteristics and Performance Indicators for Construction Companies C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 691 EP - 700 PY - 2015 AU - Castillo, Tito AU - Alarcón, Luis F. AU - Salvatierra, José AU - Alarcón, Daniela AD - PhD candidate, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Researcher Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ecuador, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile Phone +56 2 23547041, tocastillo@uc.cl AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Edificio San Agustín 3er Piso, Macul, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2 2354 4244, lalarcon@ing.puc.cl AD - Assistant professor of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Av. Ecuador 3659, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2 27182818, jose.salvatierra@usach.cl AD - Project Consultant, Production Management Consultants - GEPRO, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Edificio Mide UC 3er Piso, Macul, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2 2354 7050, dalarcon@gepro.cl ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Recent studies have established the importance of best management practices in company performance measured by productivity, safety and other performance indicators. Research about the relationship between the characteristics of the organization and its performance has not yet arrived to definitive conclusions. This research aims to examine the relationship between management practices, characteristics of organizations and the project performance. Knowing these relations is necessary to achieve better management strategies. This paper presents results of the first application of a benchmarking effort carried out among nine Chilean construction companies. Management practices, grouped in fifteen dimensions, were assessed from data obtained through surveys. Weighted average of the responses from each survey was used to obtain scores for each dimension. Social Network Analysis (SNA) was used to capture characteristics of the organization on relevant issues such as communication; planning and personal issues and its metrics were the input for the analysis performed. Project performance was measured using nine key performance indicators (KPI) that were periodically reported by the companies. Correlation analysis was used to analyse the relationship among management practices scores, social network metrics and KPIs. The results show significant relationships that can be useful to design performance improvement strategies for companies and projects. KW - Lean construction KW - flow KW - network KW - complex KW - SNA PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1172/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1172 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Application of Product Development Processes in the Early Phases of Real Estate Development: A Feasibility Study C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 589 EP - 598 PY - 2015 AU - Kron, Christian AD - Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing., Research Assistant, Institute of Construction Management, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, +49 (0)711 685 66159, christian.kron@ibl.uni-stuttgart.de ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The standardization of processes in the construction and real estate industry is one of the basic requirements for a secure implementation of lean principles in practice. An important element for real estate development is to realize building projects efficiently and successfully. Among other things the task of a project developer is to organize, coordinate and control the interdisciplinary collaboration between internal and external stakeholders. The project developer has in consequence a special role by crosslinking the functional value chain processes in the real estate project. This paper aims to provide an outline of a general approach to improve the quality of real estate development processes. By applying management methods of the product development processes (PDP) to the real estate development process, the possibility of errors should be reduced and interfaces should be optimized. The applicability of this product development processes in the early stages of real estate development will be demonstrated by way of example. KW - Process KW - product development KW - real estate development KW - kaizen PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1173/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1173 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Barriers and Success Factors in Lean Construction Implementation - Survey in Pilot Context C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 631 EP - 641 PY - 2015 AU - Cano, Sandra AU - Delgado, Jonathan AU - Botero, Luis AU - Rubiano, Oscar AD - PhD Student, Industrial Engineering. School of Industrial Engineering. Universidad del Valle. Calle 13 No 100-00, edificio 357. Cali, Colombia. +(57) (2) 3398462, sandra.cano@correounivalle.edu.co AD - Student, Civil Engineering. School of Civil Engineering. Universidad del Valle. Calle 13 No 100- 00, edificio 350. Cali, Colombia. +(57) (2) 3392086, jonathan.delgado@correounivalle.edu.co AD - Professor, School of Civil Engineering. Universidad EAFIT. Carrera 49 # 7 sur - 50, Medellín, Antioquia. +(57) (4) 2619500 Ext 9659, lfbotero@eafit.edu.co AD - Professor, School of Industrial Engineering. Universidad del Valle. Calle 13 No 100-00, edificio 357. Cali, Colombia. +(57) (2) 3212222 +(57) (2) 3212167 +(57) (2) 3398462, oscar.rubiano@correounivalle.edu.co ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The study identifies a set of barriers and critical success factors (CSF) involved in the implementation of Lean Construction (LC) through three phases: Literature's Collection, with analysis and obtained information processing; Characterization and classification of barriers and CSF associated with the implementation of LC; and Identification of barriers and CSF in construction companies in the Colombian context, based on their experiences in the implementation of LC. 83 academic articles published between 1998 and 2014 were examined, being identified 110 barriers and 51 CSF based on experiences of LC's application around the world. They were grouped into six "Master Factors": people, organizational structure, supply chain, external value chain, internal value chain and externalities. The obtained information from the data was analyzed using a cause-effect matrix and a structural analysis with MIC MAC method, and the most critical barriers and success factors were determined. Furthermore, the exploration in the pilot context demonstrated a common criticality in most of these factors, and it was shown that its appearance is related to the level of evolution of LC's application. KW - Barriers KW - Critical Success Factors KW - Lean Construction KW - Action learning KW - Commitment PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1174/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1174 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - BIM and Lean in the Design-Production Interface of ETO Components in Complex Projects C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 331 EP - 340 PY - 2015 AU - Tillmann, Patricia AU - Viana, Daniela AU - Sargent, Zach AU - Tommelein, Iris AU - Formoso, Carlos AD - Lean Integration Specialist, Superior Air Handling, patricia.tillmann@superiorairhandling.com, +1 408-630-1320 AD - PhD Candidate, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of AD - Vice President, Superior Air Handling, zach.sargent@superiorairhandling.com AD - Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (p2sl.berkeley.edu), 212 McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu AD - Associate Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil , +55 51 33083518, formoso@ufrgs.br ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - This paper presents a case study on a complex construction project that demanded a great level of prefabrication in order to meet a fast schedule and to overcome logistical challenges. The study was carried out with a mechanical contractor firm developing a series of Engineered-to-Order (ETO) components for the project. The objective of the research was to study the possibility of devising an integrated approach for production planning and control for this ETO environment. Two papers report on this research. The first one describes the methods used to plan in an integrated manner the prefabrication, delivery, and installation of ETO components at the job site. This second one discusses the use of BIM to support such integrated management and the challenges faced during its implementation. Finally, the paper describes how the team used lean construction principles to overcome some of these challenges. The contributions of this paper include, first, articulating challenges faced when using BIM on a complex project as a support to managerial practices and, second, illustrating the use of lean principles in the design-production interface as a means of leveraging BIM. KW - Building information modeling (BIM) KW - complex projects KW - design-production interface KW - engineered to order (ETO) KW - industrialization KW - production planning and control. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1175/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1175 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Bringing Lean Construction to Life: Developing Leaders, Consultants, Coaches, Facilitators, Trainers & Instructors C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 413 EP - 423 PY - 2015 AU - Mossman, Alan AD - Managing Director, The Change Business Ltd, UK, +44 7968 485 627 alanmossman@mac.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - There is a global shortage of competent and experienced individuals able to lead, coach, facilitate, train and provide consultancy support both internally and externally to clients, owners, constructors and designers who want to make a successful lean transformation of their enterprise or their projects. Demand exists within public and private sector clients and owners, as well as among design and construction enterprises and their professional advisers. If the shortage is not addressed there is the potential for the advance of lean thinking in construction to stall and lean construction to get a bad name as constructors and others seek to cut corners and pay lip service to lean as happened in UK (United Kingdom) 15 years ago. The aim of this paper is to begin a discussion of the skills and knowledge required by those who want to succeed in one or more of these roles. This essay reviews past lean construction leadership development actions and suggests a curriculum for those who want to develop the skills and knowledge required to excel in these roles. A delivery framework for a development program is proposed. The paper concludes with calls for further research and for action sooner rather than later to address the issues, preferably on a regional or global level rather than on a national one. The value of the paper for practitioners is that it suggests the range of skills and knowledge required to be effective which can help their own development and help assess and recruit internal and external consultants, etc; the benefit for scholars is the discussion of what might be included in undergraduate and higher degree curricula as well as ideas for post-experience, post-graduate course offerings aimed at this need. KW - Lean Construction KW - leadership KW - consultancy KW - coaching KW - facilitation KW - training KW - instructing PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1176/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1176 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Case Study on Design Management: Inefficiencies and Possible Remedies C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 547 EP - 557 PY - 2015 AU - Pikas, Ergo AU - Koskela, Lauri AU - Dave, Bhargav AU - Liias, Roode AD - Doctoral Student, Aalto University, School of Engineering, Otakaari 4, 00076 AALTO, Finland and Tallinn University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia., +372 56 455 953, ergo.pikas@aalto.fi. AD - Aalto University, School of Engineering, Otakaari 4, 00076 AALTO, Finland AD - Aalto University, School of Engineering, Otakaari 4, 00076 AALTO, Finland AD - Tallinn University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Delivering better products with a reduced lead time and less resources has become the primary focus of design management. The aim of this work is to revisit typical design management inefficiencies and discuss possible remedies for these problems. To this end, a case study and interviews with seven Estonian architects were carried out. The data obtained was analyzed within the framework of the transformation-flow-value theory of production. Despite its failure to deliver customer value, a single-minded transformation view of operations has been the dominant approach taken in design management and processes, leading to inefficiencies in design practices. KW - Design management KW - design inefficiencies KW - TFV conceptualization. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1177/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1177 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Comparing Different Approaches to Site Organization and Logistics: Multiple Case Studies C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 13 EP - 22 PY - 2015 AU - Skjelbred, Sondre AU - Fossheim, Magnus E. AU - Drevland, Frode AD - M.Sc Student, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 993 05 350, sondre.skjelbred@gmail.com AD - M.Sc Student, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 975 10 101, mfossheim@me.com AD - Assistant Professor, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 920 64 262, frode.drevland@ntnu.no ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Effective site organization and logistics is required to have an efficient production in construction projects. The same applies to the oil industry; it is absolutely necessary that the conditions are right for achieving efficient production. The oil industry and the construction industry operate under different circumstances, and have gained different experiences regarding the challenges of site organization and logistics. Four different cases from four different firms are presented in the paper. One case is from an offshore drilling contractor in Norway. Two cases are from the Norwegian Construction industry. The last case is from a Swedish consultancy firm, specializing in site organization and logistics in the construction industry. The case studies focus on how the different firms manage site organization and logistics to achieve an efficient production. Practices from both industries, and a generic list of lessons learned that is applicable to all construction projects are presented in the final section of the paper. KW - Lean construction KW - site organization KW - logistics KW - oil industry KW - construction industry PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1178/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1178 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Comparing Investments in Sustainability With Cost Reduction From Waste Due to Lean Construction C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 223 EP - 230 PY - 2015 AU - Saggin, Angela B. AU - Valente, Caroline P. AU - Mourão, Carlos Alexandre M. A. AU - Cabral, Antônio Eduardo B. AD - Civil Engineer, Lean and Green Coordinator, C. Rolim Engenharia, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, angela@crolim.com.br AD - Civil Engineer, M.Sc. candidate, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil, carolinevalente@gmail.com AD - Civil Engineer, Technical Director, C. Rolim Engenharia, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, alexandre@crolim.com.br AD - Civil Engineer, Associate Professor, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, eduardo.cabral@ufc.br ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The Architecture-Engineering-Construction industry shows some resistance in certifying (environmental labels) residential projects and applying lean construction practices due to uncertainty of its related costs and benefits. The most of the researches about green building certification costs are limited to commercial buildings. Few quantitative studies of cost reduction due to lean practices has been published so far. This paper presents a simplified comparative analysis between investments in sustainability and cost reduction due to reduction of materials’ waste on a residential project. The methodology consists of three steps: a documentation study to (1) quantify the extra costs with sustainable features in a LEED residential project and then (2) to determine the reduction of construction waste production by comparing the certified project with a similar building built prior the implementation of lean construction practices. (3) Finally, it was obtained green features and waste reduction costs impacts on the project’s final budget. This study resulted in two indicators, Green Cost and Lean Saving. The Green cost brought an increase of 1.32% on the initial budget due to green building certifications (LEED and INMETRO label) and the Lean Saving represented a 0.19% cost reduction on materials’ waste. Thus, the Lean Saving represents 14% of Green Cost. KW - Lean construction KW - sustainability KW - waste KW - green cost KW - lean saving PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1179/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1179 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Comparing Three Methods in the Tendering Procedure to Select the Project Team C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 267 EP - 276 PY - 2015 AU - Schöttle, Annett AU - Arroyo, Paz AU - Bade, Michael AD - 1 PhD Candidate. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technol. and Mgmt. in Construction (TMB), Am Fasanengarten, Geb. 50.31, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.Phone +49 721608-42168, annett.schoettle@kit.edu. Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Fritz Gehbauer, M.S. AD - Assistant Professor.Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.Phone +5622354-4244, parroyo@ing.puc.cl. AD - Associate Vice Chancellor. Capital Programs & Campus Architect, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 654 Minnesota Street, San Francisco CA 94143, USA. +1 415502-6460, michael.bade@ucsf.edu. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Normally, the selection of a project team is based on Weighting Rating Calculating (WRC) and often relies on only one factor; the cost factor. WRC is a method that allows for assessing multiple factors easily but the bidders’ differences may not be highlighted, since factors are weighted independently of the attributes. A more recent concept, which is based on WRC, is Best Value Selection (BVS). BVS is a method where the best value score is calculated as the bid price divided by the qualification score. Choosing By Advantage (CBA) is a multiple-criteria decision-making method based on advantages of alternatives. Advantages are compared in order to decide the importance of them. We argue that CBA provides further benefits for helping public clients to differentiate between bidders. A case was constructed, based on the tendering procedure of the project Mission Hall, to exemplify the differences of the three methods for bidder selection in the context of public tendering requirements. This paper presents the analysis and discusses the results of the simulated case. KW - Best value selection KW - choosing by advantage KW - weighting rating calculating KW - selection KW - tendering procedure KW - project team PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1180/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1180 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Comparison Between Location Based Management and Takt Time Planning C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 3 EP - 12 PY - 2015 AU - Frandson, Adam G. AU - Seppänen, Olli AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AD - PhD Student, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Afrandson@berkeley.edu AD - Professor of Practice, Civil and Structural. Engrg. Dept., Aalto University School of Engineering, Espoo, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi AD - Professor, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., and Director, Project Production Systems Lab., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Construction planning methods may or may not explicitly model space as a resource. This paper compares two methods that do. The first method is used in the Location Based Management System (LBMS). The second method is Takt Time Planning (TTP). Both are iterative design methods for planning and controlling construction work, both focus on creating a balanced production schedule with a predictable timing of work while also preventing spatial interference between trades, but they differ in how they achieve these goals. The contribution of this paper is to (1) highlight the similarities and differences between these two methods and (2) describe a proposal for future exploratory research to evaluate the systems using common metrics. KW - Location Based Management System (LBMS) KW - Line of Balance (LOB) KW - Takt Time Planning (TTP) KW - buffers KW - resource continuity. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1181/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1181 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Complexity in Designing Energy Efficient Buildings: Towards Understanding Decision Networks in Design C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 213 EP - 222 PY - 2015 AU - Pikas, Ergo AU - Koskela, Lauri AU - Thalfeldt, Martin AU - Dave, Bhargav AU - Kurnitski, Jarek AD - Doctoral Student, Aalto University, School of Engineering, Otakaari 4, 00076 AALTO, Finland and Tallinn University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia., +372 56 455 953, ergo.pikas@aalto.fi. AD - Aalto University, School of Engineering, Otakaari 4, 00076 AALTO, Finland. AD - Tallinn University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn. AD - Aalto University, School of Engineering, Otakaari 4, 00076 AALTO, Finland. AD - Aalto University, School of Engineering, Otakaari 4, 00076 AALTO, Finland. Tallinn University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Most important decisions for designing energy efficient buildings are made in the early stages of design. Designing is a complex interdisciplinary task, and energy efficiency requirements are pushing boundaries even further. This study analyzes the level of complexity for energy efficient building design and possible remedies for managing or reducing the complexity. Methodologically, we used the design structure matrix for mapping the current design tasks and hierarchical decomposition of lifecycle analysis for visualizing the interdependency of the design tasks and design disciplines and how changes propagate throughout the system, tasks and disciplines. We have visualized the interdependency of design tasks and design disciplines and how changes propagate throughout the system. Current design of energy efficiency building is a linear and one-shot approach without iterations planned into the process. Broken management techniques do not help to reduce the complexity. KW - Design structure matrix KW - design process KW - process models and modelling KW - complexity. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1182/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1182 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Constructible Bim Elements –a Root Cause Analysis of Work Plan Failures C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 351 EP - 360 PY - 2015 AU - Spitler, Laurie AU - Feliz, Tom AU - Wood, Nathan AU - Sacks, Rafael AD - Project Engineer, Turner Construction Company. Oakland, CA 94607,lspitler@tcco.com AD - Customer Engagement Manager, Autodesk, Inc., San Francisco, CA tom.feliz@autodesk.com AD - Innovation and Technology Specialist, DPR Construction, Redwood City, CA, nathanw@dpr.com AD - Professor, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.cvsacks@technion.ac.il ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The project Building Information Model (BIM), made up of component trade models, can be used to coordinate and sequence building elements prior to construction. The model should serve as a surrogate for prototyping the actual construction process and can also be used to implement the lean practice of filtering work for constraints prior to assigning work. The term ‘constructible BIM element’, referring to an element that can be built exactly as it is modeled, is defined to focus on the use of the model for constraint removal and visual planning. Using an in-depth case study, incomplete assignments from Weekly Work Plans were identified and their root causes were mapped onto their associated BIM objects. This spatial analysis makes explicit and begins to quantify the connection between constructability of BIM elements and the variability of work execution in the field. Learning from the underlying patterns, the authors propose process changes for teams to more effectively identify constructability issues in BIM models, and thus leverage the BIM process to improve the reliability of field work planning. KW - Building information modeling (BIM) KW - constructability KW - root cause analysis KW - weekly work plan PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1183/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1183 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Construction and Demolition Waste Management Using BIM Technology C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 381 EP - 390 PY - 2015 AU - Cheng, Jack C.P. AU - Won, Jongsung AU - Das, Moumita AD - Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, +852 2358-8186, cejcheng@ust.hk AD - Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, +852 9732-7699,jongsungwon@ust.hk AD - PhD Candidate, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, +852 9414-6893,mdas@ust.hk ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The amount of waste generated in construction and demolition (C&D) processes is enormous. Construction wastes are mainly generated due to improper design, poor procurement and planning, inefficient material handling, residues of raw materials, and unexpected changes in building design. Building information modelling (BIM) can efficiently manage the C&D waste by avoiding design problems, changes, and rework. This paper investigates the potential of BIM technology for supporting building design and construction processes to manage C&D waste. In particular, BIM-based approaches that can reduce, reuse, recycle, and manage construction waste through clash detection, quantity take-off, planning of construction activities, site utilization planning, and prefabrication are proposed in this paper. KW - Building information modeling (BIM) KW - collaboration KW - process KW - waste management KW - work flow. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1184/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1184 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Contract Models and Compensation Formats in the Design Process C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 599 EP - 608 PY - 2015 AU - Kristensen, Kine AU - Lædre, Ola AU - Svalestuen, Fredrik AU - Lohne, Jardar AD - M.Sc. student, NTNU, - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway/ Engineer, COWI AS, + 47 951 19 899, kinekris@stud.ntnu.no AD - Associate Professor, dr.ing., - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, + 47 911 89 938, ola.ladre@ntnu.no AD - Ph.D. Candidate, NTNU, – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway/Design Manager,Veidekke Entreprenør AS, + 47 986 73 172, fredrik.svalestuen@ntnu.no AD - Research Scientist, dr.art., NTNU, - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 934 44 930, jardar.lohne@ntnu.no ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - This paper presents the most common contract models and compensation formats for the design process, and considers to what extent they give the designers the best opportunity to maximize value for the customer and minimizing waste in the design process. The presented results are based on literature review combined with a study of documentation and interviews with key personnel, into Norwegian projects. Findings show that lump sum and cost reimbursement are the most commonly used compensation formats for design. The most commonly used contract models are Prime Contract and Multi-Party Contract. From the case studies, it emerges that the designers’ challenges do not lie in the contract model itself, but rather in whom they respond to – the client or the contractor. The paper further finds design-bid-build combined with cost reimbursement to be most favourable in the early iterative stages, where the scope is poorly defined and/or characterized by a flow of new information. The design-build contract combined with lump sum is more favourable in later sequential stages, when the scope is well defined. However, if the process is still characterized with constantly new information, cost reimbursement are highly recommended. KW - Contract KW - contract models KW - compensation formats KW - design management KW - lean design PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1185/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1185 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Dynamic Benefits Maximization Model for Renovation Works of Landed Residential Properties in Malaysia C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 803 EP - 814 PY - 2015 AU - Gomez, Christy P. AU - Raji, Abdulazeez U. AD - Assoc. Professor, Department of Construction Management, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia. 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia, Phone +60125377247, cpgomez@uthm.edu.my AD - PhD Student, Department of Real-estate and Facilities Management, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Phone + 601126661524, gp140062@siswa.uthm.edu.my ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - In Malaysia, landed residential building design for mass housing has been influenced by the orientation towards a “seller’s market, without prioritizing the changing needs of the owner-occupant. This has contributed to the growing trend of having to “remodel” homes that is currently dominated by “low-value adding practices” that are embedded within traditional benefits realization principles, amounting to brief freezing. There is a disregard for client’s engagement at the construction phase, wherein the client is constrained by the practice of restrictive benefits realizations. This issue is underlined by a predominant positivist orientation to the issue of client participation that does not recognize residential housing client’s ability for competency acquisition in realigning requirements to maximize benefits. This paper proposes that value maximization for such a client can best be achieved through dynamic engagement with the renovation contractor to allow for value-driven ‘disruptive innovation’ practice during the construction phase. Focusing on requirements capture as a process rather than an output, it is proposed that client’s requirements can be realigned to maximize benefits based on a dynamic benefits realization model. This issue of benefits maximization is viewed from a social science perspective of primary stakeholder engagement within a legitimate peripheral mode of participation acting from within a community of practice whilst operating in a relational contracting environment. KW - Benefits realization KW - disruptive innovation KW - renovation works KW - relational contracting. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1186/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1186 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Ethics of the Design Phase – a Descriptive Approach C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 609 EP - 618 PY - 2015 AU - Svalestuen, Fredrik AU - Lohne, Jardar AU - Knotten, Vegard AU - Lædre, Ola AD - Ph.D. Candidate, NTNU, – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway/Design Manager,Veidekke Entreprenør AS, + 47 986 73 172, fredrik.svalestuen@ntnu.no AD - Researcher, dr.art., NTNU, - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 922 93 110, jardar.lohne@ntnu.no AD - PhD Candidate/ Design Manager NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology/ Veidekke Entreprenør, Trondheim, Norway, +4791842758, Vegard.knotten@ntnu.no AD - Associate Professor, dr.ing., - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, + 47 911 89 938, ola.ladre@ntnu.no ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - This paper reports on a pilot study on the design phase in Norwegian construction projects using elements from lean construction approaches. The ambition has been to establish a descriptive picture of ethical challenges in the design phase in general, and of projects characterized by lean design in particular. In addition to a literature review and a document study, interviews with key participants were carried out according to a qualitative approach. The study was undertaken in order to address both general questions of ethics in construction project management, and more specific questions pertaining to the design phase of such projects. This research finds indications of actors manoeuvring in the design phase for own benefit at the expense of other actors. The findings indicate that the design phase poses significant challenges in light of tender documents pricing and exploiting cost reimbursement contracts. In some of the projects examined, participants were found to shift loyalty after transfer of contracts and they actively tried to steer the decision processes in their own favour. There does in fact seem to be a room of manoeuvre between what is unlawful and what is ethically sound in this phase. KW - Ethics KW - design KW - lean design KW - hidden agendas KW - trust. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1187/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1187 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Expected Lean Effects of Advanced High-Rise Formwork Systems C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 83 EP - 92 PY - 2015 AU - Ibrahim, Hisham A. Abou AU - Hamzeh, Farook R. AD - PhD. Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, +961 3 900695, haa131@mail.aub.edu AD - Assistant Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, + 961 1 350000 ext 3616, fax: + 61 1 744462, Farook.Hamzeh@aub.edu.lb ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The selection of formwork systems in high-rise buildings is often governed by their competence in optimizing concrete activities in an isolated manner, without relating this choice to the entire construction workflow. Known research efforts do not address this important aspect in analyzing high-rise formwork technologies, and formwork selection is usually left to constructors’ experience, and corresponding organizational knowledge. In this context, this paper studies the role of formwork systems in high-rise construction from a lean perspective and analyzes this role in shaping not only the progress of concrete activities, but the entire construction sequence. Employing lean concepts, the paper investigates advanced high-rise formwork systems versus traditional ones to better advise scholars and practitioners. Results highlight the importance of advanced high-rise formwork systems in streamlining the workflow of concrete and other downstream activities, allowing for more waste reduction, smaller work batches, less inventory, and safer working environment. This study is a conceptual framework for future related works involving case studies and field investigations, and may be further developed to target more aspects of high-rise construction. KW - Workflow KW - Logistics Planning KW - Inventory Control KW - Waste Reduction KW - Safety PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1188/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1188 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploring the Implementation of the Last Planner® System Through IGLC Community: Twenty One Years of Experience C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 153 EP - 162 PY - 2015 AU - Daniel, Emmanuel I. AU - Pasquire, Christine AU - Dickens, Graham AD - PhD Research Student/ Research Associate, Centre for Lean Projects, School of Architecture, Design and Built; Environment, Nottingham Trent University, UK emmanuel.daniel2013@my.ntu.ac.uk AD - Professor, School of Architecture, Design and Built Environment, and Director Centre for Lean Projects, Nottingham Trent University, UK christine.pasquire@ntu.ac.uk AD - Senior Lecturer, School of Architecture, Design and Built Environment, Projects, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4BU, United Kingdom, graham02dickens@ntu.ac.uk ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - There is robust evidence that the level of implementation of the Last Planner® System (LPS) is increasing geographically and geometrically in construction. The International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC) community has reported this growth at IGLC conferences over this period. However, no study has explored how the LPS and its implementation has developed or improved. This study explored developments in the LPS from the review of IGLC conference papers. Qualitative research design utilising content analysis was adopted for this study comprising 57 IGLC reports on LPS implementation across 16 countries. The study reveals components of LPS implemented, with measuring of PPC, Weekly Work Planning meeting and recording reasons for non-completion the most reported. The study developed a timeline for the LPS development and revealed that some of the papers reviewed have no defined methodology. The study concludes that the LPS has developed in terms of its level of implementation, theory development, and as a vehicle to improve construction management practice across the major continents of the world, with elements that had little presence at the onset now prominent. The study recommends that more attention should be given to the relationship between practical applications and research methods to aid the establishment of sound theory to improve practice. KW - Last Planner® System KW - implementation KW - lean construction KW - IGLC KW - production control. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1189/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1189 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Formwork Standardization and Production Flow: Lessons From an Affordable Housing Project in Ecuador C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 53 EP - 59 PY - 2015 AU - Martinez, Eder H. AU - Alvear, Ariana M. AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AU - Ballard, Glenn AD - PhD Student, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Engrg, and Project Mgmt. Program, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, +1 510 926-7210, edermartinezv@gmail.com AD - MS, Engrg, and Project Mgmt., Project Manager, VillaHermosa Project, Duran, Ecuador, +593 98-998-8324, ariana.alvear@villahermosa.ec AD - Professor, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Director of the Project Production Systems Lab., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, +1 510 643-8678, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu AD - Research Director of the Project Production Systems Lab., Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, +1 415 710-5531, ballard@ce.berkeley.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Latin America and the Caribbean are experiencing a severe housing shortage. The construction industry plays a pivotal role in housing provision and must find means to increase output and productivity in housing construction. However, inefficient production techniques, commonly associated with the building industry, exacerbate the problem. Adopting standardization and industrialization practices is seen as an option in scaling up production. Nevertheless, the complex nature of the industry (e.g., the uniqueness of projects and uncertainty) poses challenges when implementing standardization approaches in housing construction. Particularly, formwork standardization requires advanced planning and coordination across project delivery stages. Such synchronization is fundamental to balancing the production flow and optimizing the standardization process. This paper presents the case study of VillaHermosa, an Ecuadorian affordable housing developer exploring formwork standardization in the construction of reinforced concrete housing units. The authors describe their standardization process, the challenges faced by the company, the results and the lessons learned from the experience, as well as a topic for future study KW - Lean construction KW - formwork standardization KW - production flow KW - production balancing KW - affordable housing KW - collaborative design. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1190/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1190 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Guidelines for Practice and Evaluation of Sustainable Construction Sites: A Lean, Green and Wellbeing Integrated Approach C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 773 EP - 782 PY - 2015 AU - Vasconcelos, Iuri Aragão de AU - Cândido, Luis Felipe AU - Heineck, Luiz Fernando Mählmann AU - Neto, José de Paula Barros AD - Master Degree at Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil, iuriav.ufc@gmail.com AD - Master Degree at Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil, iuriav.ufc@gmail.com AD - Master Degree at Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil, iuriav.ufc@gmail.com AD - Master Degree at Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil, iuriav.ufc@gmail.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Sustainability is addressed through the triple bottom line concept, bringing together economic, environmental and social issues, related management actions and their impacts for better building sites. Lean concepts are incorporated into the economic side of the model, while a new concept – wellbeing – expands the social pillar. Green attributes render themselves naturally to the environmental part of the triple bottom line approach. A model to evaluate how and in what degree lean, green and wellbeing concepts are being applied in site layout managing is developed using Design Science Research (DSR) propositions. This procedure is tested in three different sites in the city of Fortaleza, in the Brazilian northeast region. Results point out that the model artifact obtained through DSR is capable of synthesizing a huge number of variables both in terms of possible management actions and in terms of their sustainability outcomes. Graphical displays help to guide how sustainability might improve over time, either evaluating individual sites against their previous records or benchmarking different building projects. KW - Sustainability KW - triple bottom line KW - lean construction KW - green KW - wellbeing KW - performance evaluation. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1191/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1191 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - How Tablets Can Improve Communication in Construction Projects C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 391 EP - 401 PY - 2015 AU - Harstad, Erle AU - Lædre, Ola AU - Svalestuen, Fredrik AU - Skhmot, Nawras AD - M.Sc., Dept. of Civil and Transport Engineering, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 95011205, erleharstad@gmail.com AD - Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Transport Engineering, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 911 89 938, ola.ladre@ntnu.no AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil and Transport Engineering, NTNU/VeidekkeEntreprenør AS, Norway, +47 986 73 172, fredrik.svalestuen@ntnu.no AD - Project Engineer, VeidekkeEntreprenør AS, Norway, +47 414 09 992, nawskh@blockberge.no ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Lack of adequate communication tools can cause information losses in construction projects. The most efficient way for construction personnel to manage information on sites is to retrieve information at the point where they are and at the time when they need it. This has been difficult to achieve as information management normally involves paper-based documents. However, the rapid development of mobile information and communication technologies are offering new possibilities for portability and access to information at the construction sites. This paper aims at exploring the effect tablets have on communication in construction projects, through a literature study, a document study, and an exploratory study with interviews of different key stakeholders in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. The result of this study shows that tablets can enrich the communication between design and construction practitioners, and help reduce waste such as unnecessary transportation and rework caused by errors due to old, wrong and irrelevant drawings. However, tablets also entail initial costs of training and equipment, and is highly dependent on internet accessibility. This study can help AEC practitioners and academics to understand the strengths/challenges of using tablets as a communication tool at the construction site. KW - Lean construction KW - waste KW - flow KW - tablets KW - communication PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1192/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1192 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - How to Make Shared Risk and Reward Sustainable C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 257 EP - 266 PY - 2015 AU - Ballard, Glenn AU - Dilsworth, Blake AU - Do, Doanh AU - Low, Wayne AU - Mobley, James AU - Phillips, Philip AU - Reed, Dean AU - Sargent, Zach AU - Tillmann, Patricia AU - Wood, Nathan AD - Research Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, ballard@ce.berkeley.edu,+1 415-710-5531 AD - Principal, KPFF Structural Engineers, Blake.Dilsworth@kpff.com AD - PhD student, Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, doanhqdo@gmail.com, +1 714-622-9754 AD - Principal, Degenkolb Engineering, walow@degenkolb.com AD - Principal, Devenney Group, jmobley@devenneygroup.com, +1 602-343-0074 AD - VP/Operations, Southland Industries, pphillips@southlandind.com, +1 510-477-3300 AD - Director for Lean Construction, DPR Construction, deanr@dprinc.com, +1 650-207-3486 AD - Vice President, Superior Air Handling, zach.sargent@superiorairhandling.com AD - Lean Integration Specialist, Superior Air Handling, patricia.tillmann@superiorairhandling.com, +1 408-630-1320 AD - BIM Integration Specialist, DPR Construction, nathanw@dpr.com, +1 650-454-5334 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - This paper is about restoring confidence in shared risk and reward. In such projects, characterized by multiparty contracts, clients bear the risk of costs exceeding budgets and the project’s design professionals and constructors risk doing the work for no profits. A small chance of either occurring might dissuade the parties from embracing shared risk and reward contracts. In a recent study by the authors, of four shared risk and reward projects, one exceeded budget. The client paid 6.4% more than expected and the risk pool members made no profit. Adding other shared risk and reward projects on which the authors companies have worked, the failure rate was 15%. Compared to traditional practice, clients may have received value for money even on these failed projects and so want to continue shared risk and reward, but may be unable to attract more experienced companies in the face of this probability of profit failure. The objective of this paper is to identify the factors that contributed to the failures and to propose counter measures to prevent reoccurrence. Failure to follow target value design principles is found to be a primary contributor to cost overruns on shared risk and reward projects. KW - Countermeasures KW - integrated project delivery KW - shared risk and reward KW - sustainability KW - target value design PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1193/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1193 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Identification of Repetitive Processes at Steady- and Unsteadystate: Transfer Function C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 793 EP - 802 PY - 2015 AU - Antunes, Ricardo AU - González, Vicente A. AU - Walsh, Kenneth AD - Ph.D. candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - University of Auckland, New Zealand, rsan640@aucklanduni.ac.nz AD - Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - University of Auckland, New Zealand, v.gonzalez@auckland.ac.nz AD - Dean, SDSU-Georgia, San Diego State University, Tbilisi, Georgia, kwalsh@mail.sdsu.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Projects are finite terminating endeavors with distinctive outcomes, usually, occurring under transient conditions. Nevertheless, most estimation, planning, and scheduling approaches overlook the dynamics of project-based systems in construction. These approaches underestimate the influence of process repetitiveness, the variation of learning curves and the conservation of processes’ properties. So far, estimation and modeling approaches have enabled a comprehensive understanding of repetitive processes in projects at steady-state. However, there has been little research to understand and develop an integrated and explicit representation of the dynamics of these processes in either transient, steady or unsteady conditions. This study evaluates the transfer function in its capability of simultaneously identifying and representing the production behavior of repetitive processes in different state conditions. The sample data for this research comes from the construction of an offshore oil well and describes the performance of a particular process by considering the inputs necessary to produce the outputs. The result is a concise mathematical model that satisfactorily reproduces the process’ behavior. Identifying suitable modeling methods, which accurately represent the dynamic conditions of production in repetitive processes, may provide more robust means to plan and control construction projects based on a mathematically driven production theory. KW - Production KW - process KW - system identification KW - transfer function KW - system model KW - theory; PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1194/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1194 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Implementation Strategies in Large Infrastructure Projects C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 319 EP - 328 PY - 2015 AU - Opsahl, Hanne AU - Torp, Olav AU - Lædre, Ola AU - Andersen, Bjørn AU - Olsson, Nils AD - M.Sc. Student, Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, NTNU AD - Assoc. Prof., Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, NTNU AD - Assoc. Prof., dr. Eng., Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, NTNU AD - Prof., dr. Eng., Department of Production and Quality Engineering, NTNU AD - Prof., dr. Eng., Department of Production and Quality Engineering, NTNU ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Clients want to improve the innovation and efficiency in infrastructure projects, and thereby reduce time and money spent on construction and maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to present and compare experiences with new implementation strategies in infrastructure projects, and to identify how the different strategies contribute to innovation and efficiency. As the complexity of infrastructure projects are increasing along with their magnitude, there is a need to gather international and national experiences with untraditional implementation strategies. This will result in a recommendation to which strategies that best fit a complex, large-scale project. The results are based on a literature review and case studies, hereunder document studies and interviews with key personnel from the cases. Investigated implementation strategies and types of contract involve use of competitive dialogue, public private partnership-arrangements, design and build with maintenance responsibility and partnering. Strengths and weaknesses of the investigated implementation strategies have been charted based on experiences from large-scale projects. The paper concludes that the investigated strategies fall short of providing the desired focus on innovation. KW - Implementation strategies KW - complexity KW - waste KW - infrastructure KW - value PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1195/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1195 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Improvement Opportunity in the Design Process of a Social Housing Developer C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 558 EP - 565 PY - 2015 AU - Mourgues, Claudio AU - Norero, Hugo AD - Assistant Professor, Construction Engineering and Management Dept., Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, +56-2-2354-4245, cmourgue@ing.puc.cl AD - OVAL, Construction and Development Company, Chile, hugonorero@gmail.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The design process in social housing projects includes several inefficiencies that impact not only the design itself but the whole project results. Part of the problem is that the design includes several non-value adding activities such as waits, design modifications, and rework. Preliminary data from a case study in this research shows that deliverable control; work team coordination, communication and integration; personnel workload; and work planning and allocation are the main drivers of a good design in these projects. On the other hand, existing literature suggests the use of lean philosophy to improve the design but there is no evidence of how lean could be used in the context of social housing design. Therefore, this research assesses the most relevant drivers from the identified list for a case study and proposes and tests the use of Last Planner System and Collaborative Design to address these drivers to support social housing design. The article describes the case study context and discusses the results from the interviews and surveys used to identify the main drivers for a good design. The article also proposes a lean design process and the validation methodology which is still to be implemented. KW - Social housing KW - lean design KW - last planner system KW - collaborative design PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1196/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1196 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Improving Design Workflow With the Last Planner System:Two Action Research Studies C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 568 EP - 574 PY - 2015 AU - Khan, Sheriz AU - Tzortzopoulos, Patricia AD - PhD Candidate, School of Art, Design and Architecture, Department of Architecture and 3D Design, University of Huddersfield, Queen Street Studios, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, England, United Kingdom. Telephone +1 (321) 674-0309, sherizkhan@yahoo.com AD - Professor, School of Art, Design and Architecture, Department of Architecture and 3D Design, University of Huddersfield, Queen Street Studios, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, England , United Kingdom. Fax: (+44) 01484 472440, p.tzortzopoulos@hud.ac.uk ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Variability in workflow during the design stage of building projects has been widely acknowledged as a problem related to poor planning and control of design tasks and has been identified as a major cause of delay in building projects. The Last Planner system (LPS) of production planning and control helps to create predictable and reliable workflow by enabling the management of the range of relationships, interfaces and deliverables involved in a project. This paper presents results of implementing LPS in design to minimize variability in workflow within BIM-based building design projects. Action research was used to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of LPS weekly work planning (WWP) to improve workflow during the design development phase of two building design projects. The research was carried out with the collaboration between design practitioners at two building design firms in Florida and the researchers as facilitators. Overall PPC (Percent Plan Complete) measurements suggest that design workflow improved in both projects after WWP was implemented. However, efforts to use BIM in a lean way in the two projects (discussed in detail in an IGLC22 conference paper by the authors of this paper) were believed to be partly responsible for the improvement in design workflow. KW - Design workflow variability KW - LPS KW - BIM PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1197/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1197 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Improving Integrated Planning for Offshore O&M Projects With Last Planner® Principles C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 173 EP - 182 PY - 2015 AU - Frandson, Adam G. AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AD - PhD Student, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Afrandson@berkeley.edu AD - Professor, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Director of the Project Production Systems Lab., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA,, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The operation and maintenance of offshore energy projects requires careful planning across multiple time horizons, business units, and companies. Integrated Planning and Logistics (IPL) is a system used to help meet this requirement. This research compares an IPL system in use, as well as existing literature, with a mature planning artifact in construction, namely the Last Planner® System (LPS). The research hypothesis was that implementing Last Planner principles could improve IPL system performance. Despite the challenging environmental conditions inherent to offshore work, data from 30 projects revealed that over 90% of not successfully completed activities failed due to causes related to ineffective planning. Research findings indicate that it would be beneficial to include Last Planner® principles in IPL systems. This paper concludes by presenting a hypothesis to test during further deployment of IPL systems on current or new projects. KW - Last Planner® System KW - Production management KW - Operation Planning KW - Integrated Planning and Logistics PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1198/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1198 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Instantask: Designing a Visual Application for Enabling Agile Planning Response C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 23 EP - 32 PY - 2015 AU - Daou, Emile AU - Gharzouzi, Paul AU - Sreih, Edwin AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - Undergraduate Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, ebd01@mail.aub.edu AD - Undergraduate Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, pgg00@mail.aub.edu AD - Undergraduate Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, ers08@mail.aub.edu AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 406E Bechtel, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon, fh35@aub.edu.lb ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - In modern construction projects, reliable planning is of paramount importance. However, despite good planning practices, new tasks not mentioned on the lookahead schedule frequently appear during the week of execution. These new tasks are an added burden to the work plan and will ultimately impact construction workflow. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of “Instantask”, as a mobile application addressing this problem. “Instantask” attempts to facilitate an agile response to these unplanned tasks by making them visible to its users as soon as they are noticed and recorded. The users represent all concerned project participants: managers, site engineers, foremen, and tradesmen. The proposed application aims at enhancing fast, clear, and effective coordination between users to mobilize the action plan needed to address these new tasks on site. Additionally, the application will track and document the emergence of these tasks to improve future planning activities. The paper presents a prototype user interface of the application. The benefits of using “Instantask” are tested by conducting a social network analysis comparison via SocNetV. The paper highlights that firms already adopting lean construction practices or those companies in the beginning stages of implementing them would greatly benefit from this application. KW - Instantask KW - visual management KW - new/emergent tasks KW - lookahead KW - Last Planner System PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1199/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1199 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrating Task Fragmentation and Earned Value Method Into the Last Planner System Using Spreadsheets C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 63 EP - 71 PY - 2015 AU - Ponz-Tienda, José L. AU - Pellicer, Eugenio AU - Alarcón3, Luis F. AU - Rojas-Quintero, Juan S. AD - Assistant Professor, Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Director of Construction Engineering and Management, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, (57-1) 3324312, jl.ponz@uniandes.edu.co AD - Associate Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de València, Valencia, Spain, (34) 963879562, pellicer@upv.es AD - Professor, Dept. of Construction Engineering and Management, Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile, (56-2) 2354 4201, lalarcon@ing.puc.cl AD - Instructor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, (57-1) 3324312, js.rojas128@uniandes.edu.co ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Construction schedulers make use of several tools as project management software of general purpose and spreadsheets for applying the Last Planner System of Production Control. This widespread practice has the disadvantage of working with questionable algorithms and models difficult to adapt to the construction industry, besides having to work with disconnected and complex information to manage data. In this paper a new layout and computation of multidimensional non-cyclic directed graphs based on its adjacency matrices is presented. All the precedence relationships are considered, in addition to the optimal and discretionary fragmentation of task in real conditions with work and feeding restrictions. This approach has been implemented with Visual Basic for Excel. A new approach for the representation and computation of projects for the Last Planner System of Production Control is presented. This approach is integrated with the management of the Earned Value and ad-hoc complex optimization. LPSTM, CPM, EVM and PPC are found to be complementary, and the Zaderenko´s algorithm modified and implemented in Excel can be used to integrate them. KW - Lean construction KW - Last Planner System KW - Construction Scheduling with spreadsheets. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1200/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1200 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Integration of Last Planner System and Location-Based Management System C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 123 EP - 132 PY - 2015 AU - Seppänen, Olli AU - Modrich, Ralf-Uwe AU - Ballard, Glenn AD - Professor of Practice, Civil and Structural. Engrg. Dept., Aalto University School of Engineering, Espoo, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi AD - Director of Process Integration, Webcor Builders, San Francisco, CA, rmodrich@webcor.com AD - Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, ballard@ce.berkeley.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The Last Planner System (LPS) and Location-Based Management System (LBMS) are both lean planning and controlling tools. A combination of these systems would bring much greater benefits than stand-alone implementations. However, previous research attempting to combine these methods has not been on sufficient level of detail for actual implementation. The goal of this research is to develop a combined workflow for master planning, phase planning, look-ahead planning and weekly planning. The workflow is demonstrated through the use of a simple example from a case study project. Master scheduling clearly belongs to the domain of LBMS; time and weekly planning is clearly within the domain of LPS. Phase scheduling can include components from both systems but integration is straightforward. The biggest opportunities for improvement exist in progress tracking, forecasting, control action and look-ahead planning phase where LBMS and LPS both have important independent contributions and their combination is not trivial. The paper attempts to better define the inputs and outputs of each system in each phase to come up with a unified solution. A case study example will help practitioners implement the combined method. KW - Last planner system KW - Location-based management KW - production planning KW - production control PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1201/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1201 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Intelligent Products: Shifting the Production Control Logic in Construction (With Lean and BIM) C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 341 EP - 350 PY - 2015 AU - Dave, Bhargav AU - Kubler, Sylvain AU - Pikas, Ergo AU - Holmström, Jan AU - Singh, Vishal AU - Främling, Kary AU - Koskela, Lauri AU - Peltokorp, Antti AD - Senior Researcher, Civil and Structural Engineering Dept, Aalto University, Finland,+358 50 4364717,bhargav.dave@aalto.fi AD - PostDoc, Researcher, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland AD - Ph.D Candidate, Civil and Structural Engineering Dept., Aalto University, Finland,Ergo.Pikas@aalto.fi AD - Professor, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland,+358 50 5980451, Kary.Framling@aalto.fi AD - Assistant Professor, Civil and Structural Engineering, Aalto University, Finland,vishal.singh@aalto.fi AD - Professor, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland,+358 50 5980451, Kary.Framling@aalto.fi AD - Professor, Civil and Structural Engineering, Aalto University, Finland,lauri.koskela@aalto.fi AD - Assistant Professor, Civil and Structural Engineering, Aalto University, Finland. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Production management and control in construction has not been addressed/updated ever since the introduction of Critical Path Method and the Last Planner® system. The predominant outside-in control logic and a fragmented and deep supply chain in construction significantly affect the efficiency over a lifecycle. In a construction project, a large number of organisations interact with the product throughout the process, requiring a significant amount of information handling and synchronisation between these organisations. However, due to the deep supply chains and problems with lack of information integration, the information flow down across the lifecycle poses a significant challenge. This research proposes a product centric system, where the control logic of the production process is embedded within the individual components from the design phase. The solution is enabled by a number of technologies and tools such as Building Information Modelling, Internet of Things, Messaging Systems and within the conceptual process framework of Lean Construction. The vision encompasses the lifecycle of projects from design to construction and maintenance, where the products can interact with the environment and its actors through various stages supporting a variety of actions. The vision and the tools and technologies required to support it are described in this paper KW - Building Information Modelling (BIM) KW - intelligent products KW - lean construction KW - building lifecycle management PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1202/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1202 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Interplay of Lean Thinking and Social Dynamics in Construction C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 681 EP - 690 PY - 2015 AU - González, Vicente A. AU - Sacks, Rafael AU - Pavez, Ignacio AU - Poshdar, Mani AU - Alon, Lola Ben AU - Priven, Vitaly AD - Visiting Scholar, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. E-Mail: v.gonzalez@auckland.ac.nz AD - Assoc. Professor and Head, Department of Structural Engineering and Construction Management, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. E-Mail: cvsacks@technion.ac.il AD - PhD Candidate, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, , Cleveland, USA. E-Mail: ignacio.pavez@case.edu AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. E-Mail: mpos814@auckland.ac.nz AD - MSc Student, Department of Structural Engineering and Construction Management, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. E-Mail: slola@tx.technion.ac.il AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Structural Engineering and Construction Management, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. E-Mail: vitaliyp@technion.ac.il ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Production, commercial, technical, organizational and social aspects must be managed simultaneously for a construction project to be successfully delivered. However, most management approaches in construction are technically-oriented methodologies that largely neglect central social aspects related to people’s behaviour. Lean construction research has likewise focused more on technical and commercial aspects than on social aspects. Recent research in the domain has aroused interest in various social aspects, such as the language-action-perspective, people development, culture and transformation, and integral theory. Yet little research has been pursued to understand the interactions between lean construction thinking and the social dynamics within construction project organizations. To begin to bridge this gap, the latent synergy and feedback loops between lean construction practices and social dynamics variables such as trust, goal setting and power distance in construction are discussed in this paper. The interplay between lean construction tools and the social dynamics variables is illustrated through an example based on the Last Planner System (LPS). We argue that lean tools work better when the environment is less autocratic, the team is more integrated, and the levels of trust between project team members are higher. In this organizational environment power-distance is decreased. Lean and goal setting also seem to interact positively and motivate the team. KW - Goal Setting KW - Last Planner System KW - Power Distance KW - Social Dynamics KW - Trust. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1203/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1203 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Is Your Project Perfect? Using Four-Phase Project Delivery Analysis to Find How Far You Are From the Ideal State C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 536 EP - 545 PY - 2015 AU - Christian, Digby AU - Bredbury, Jason AU - Emdanat, Samir AU - Haase, Frank AU - Rubel, Zigmund AD - Senior Program Manager, Sutter Health – Facility and Property Services, Sacramento, California USA, chrisdig@sutterhealth.org AD - Program Manager, Lean Construction, SunPower Corp., Richmond, California USA, jason.bredbury@sunpower.com AD - Director of Management Services, Ghafari Associates, Dearborn, Michigan USA, semdanat@ghafari.com AD - Director of Virtual Design & Construction, Suffolk Construction, San Francisco, California USA., fhaase@suffolk.com AD - Co-Founder, Aditazz Inc, Brisbane, California USA, zigmund.rubel@aditazz.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - This paper proposes a systematic approach for improving performance of any project regardless of type, location or jurisdiction. It focuses on assessing variances between the current state of an actualproject’s delivery system and the ideal state using the framework of Four-Phase Project Delivery (4PhPD). This paper focuses on the questions that need to be asked and answered to uncover the key variances. Later, once these variances are assessed, customized strategies to reduce the variance can be formulated and introduced. The success of these strategies can be tested in further variance assessment iterations. Thus, a systematic continuous improvement strategy is created. KW - Theory KW - project delivery KW - kaizen KW - continuous improvement KW - lean construction PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1204/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1204 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction as an Operations Strategy C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 486 EP - 495 PY - 2015 AU - Lidelöw, Helena AU - Simu, Kajsa AD - Ass.Professor, Div. of Structural and Construction Engineering, Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, SWEDEN, +46 920 492860, helena.lidelow@ltu.se and Platform Manager at Lindbäcks Bygg AB, Sweden AD - Adj. Lecturer, Div. of Structural and Construction Engineering, Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, SWEDEN, +46 70 5899896, kajsa.simu@ltu.se and Lean Manager at NCC Construction AB, Sweden ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - All companies have an operations strategy; a pattern of decisions made in operations with the purpose to support the business strategy. Lean Construction can be seen as an operations strategy. The aim of this research is to present the generic decision categories in an operations strategy and discuss their characteristics in contrast to the Lean Construction framework. A literature study identified ten decision categories: process technology, capacity, facilities, vertical integration, human resources, organization, quality, production control, product development, and performance measurement. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with managers on the tactical level at three construction companies with a Lean implementation. The results indicate that Lean construction companies emphasize quality, production planning, and vertical integration in their operations strategy. Facilities, process technology, capacity, and organization receive less attention. Quality, production planning, and vertical integration are keywords also in Lean Construction, while it is intriguing that organization receives little attention. Facilities, process technology, and capacity are ever changing between construction projects and are candidates for decision categories that could be less relevant for formulating an operations strategy in construction. KW - Helena Lidelöw1 and Kajsa Simu2 PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1205/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1205 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction Theory and Practice: An Irish Perspective C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 496 EP - 506 PY - 2015 AU - Ebbs, Paul J. AU - Sexton, Paul AU - Greensmith, Dominic G. AU - Clare, Brian G. AU - Gibson, Vincent AU - Turner, Raymond AD - Lean Consultant, Umstot Project and Facility Solutions LLC, & The ReAlignment Group of California LLC, San Diego, United States, +1 619 322 3060, paul.ebbs@umstotsolutions.com AD - Managing Director, SCEG Ltd, Skerries, Co Dublin, Ireland, +353 87 202 8150, psexton@sceg.ie AD - Senior Project Manager, Intel Ireland, Leixlip, Co. Kildare, dominic.g.greensmith@intel.com AD - Lecturer, Researcher and Lecturer, Construction Innovation Lab, Dublin Institute of Technology, Bolton Street, Dublin 1, Ireland, +353 87 378 9135, briangclare@gmail.com AD - Lecturer, Researcher and Lecturer, Construction Innovation Lab, Dublin Institute of Technology, Bolton Street, Dublin 1, Ireland, +353 87 233 9360, vgmphil@gmail.com AD - Lecturer, Researcher and Lecturer, Construction Innovation Lab, Dublin Institute of Technology, Bolton Street, Dublin 1, Ireland, +353 85 864 1832, raymondturner@eircom.net ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Ireland is emerging from a deep recession following a 75% reduction in Architectural, Engineering & Construction (AEC) output, causing reduced demand, employee redundancies, workforce emigration and company closures. This paper proposes Lean Construction (LC) as an antidote. However, LC theory is not widely taught in Irish universities and field research and case studies are very limited – sector research is 0.002% of industry research expenditure. LC is in its early stages in Ireland and is gaining momentum thanks to the Lean Construction Institute Ireland (LCII) Community of Practice (CoP). This paper looks at professionals understanding of lean and LC and compares LC theory with current practice. Research was gathered through a literature review, three surveys (n=48; n=42; n=116), three focus groups (n=22) and eight interviews (six expert) and was analysed through NVivo Computer Aided Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS). The main findings show that LC theory does not compare strongly to practice. However, lean tools in large companies (200+ employees) appear widespread. While LC is far from commonplace, practitioners are focused on “wins” and “proof” rather than the management philosophy that is LC. Future education, training and increased research will show a different perspective – practice relating more strongly to theory. KW - Lean KW - lean construction KW - theory KW - Community of Practice KW - thematic analysis PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1206/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1206 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Design Versus Traditional Design Approach C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 578 EP - 588 PY - 2015 AU - Munthe-Kaas, Thea S. AU - Hjelmbrekke, Hallgrim AU - Lohne, Jardar AU - Lædre, Ola AD - M.Sc., Dept. of Civil and Transport Engineering, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 924 80 494, theasand@stud.ntnu.no AD - Research scientist, Dept. of Architectural Design and Management, NTNU - Norwegian University Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 932 43 142, hallgrim.hjelmbrekke@ntnu.no AD - Research scientist, Dept. of Civil and Transport Engineering, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 934 44 930, jardar.lohne@ntnu.no AD - Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Transport Engineering NTNU - Norwegian University Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 911 89 938, ola.ladre@ntnu.no ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The purpose of this paper is to determine if lean design can enhance value for the customer in the construction industry based on an examination of the design phase. Resent research from Statistics Norway shows a reduction of 9 % in the Norwegian construction industry’s productivity from 1992 to 2012. The paper also discusses if lean design can have an overall positive effect on the productivity. A case study has been carried out, comparing two projects using a qualitative approach. The projects use different methods in the design phase; lean design vs. traditional design approach. Implementing lean design can increase value for the client. Lean design might enable a productivity growth in the Norwegian construction industry similar to the growth observed until the 1990s. Similarities are found between classic project execution and projects where lean design is implemented, particularly the focus on planning and control. The originality lies in comparison of the recently implemented lean design and the classic project execution model. This permits an in-depth analysis of the novelty and effects of certain lean design features. Lean design seems to have reduced waste in the process, but the total value concept was rarely considered. KW - Value KW - lean design KW - productivity KW - lean construction KW - waste PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1207/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1207 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Diagnosis for Chilean Construction Industry: Towards More Sustainable Lean Practices and Tools C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 642 EP - 651 PY - 2015 AU - Salvatierra1, José L. AU - Alarcón, Luis F. AU - López, Angela AU - Velásquez, Ximena AD - Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Av. Ecuador 3659, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2 27182818, jose.salvatierra@usach.cl AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Edificio San Agustín 3er Piso, Macul, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2 2354 4244, lalarcon@ing.puc.cl AD - Project Consultant, Production Management Consultants - GEPRO, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Edificio Mide UC 3er Piso, Macul, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2 2354 7050, alopez@gepro.cl AD - Project Consultant, Production Management Consultants - GEPRO, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Edificio Mide UC 3er Piso, Macul, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2 2354 7050, dvelasquez@gepro.cl ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Construction companies face important challenges to implement and sustain Lean methods, and they need to periodically assess the state of their implementation efforts. This paper presents the results of a collaborative initiative from seven Chilean construction companies to diagnose the implementation state of some aspects of Lean organizations: Philosophy, Culture and Technology. The diagnosis was carried out using data from four different tools: interviews with managers, workshops with Last Planner implementers, visits to projects and planning meetings, and an organizational survey to validate previous results. Despite 90% of managers believe that Lean is central to enhancing their businesses, important barriers to sustain practices were detected such as Last Planner (LP), which was identified as a common tool among those companies. Thus, the most important aspects observed could be summarized as lack of certainty, lack of training, and very limited use of other tools; moreover, important differences were identified with regards to the level of LP implementations. The diagnosis is expected to constitute a base to generate improved company strategies to implement and sustain Lean construction practices, with emphasis in the development of people as a core of Lean organizations. KW - Continuous improvement KW - Last Planner System KW - Lean construction KW - Lookahead PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1208/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1208 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Simulation in Road Construction: Teaching of Basic Lean Principals C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 403 EP - 412 PY - 2015 AU - Heyl, Jakob von AD - Research Assistant, Institute for Construction Management, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569 Stuttgart Germany, +49 711 685 66143, jakob.vonheyl@ibl.unistuttgart.de ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Since the first adaption of lean management to the building sector, numerous principals, methods and tools have been successfully adapted, developed and implemented and the term Lean Construction has been coined. However, Lean Construction is often only partially or incorrectly applied. A basic cause is that site management and workers are not familiar with Lean Construction, therefore only reluctantly applying lean methods and tools. But successful application of Lean Construction requires a holistic and determined approach with convinced project participants. Thus a systematic approach to teach basic lean principals and tools is crucial for the acceptance and application of Lean Construction. In this paper a developed simulation game is depicted. A road construction site and its logistics are simulated. In the round based game a logistic chain and the operating grade of a finishing machine are getting optimized. First the traditional planning and execution of the site with its limitations and characteristics are simulated. Afterwards the participants discuss possible improvements. Then the site is simulated once more, this time using lean principles and an active management of bottlenecks. The gained improvements in productivity are examined by the participants and the lessons learnt are described. KW - Lean construction KW - action learning KW - logistics KW - kanban KW - flow KW - collaboration. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1209/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1209 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Misconceptions of Lean: Why Implementation Fails C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 621 EP - 630 PY - 2015 AU - Chesworth, Brianna AD - Ampcontrol, Australia ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Successful implementation of lean strategies is more than an overall acceptance of ideology, tools and practices; it is about acceptance of the changing culture. Culture drives implementation through the adoption of best practice principles providing the organisations with a sense of achievability. To date research in the field has provided companies with a false sense of implementation security; promoting many social, financial and cultural benefits without the acknowledgement of the overall challenge – knowledge. Utilising the action research method this paper explores the concept of knowledge and is application in lean implementation within a leading Australian construction company. The paper highlights a need for the streamlining of lean knowledge at the core of implementation strategizing. The paper proposes that developing an awareness of knowledge in a theoretical context will assist in challenging cultural behaviours within the practical application. KW - Implementation KW - lean construction KW - misconception KW - organisational culture. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1210/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1210 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Nine Tenets on the Nature of Value C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 475 EP - 485 PY - 2015 AU - Drevland, Frode AU - Lohne, Jardar AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +47 920 64 262, frode.drevland@ntnu.no AD - Research Scientist, Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, jardar.lohne@ntnu.no ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The Lean Construction (LC) community commonly agrees upon that the goal of projects is to deliver value. However, value as a concept is an ambiguous one. Not surprisingly, a commonly agreed upon definition of value has not yet been found. We find the lack of such as definition to be problematic, as it makes any high-level discussion of value challenging. Reviewing the LC literature, limited effort in regards to tackling the fundamental nature and base definition of value is found. This paper aims to provide this through presenting nine tenets on the nature of value. It starts out by providing an overview of selected definitions found to be pertinent to value in the context of construction projects, notably from within economics, marketing and those that are employed within the LC community. Thereafter, nine tenets pertinent to the concept of value and the reasoning behind them are presented. Finally, we discuss several value related concept, such as waste, in relation to the presented tenets. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1211/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1211 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Organizational Power in Building Design Management C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 763 EP - 772 PY - 2015 AU - Knotten, Vegard AU - Svalestuen, Fredrik AU - Lædre, Ola AU - Hansen, Geir K. AD - PhD Candidate/ Design Manager NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology/ Veidekke Entreprenør, Trondheim, Norway, +4791842758, Vegard.knotten@ntnu.no AD - PhD candidate / Site Manager NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology / Veidekke Entreprenør, Trondheim, Norway, +4798673172, Fredrik.svalestuen@ntnu.no AD - Assistant Professor, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +4791189938, geir.hansen@ntnu.no AD - Professor, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, +4795135520, ola.laedre@ntnu.no ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - In every new building project, there usually is a new organization assembled that needs to function as a team. The organization will vary through the project. This paper analyses the organizational sources of power in the design phase, using 14 main sources of power in organizations as described by Morgan (2006). The methodical approach of this paper is a single case study, with interviews of participants in the building design phase who describe their experience with the sources of power in building design. The aim of this pilot study is to learn more about how the sources of power appear in the building design process. Much has been written about how power works in static organizations but less in the context of building design teams and how this affects the design process. This paper contributes with new empirical research. The key finding is that the sources can be regarded as strength, a challenge or a threat to the design process. This knowledge can be used for the design manager to set up a design process. To enhance the sources that strengthen and to diminish the sources that threaten the process, a more efficient design process can be achieved, increasing value and reducing waste. KW - Design management KW - organizational power KW - value KW - process KW - last planner PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1212/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1212 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Performance Evaluation of Lean Construction Projects Based on Balanced Scorecard C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 753 EP - 762 PY - 2015 AU - Li, Shuquan AU - Wu, Xiuyu AU - Hu, Shaopei AU - Hu, Benzhe AD - Professor, Director of the Management Science and Engineering Department, Tianjin Univ of Finance and Economics, Tianjin,China,+86-13012205754, lsq@tjufe.edu.cn AD - PhD, Department of Management Science and Engineering, Tianjin Univ of Finance and Economics, Tianjin,China,+86-15620615009, xywu2014@126.com AD - PhD, Department of Business Administration, Tianjin Univ of Finance and Economics, Tianjin,China,+86-15620506961, hsptjufe@126.com AD - Master student, Department of Management Science and Engineering, Tianjin Univ of Finance and Economics, Tianjin,China,+86-13821938306, yrds2014@126.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The development of lean construction theory and tools promote their applications in various countries. Scholars have used case analysis and empirical research to prove the function of lean construction in waste-reduction and value-added. However, performance evaluation of lean construction project still does not have a standard or systematic measurement, and this results in less recognition of its value and more barriers of its applications in many countries. Therefore, the aim of this study is to build an effective scale for its performance evaluation and measure the success of implementing lean construction in different kinds of projects. This paper used balanced scorecard approach (not only financially and nonfinancially, but also on long-term and short-term account) to evaluate the performance of 300 construction projects which had adopted lean construction theory in China. It established evaluation index system from five dimensions and determined the weight of indicator of index system by factor analysis. Furthermore, we calculated the score of these individual projects, the results showed that index system was effective, and most of the projects with higher scores were municipal projects, constructed by state-owned enterprises or large private enterprises, which reflects good foundation of collaboration. KW - Lean construction KW - value KW - performance evaluation KW - balanced scorecard KW - collaboration. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1213/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1213 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Post Measuring the Last Planner Metrics in Shelter Rehabiliation Projects C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 783 EP - 792 PY - 2015 AU - Jazzar, Mahmoud S. El AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - Masters Candidate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, America University of Beirut, Beirut Riad El-Solh 1107 2020,Lebanon ,mse24@aub.edu.lb AD - Assistant Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, American Universityof Beirut, Beirut Riad El-Solh 1107 2020,Lebanon, fh35@aub.edu.lb ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The Last Planner System (LPS) implementation showed great results in improving workflow for construction projects. In order to apply LPS, companies must collect key metrics on site; such data include Percent Plan Complete (PPC) for tasks done on site. In this study, ten shelters from “Self-help” rehabilitation project were monitored. To identify workflow issues and highlight causes of delay PPC was measured for the duration of the project. This study is a personal effort to assess the reliability of workflow in the light of the fact that contractors do not apply the LPS. The results showed that “Self-Help” delivery method promoted lean behaviour in families who were engaged in the rehabilitation process. They tackled constrains, expedited the work and organized construction activities in sound manner; thus, achieving high PPC. However, families who did not engage in rehabilitation process failed to finish their shelters on time, and achieved a low PPC. Reasons for incomplete weekly tasks were recorded and analysed. The main goal of this on-going research is to improve workflow of UN projects, highlight causes of delays, and add value to refugees by removing impediments to construction workflow so that projects can be finished sooner and at a lower cost. KW - United Nations KW - PPC KW - work flow KW - self-help KW - LPS KW - agile. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1214/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1214 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Prefabrication & Modularization as a Part of Lean Construction – Status Quo in Germany C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 235 EP - 245 PY - 2015 AU - Hermes, Michael AD - Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing., Scientific Assistant, Institute of Construction Management, Univ. of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, +49 711 685 66665, michael.hermes@ibl.unistuttgart.de ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - A possible innovative approach to unify construction processes and align it with the industrial mass production, is the integration of industrial prefabrication and modularization in construction.2 The higher the numbers of identical components, the lower are production costs, which can be a significant competitive advantage. When applying that approach a building gets assembled on site using prefabricated parts and modules are assembled. Especially the use of prefabricated components in the field of technical building equipment still has great potential. For example plumbing units can be delivered and installed on the site already fully equipped. An application in the construction industry, for example, pre-installed ceiling modules (ventilation ducts, cables, pipes, etc.) takes place in Germany but still marginal. Connecting the individual modules is often a problem, but solutions already exist using simple connections. With this innovative production strategy waste during construction process can be reduced. By the associated reduction of individual production steps on site quality can be improved, costs can be reduced and safety for the workers can be increased. The current state of implementing prefabrication and modularization in Germany will be illustrated using examples. KW - Continuous improvement KW - manufacturing KW - customization KW - logistics KW - standardization PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1215/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1215 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Project Manager or Project Leader: What It Takes to Create a High Performing C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 287 EP - 296 PY - 2015 AU - Nishizaki, Santor S. AU - Seed, William R. AD - Show Design and Production Manager, Walt Disney Imagineering, Glendale, CA, santornishizaki@gmail.com AD - Executive Project Integration, Walt Disney Imagineeirng, Lake Buena Vista, FL Bill.R.Seed@Disney.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - This case study compares two projects that achieved success with integrated lean project delivery (ILPD). The frameworks are William Seed’s new project manager theory, Bass’s transformational leadership model, and Kotter’s manager vs. leader. This study answered these RQs: 1.What are the personality traits, strengths, and leadership styles of the ILPD Project Managers? 2. Did the IPMs change their leadership style and behavior during the project lifecycle? 3. How does the behavior of the IPMs change over the life of a project? The desire for early team involvement in the design and development efforts and strong multidisciplinary collaboration demands a high performing team environment, which requires a new kind of leader. These teams delivered multi-million dollar hospital building projects under budget and ahead of schedule. Through interviewing the project managers and analyzing their StrengthFinder2.0 and DiSC Personality Assessments, this case study shows that the key to success in these particular teams was (a) team members’ understanding of communication skills, (b) a mix of leadership strengths and personality traits, and (c) technical knowledge of experienced project managers [PMs]. Limitations of the study and its findings are discussed at length. KW - High performing team KW - integrated project delivery KW - project manager KW - leadership KW - DiSC PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1216/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1216 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Pull vs. Push in Construction Work Informed by Last Planner C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 103 EP - 112 PY - 2015 AU - Kalsaas, Bo Terje AU - Skaar, John AU - Thorstensen, Rein Terje AD - Professor, Dr.Ing School of Business and Law, Department of working life and innovation, University of Agder, 4846 Grimstad, Norway, Mobile +4797082582, e-mail: bo.t.kalsaas@uia.no AD - Lean Manager, Skanska Norway, 0271 Oslo, Norway, Mobile +4745869178, email: john.skaar@skanska.no AD - Senior lecturer, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, 4846 Grimstad, Norway, Mobile +4790932669, e-mail: rein.t.thorstensen@uia.no. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The Last Planner System (LPS) is widely characterized as a pull system. In this paper the authors question if this characterization is correct. The authors argue that LPS applies a combination of pull scheduling and push control at the shop floor level. Line of balance and Takt-time Planning are also discussed. There are no findings that support that these techniques applied in combination with LPS change the authors’ main conclusion. The goal of this paper is to provide a better understanding of LPS and to contribute to the discussion of pull-push. The authors agree that pull may not always be the best option. The authors argue that choosing pull, push or a combination of the principles should be based on the production dynamic in question KW - Pull & push KW - Last Planner System (LPS) KW - Line of Balance KW - Location-based management systems (LBMS) KW - Takt-time planning (TTP). PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1217/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1217 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Reasons for an Optimized Construction Logistics C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 733 EP - 742 PY - 2015 AU - Lange, Sebastian AU - Schilling, Dominic AD - Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing., Scientific Assistant, Institute of Construction Management, University of Stuttgart, Germany, +49 711 685-66969, sebastian.lange@ibl.uni-stuttgart.de AD - MSc.Student, Real Estate Engineering and Management, University of Stuttgart, Germany, dominic_schilling@gmx.de ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The claim of German builders is to realize individual and complex construction projects in the shortest possible design and construction time. Thereby the target achievement depends on a systematic and structured planning of the construction site and the associated construction sequences. The construction logistics has the function to coordinate the core areas material, employees and information so that the correct material is available on a proper price, at the correct place, at the right time, in the exact quality and quantity, for the correct client (7 R’s). Through the implementation of a superior, need-based coordination of the logistics, based on the required quantities, an efficient realization of buildings is feasible. Thus, time, quality and cost targets can be achieved. Unclear is the question about the cost assumption for the site logistics. As for large-scale projects in Germany normally general contractors are assigned, they want to apportion the costs for the logistics to their subcontractors. Therefore, based on a practical example the trade-specific logistical effort is measured and characteristic values are generated. Based on these characteristic values the resulting logistical effort can be offset against the subcontractors. Through a lean logistics, also incentives for all parties are created. KW - Lean construction KW - logistics KW - value stream KW - work flow. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1218/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1218 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Reducing Variability of a Valuable Construction Input: Subcontractors C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 661 EP - 670 PY - 2015 AU - Stevens, Matt AD - Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010 Australia. +61 9035 8673, matthew.stevens@unimelb.edu.au ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Subcontractors are critical to the U.S. construction industry. They are used by general contractors (GC) to preform a majority of work. Subcontractors safely install components specified, in the time needed, and at a competitive cost. It appears that some misalignment of Lean Construction (LC) methodologies and realities of managing subcontractors. More research is needed to address this largest input in most projects. Currently, LC suffers from low adoption. Looking ahead to the next 3 years, all contractors plan adoption at the same low rate. This paper will review an action research project and its outcomes which involved a GC and its subcontractors over three years of projects. KW - Lean Construction KW - LC KW - production KW - productivity KW - variability KW - subcontractor KW - PDCA PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1219/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1219 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Removing Hidden Waiting Time in Critical Path Schedules: A Location-Based Approach to Avoiding Waste C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 203 EP - 210 PY - 2015 AU - Kenley, Russell AU - Harfield, Toby AD - Professor, Management, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia, Phone +61 (03) 9214 8000, kenley@swin.edu.au Visiting Professor, Construction, Unitec Institute of Technology, 139 Carrington Road, Mount Albert, Auckland 1025, New Zealand. AD - Dr, Research Associate, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia, Phone +61 (03) 9214 8000, tharfield@swin.edu.au ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Production waste from non-productive activities is a well understood concept in Lean Construction Management. Waiting-time is also a well understood form of production waste. However, waste arising from the hidden waiting-time inherent in poorly designed CPM schedules has not previously been described. Hidden waiting-time is defined and demonstrated using location-based visualisation methods for construction cycles. A construction cycle refers to a repetitive sequence of work required to erect a structure. Two case studies illustrate how such waiting time can be removed and replaced by production buffers using appropriate levels of location breakdown. What sort of waste is represented by the time reduction demonstrated in these case studies? The TFV based taxonomy of wastes includes both inefficient waste and waiting time, but combining the two to define hidden waste found in CPM schedules, requires a new category. Cycle waiting time is the waste of not planning the most efficient project structural cycle and therefore not being able to identify hidden wastes based on utilisation of location based structure. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1220/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1220 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Simulating and Vizualising Emergent Production in Construction (EPIC) Using Agents and BIM C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 371 EP - 380 PY - 2015 AU - Ben-Alon, Lola AU - Sacks2, Rafael AD - Graduate Student, Virtual Construction Lab, National Building Research Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel, lola.ben.alon@gmail.com AD - Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Civil and Env. Eng., & Virtual Construction Lab, National Building Research Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel, cvsacks@technion.ac.il ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - We present an agent-based simulation model developed for studying and improving production control in construction processes. The model represents individuals' decision making, knowledge and uncertainty. Simulation methods are particularly useful for assessing the impacts of different production control methods and information flows on production on site because field experiments in building projects suffer difficulties with isolating cause and effect. Existing methods such as Discrete Event Simulation (DES) are limited to model decision-making by individuals with distinct behaviour, context and knowledge representation. Agent-Based Simulation (ABS) may offer a better solution. The simulation developed exhibits the interdependence of individual crews as they interact with each other and share resources, reflecting the influence of crew leaders’ perception of the project state on their workflow decisions. The model uniquely distinguishes between reality and perceived reality. Significantly, this allows experimentation with uncertainty as agents function within the context of what they know. Different management policies, such as the LPS, can be tested, as can the impact of different site information-flow systems. Unlike the few existing agentbased simulation models for construction, the simulation is situated in a realistic virtual environment modelled using BIM, allowing future experimental setups that can incorporate human subjects and real buildings. KW - Agent-based modelling and simulation KW - building information modeling (BIM) KW - information flow KW - production control KW - visualization. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1221/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1221 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Site Logistics Planning and Control Using 4d Modeling: A Study in a Lean Car Factory Building Site C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 361 EP - 370 PY - 2015 AU - Bortolini, Rafaela AU - Shigaki, Jeferson Shin-Iti AU - Formoso, Carlos Torres AD - M.Sc.,Faculty of Engineering, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-190, BR, +55 (51) 3308-3518, bortolinirafaela@gmail.com AD - M.Sc. Student,Faculty of Engineering, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-190, BR, +55 (51) 3308-3518, js_shigaki@yahoo.com.br AD - Associate Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Engineering School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-190, BR, +55 (51) 3308-3518, formoso@ufrgs.br ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - A major challenge in most construction projects is the need to coordinate a large number of logistic operations in site installation. Despite the growing use of 4D models for planning and coordinating construction activities, the traditional approach adopted for those models is simply to represent the installation sequence defined in a CPM network, which is limited only to conversion activities, whilst a lean perspective suggests that production should also be seen as a flow. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to plan and control logistics processes in engineer-to-order prefabricated building systems with the use of 4D BIM modeling. This paper investigates the use of BIM to simulate both value-adding and non value-adding activities, such as waiting, inventory and moving materials, as well as site layout. An empirical study was developed in an industrial project for a Car Manufacturing Company that is highly advanced in the implementation of lean production. The scope of the research project includes both the simulation of logistic operations and the monitoring of those operations in the construction site. This paper discusses the benefits and limitations of using 4D BIM for planning and controlling logistics operations in construction sites. Moreover, this study highlighted the need to plan and control site logistics processes hierarchically and focus on logistics critical processes. KW - Building information modeling (BIM) KW - logistics KW - prefabrication KW - 4D modelling KW - visual management. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1222/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1222 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Social Network Analysis for Construction Specialty Trade Interference and Work Plan Reliability C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 143 EP - 152 PY - 2015 AU - Abbasian-Hosseini, S. Alireza AU - Liu, Min AU - Hsiang, Simon M. AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; PH (919) 917-4547; email: sabbasi@ncsu.edu AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; PH (919) 513-7920; email: min_liu@ncsu.edu AD - Derr Professor, Industrial Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409; PH (806)742-3543 email: simon.hsiang@ttu.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Managing of multiple specialty trades working on a large number of interdependent tasks in complex construction projects can be challenging. There are various types of uncertainty associated with construction processes such as prerequisite work, weather, material and labor availability. One of the key uncertainty sources which have not been gained much attention is the specialty trades’ (sub-contractors’) interference in the construction jobsite during the project. Although the importance of controlling the trades’ interference is acknowledged by the construction managers, applicable methods to visualize and analyze them numerically are limited. This paper uses social network analysis (SNA) to examine how the existing interference potential among the specialty trades is related to their work plan reliability (WPR) over the course of the project. It evaluates the consistency between the trades’ WPR and the project network characteristics. A 28-week case study involving 43 specialty trades constructing of a single level, $50 million, 14,000 square meter data center was conducted. Primary results show that there is a moderate correlation between the plan percent complete (PPC) and centrality ratio and network density. The findings of this research can help project managers in managing the probable interferences among the working specialty trades and improving their WPR KW - Social Network Analysis KW - Centrality KW - Construction trades KW - Trade performance KW - Plan percent complete KW - PPC. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1223/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1223 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Stabilizing Craft Labor Workflow With Instantaneous Progress Reporting C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 43 EP - 52 PY - 2015 AU - Rios, Fernanda Cruz AU - Grau, David AU - Assainar, Rizwan AU - Ganapathy, Ram AU - Diosdado, Jose AD - PhD student, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S. College Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287- 0204, USA, Phone +1 (520) 328-7755; email: fcrios@asu.edu AD - Assistant Professor, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S. College Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287- 0204, USA, Phone +1 (480) 727-0665; email: david.grau@asu.edu AD - M.S. student, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S. College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287- 0204, USA; email: rassaina@asu.edu AD - Senior BIM Engineer, DPR Construction, 222 N. 44th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85034; Phone +1 (602) 333-1865; email: ramg@dpr.com AD - BIM Specialist, DPR Construction, 222 N. 44th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85034; Phone +1 (602) 333- 1865; email: josed@dpr.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Stabilizing workflow is a common goal of research in lean construction, productivity, and production control methods. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the combination of location-based work packaging and near real-time progress reporting contributes to reducing workflow variability. Some authors agree that daily monitoring allows timely actions to correct deviations from the baseline, which can increase workflow reliability. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate this statement in practice. The drywall installation in a healthcare facility served as the scenario for the test study. Drywall activities were divided into multiple tasks. Tasks were associated with locations and individually monitored. Although drywall tasks with unresolved constraints with mechanical activities did experience variations, a comprehensive analysis showed that most variations of workflow were proactively reduced. KW - Workflow KW - variability KW - lean KW - project controls KW - productivity KW - real-time. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1224/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1224 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Suggestions to Improve Lean Construction Planning C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 193 EP - 202 PY - 2015 AU - Dave, Bhargav AU - Hämäläinen, Juho-Pekka AU - Kemmer, Sergio AU - Koskela, Lauri AU - Koskenvesa, Anssi AD - Senior Researcher, Civil and Structural Engineering Dept, Aalto University; Finland. +358 50 4364717; bhargav.dave@aalto.fi AD - Technical Manager, Skanska (Finland), Helsinki, Finland. AD - PhD Candidate, University of Huddersfield, UK, Sergio.Kemmer@hud.ac.uk AD - Professor, Civil and Structural Engineering, Aalto University; Finland; lauri.koskela@aalto.fi AD - Managing Director, Mittaviiva Oy, Finland, Anssi.Koskenvesa@mittaviiva.f ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The Last Planner System® has been one of the most popular lean construction tools that offers a solution to tackle the problems of production management on construction sites. Since its inception almost 20 years ago, construction companies across the world have implemented Last Planner with reported success. However, even as Last Planner was originally designed to address some shortcomings of the CPM method, a particular shortcoming – namely task continuity was not addressed directly. Also, excepting PPC and Reasons for Non Completion charts, there are no explicit visual tools offered by the Last Planner system. On the other hand, Line of Balance based approaches intrinsically support the consideration of task continuity, and offer a basic visual management approach in schedule representation. With some exceptions, Line of Balance is seen as a special technique applicable only in linear or repetitive work based schedules. The authors suggest that i) there is a need for a robust theory of planning and scheduling and ii) there is a need for a more suitable approach that addresses critical aspects of planning and scheduling function for example by integrating Line of Balance and Last Planner to provide a more robust support for construction scheduling. KW - Lean Construction KW - Last Planner® KW - Line of Balance PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1225/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1225 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Generating Value at Preconstruction: Minding the Gap in Lean Architectural Practice C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 846 EP - 855 PY - 2015 AU - Gomez, Christy P. AU - Raut, Ashwin AU - Raji, Abdulazeez U. AD - Assoc. Professor, Department of Construction Management, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia. 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia, Phone +60125377247, cpgomez@uthm.edu.my AD - Assoc. Professor, Department of Construction Management, PhD Student, Department of Technology Management, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, gp140048@siswa.uthm.edu.my AD - PhD Student, Department of Technology Management, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, gp140062@siswa.uthm.edu.my ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Thermal comfort is one of the aspects of building performance which is primarily influenced by the building envelope, a primary concern in passive design strategies for buildings. A pilot study towards green value generation is being undertaken as a form of lean architectural practice using a design science approach along with the traditional production science mode. The role of the architectural technologist currently is not conceived within the value chain of the architectural practice in Malaysia. This paper focuses on the aspect of developing a sustainable hybrid wall material aimed at increasing the indoor air comfort levels in low-cost terrace housing (LCTH) in Malaysia, particularly in terms of thermal comfort. The concept of green is conceived within the enviropreneurial value chain leading to a reduction of cost - a primary concern of LCTH. The analytical device of “competency” is used to realize enhanced value generation for sustainability attainment, viewed as an expanded notion of production within building design. This situated practice of the researcher in the role of a Lean Architectural Technologist in the pilot study is conceived as being able to address the missing gap within Lean Sustainability Attainment initiatives. KW - Thermal comfort KW - learn architectural practice KW - building envelope KW - value generation. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1226/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1226 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Target Value Design: The Challenge of Value Generation C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 815 EP - 825 PY - 2015 AU - Miron, Luciana I. Gomes AU - Kaushik, Amit AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Adjunct Professor, Architecture. Dept., Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Visiting Researcher at University of Huddersfield, UK (CNPq - Science Without Borders Program, Brazil), luciana.miron@ufrgs.br AD - KTP Associate, PhD Student, University of Salford, UK, a.k.kaushik@salford.ac.uk AD - Professor of Construction and Project Management, University of Huddersfield, UK, l.koskela@hud.ac.uk ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Target Value Design (TVD) is a management approach that aims to maximize value in the framework of a pre-established cost target. TVD views AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) as a complex system and transforms the current design practice upside down. In spite of the existing studies, applying TVD in the context of AEC still represents a major challenge. Creating a structure that enables and measures value generation to the client is part of this challenge. However, despite the contributions already made by TVD, the results and implications related to value generation remain poorly documented. To throw light on value generation in the TVD context, it is useful to understand how the TVD and lean construction literature considers the concept of value. Thus, this study uses a literature review to understand the TVD background, as well as the main contributions made by studies carried out using this approach. The TFV (Transformation, Flow, Value) theory is considered as a baseline to understand the value generation. This paper reports a study that seeks to contribute to the challenge of adjusting the method of TVD to make value generation more explicit. KW - Target Value Design KW - target-cost KW - value KW - TFV theory KW - principles of value generation PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1227/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1227 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Teaching Lean Construction for University Student(S) C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 424 EP - 433 PY - 2015 AU - Nofera, Wenda AU - Abdelhamid, Tariq S. AU - Lahouti, Ali AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Construction Management Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA., noferawe@msu.edu AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Construction Management Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA., noferawe@msu.edu AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Construction Management Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA., noferawe@msu.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Lean construction has been considered as one of the key skills/attributes of construction management professionals. Lean educators have devised various teaching approaches and methods designed for different targeted audiences. This paper describes the Lean construction teaching approach for university graduate students. The description includes the course goal and objectives, content, and teaching-learning methods. One of the key features of the course that differentiate it from other literature in lean teaching is that it employs action learning in which the student learn how to solve a construction process problem and re-evaluate solutions they proposed. The authors of the paper consist of the instructor and previous students of the course; therefore both aspects of teaching and learning can be explored. KW - Lean construction KW - action learning KW - process KW - teaching-learning methods PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1228/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1228 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Impact of Variability in Workflow C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 826 EP - 835 PY - 2015 AU - Deschamps, Ramon Roberto AU - Esteves, Rafael Reis AU - Rossetto, Rodrigo AU - Tomazi, Luiz Filipe AU - Silva, Glauco Garcia Martins Pereira Da AD - Project Planner, Engineer Department, RDO Empreendimentos, 120 Koesa street, São José, Brazil, Phone +55 (48) 9944-3333, ramon@rdo.com.br AD - Member of Study Group in Lean (Glean) of Production Engineer Department in UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil, +55 (48) 3721-7055 , rafa.esteves19@gmail.com AD - Member of Study Group in Lean (Glean) of Production Engineer Department in UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil, +55 (48) 3721-7055, rodrigorosseto.8@gmail.com AD - Member of Study Group in Lean (Glean) of Production Engineer Department in UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil, +55 (48) 3721-7055, filipetomazi@gmail.com AD - Professor of Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Coordinator of Simulation and Production Systems Lab, UFSC, Brazil, +55 (48) 3721-7055 glauco.silva@ufsc.br ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Singularity, lack of predictability, turnover, making do, these are only a few factors that compose the process-variability in the construction industry. The knowledge of stability in activities workflow is fundamental to allow a construction company to have accurate planning. This paper evidences the impact of variability into the construction planning by using Monte Carlo simulation. It was developed the Line of Balance (LOB) of a project and generated ten thousand lead times based on the probability distribution measured on gemba for these activities. According to the simulation, the variability has a high impact on projects process time. Moreover, the delays occurred in all ten thousand events of simulation and the average delay was 12 days. In addition, the average idle time observed was 10 days and it occurred because of process-time and flow variability. According to the study, the model proves the negative impact of variability in workflow and a model to calculate LOB buffers should be developed with the intend of presenting less chance of breaks in the flow and projects delay. So, researches concerning about how to dimension theses buffers should be conducted. KW - Lean construction KW - variability KW - Line of Balance KW - buffers KW - Takt Time Planning (TTP). PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1229/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1229 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Standardized Work Tool Applied to the Waterproofing Process With Acrylic Membrane C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 133 EP - 142 PY - 2015 AU - Fernandes, Nádia B. L. S. AU - Saggin, Angela B. AU - Valente, Caroline P. AU - Brito, Felipe L. AU - Mourão, Carlos Alexandre M. A. AD - Civil Engineer, Fortaleza, Brazil, +55 85 98868-8094, nadiabragasaraiva@gmail.com AD - Civil Engineer, Lean and Green Coordinator, C. Rolim Engenharia Ltda., Fortaleza, Brazil, +55 85 99903-0880, angela@crolim.com.br AD - Civil Engineer, M.Sc. candidate, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Porto Alegre, Brazil, +55 85 98816-3444, car olinevalente@gmail.com AD - Civil Engineer, Technical Manager, C. Rolim Engenharia Ltda., Fortaleza, Brazil, +55 85 3455- 8000, felipe@crolim.com.br AD - Civil Engineer, Technical Director, C. Rolim Engenharia Ltda., Fortaleza, Brazil, +55 85 3455- 8000, alexandre@crolim.com.br ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The Standardized Work is a lean tool that looks for process stability and productivity gain, by defining three main elements: precise work sequence, takt-time and standard inventory. This paper’s main goal is to present the implementation of the Standardized Work tool for the waterproofing process with acrylic membrane at a construction site from a Brazilian building company to improve productivity, work conditions and precision in service’s execution. The methodology for developing this study case includes monitoring the waterproofing service, charting the collected information, analyzing data and graphics obtained, proposing a new sequence of activities and discussing it with the production and management teams. The production team supervisor has daily observed the new work routine established and the analysis has shown a 33.33% of productivity increase related to the initial stage. Furthermore, one member of the production team received a promotion, the team has better work conditions and instruments that are more adequate for the service execution, improving safety and reducing ergonomic risks to workers. Finally, the management team has improved its control and accompaniment, facilitating the knowledge management. Therefore, the company identified the implementation of Standardized Work as an original, functional, feasible and easily replicable tool to other construction services. KW - Lean construction KW - standardization KW - production KW - waterproofing KW - productivity. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1230/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1230 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Use of First Run Studies to Develop Standard Work in Liquefied Natural Gas Plant Refurbishment C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 671 EP - 680 PY - 2015 AU - Hackett, Vince AU - Pasquire, Christine AU - Stratton, Roy AU - Knight, Andrew AD - PhD Researcher, Nottingham Trent University, UK., +372 56 455 953, vince.hackett@ntu.ac.uk. AD - Professor, Nottingham Trent University, UK, christine.pasquire@ntu.ac.uk AD - Reader, Nottingham Trent University, UK, roy.stratton@ntu.ac.uk. AD - Head of Construction . Nottingham Trent University, UK, andrew.knight@ntu.ac.uk. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The refurbishment of existing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plants is complex and potentially hazardous, so it is crucial that the workforce has the capability to undertake the work in an efficient and safe manner. One method to achieve this outcome is by the development of efficient work practices, fully utilising workforce experience and knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to describe the outcomes resulting from the development and use of a lean tool referred to as Workshop First Run informed Work Design (WFRiWD) on the ongoing refurbishment of a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant in the North West region of Australia. The paper identifies gaps in knowledge, where firstly there is little evidence of the use of a WFRS phase using existing resident knowledge to continuously develop and improve good practice. Secondly it addresses criticisms of the current issues the construction industry has in managing knowledge and thirdly it addressees the lack of literature and practice on the use of shared knowledge to enhance the development of high performance teams. The tool has been developed and tested through Action Research cycles. The main result is the demonstration of how existing teams can evolve into higher performing teams using the WFRiWD tool in a collaborative knowledge sharing process. KW - First Run Studies KW - Work Design KW - Standardization KW - Deming wheel. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1231/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1231 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Top Down vs. Bottom Up Approaches Regarding the Implementation of Lean Construction Through a French Case Study C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 73 EP - 82 PY - 2015 AU - Berroir1, Fabrice AU - Harbouche2, Lahcène AU - Boton3, Conrad AD - R&D Engineer, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, fabrice.berroir@list.lu AD - R&D Project Manager, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, lahcène.harbouche@list.lu AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Ecole de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, conrad.boton@gmail.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - In order to sustainably reduce wastes on construction sites, companies need to know where they should start their Lean journey and how the different Lean tools can practically be used together. Based on a two years research project in Paris involving 15 construction sites of a major French company, this paper compares a top down and a bottom up implementation approach. During the first part of the project, Lean actions were decided by top managers using company-wide indicators. The focus was put on 5S programs in order to bring stability, to introduce Lean thinking on sites and because it is traditionally described as a part of the foundation of the “Lean House”. In contrast, during the second part of the project, each use of Lean tool (5S, quality control, Last Planner System) was decided with sites crews according to local measures. Implementation methods, performances, commitment of the crews and sustainability of both approaches are discussed using case studies in order to provide practical recommendations on the use of Lean tools. Ultimately the paper shows how digital technologies can support field implementation by improving data collection and decision making. KW - Lean construction KW - 5S KW - Last planner system KW - Field implementation. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1232/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1232 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Towards an Operational Definition of Lean Construction Onsite C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 507 EP - 516 PY - 2015 AU - Leong, Michelle Sjögren AU - Ward, Steve AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Director, 6ix Consulting Ltd., Bristol, United Kingdom, +44 7935 312214, michelle@6ixconsulting.co.uk AD - Managing Director, 6ix Consulting Ltd., Bristol, United Kingdom, +44 7917 104399, steve@6ixconsulting.co.uk AD - Professor, University of Huddersfield, School of Art, Design and Architecture, Huddersfield, United Kingdom, +44 (0) 1484 472892, l.koskela@hud.ac.uk ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Through literature review and drawing from a combined professional experience of over 20 years of lean construction implementation, this paper investigates the key success factor for the automotive industry’s uptake of lean production to see what the construction industry can derive from it. The paper concludes that there exist a variety of definitions of lean, but no existing definition is yet satisfactory to describe lean construction in a rigorously testable method. This is a major obstacle to the successful deployment of lean construction especially when the industry does not have a standard benchmark of “what a lean site looks like”. It recommends a small-scale replication of the International Motor Vehicle Programme (IMVP) led International Automotive Plant Study (IAPS) in construction. This will be in aid of developing an operational definition of lean construction, in line with Deming’s understanding, in the form of a lean site assessment tool contributing to a Lean Index. A statistical study is also suggested to establish correlation between the degrees of lean application (Lean Index) and project performance. KW - Lean construction KW - waste KW - continuous improvement KW - operational definition KW - lean construction assessment PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1233/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1233 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Use of Virtual Design and Construction, and Its Inefficiencies, From a Lean Thinking Perspective C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 836 EP - 845 PY - 2015 AU - Mandujano, María G. AU - Alarcón, Luis F. AU - Kunz, John AU - Mourgues, Claudio AD - Ph.D.candidate. of Civil Engineering, Dept. of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Casilla 360, Correo 22, Santiago de Chile, Phone (56 2) 2354-4200, mmandujanor@uc.cl AD - Professor of Civil Engineering, Dept. of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Casilla 360, Correo 22, Santiago de Chile, Phone (56 2) 2354-4201, lalarcon@ing.puc.cl AD - Executive Director of the Center for Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE) in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University, Phone 650-725-1546, kunz@stanford.edu AD - Assistant Professor, Construction Engineering and Management Dept., Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Chile, +56-2-2354-4245, cmourgue@ing.puc.cl ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - In recent years, the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry has broadly expanded the use of Virtual Design and Construction (VDC), particularly Building Information Modeling (BIM). However, this use is not always well planned and defined by the companies, which introduces inefficiencies in their VDC use. This research explores the literature to identify examples of waste in VDC from a Lean Construction perspective, and proposes VDC practices and Lean methods to reduce this waste. The exploratory research found examples of 8 waste types in the use of VDC: Non-value added processing, Motion (excess), Inventory (excess), Waiting Overproduction, Employee knowledge (unused), Transportation/Navigation, and Defects. KW - VDC KW - BIM KW - Lean KW - Waste PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1234/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1234 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Using Appreciative Inquiry as a Strategy to Accelerate Team Building on Site C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 701 EP - 710 PY - 2015 AU - Pavez, Ignacio AU - Alarcón, Luis F. AU - Salvatierra, Jose L. AD - PhD Candidate, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA, +1 216 772-1256, ignacio.pavez@case.edu AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, +56 2 2354-4201, lalarcon@ing.puc.cl AD - Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Av. Ecuador 3659, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2 27182818, jose.salvatierra@usach.cl ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Current team building models has been designed using traditional organization development practices, which has not been proven to be effective for accelerating the process of team formation. Therefore, we designed a study aimed to contrast two different strategies of team development, in order to compare their capacity to speed up the process of team building on-site. The first strategy was based on the traditional team building approach and the second was based on appreciative inquiry (AI), which is a strength-based process of organizational development and change. We used grounded theory methods to conduct a systematic comparison of 10 construction project teams, which were randomly assigned to either the strength-based team development intervention (based on AI) or to the traditional one (based on Dyer’ model of team building). Data collected from three different sources (face-to-face interviews, field notes and observations) provided strong evidence that the strengthbased process of team development is better to accelerate the process of team formation, especially at the early stages of a construction project. To consolidate the outcomes of this study, we created a strength-based model of team development (called P-ICIA), which offers some interesting insights to enrich team development research and practice. KW - Team building KW - appreciative inquiry KW - strength-based change KW - trust KW - collaboration. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1235/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1235 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Using Organizational Modeling to Assess the Impact of Lean Construction Principles on Project Performance C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 711 EP - 721 PY - 2015 AU - Concha, Marcelo AU - Alarcón, Luis Fernando AU - Mourgues, Claudio AU - Salvatierra, José Luis AD - M.Sc. on Civil Engineering in the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, I+D+i Consultant, Centre of Excellence in Production Management, GEPUC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Edificio Mide UC 3er Piso, Macul, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2 2354 7050, mconcha@gepuc.cl AD - M.Sc. on Civil Engineering in the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, I+D+i Consultant, Centre of Excellence in Production Management, GEPUC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Edificio Mide UC 3er Piso, Macul, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2 2354 7050, mconcha@gepuc.cl AD - M.Sc. on Civil Engineering in the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, I+D+i Consultant, Centre of Excellence in Production Management, GEPUC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Edificio Mide UC 3er Piso, Macul, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2 2354 7050, mconcha@gepuc.cl AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Ecuador 3659, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2 27182818, jose.salvatierra@usach.cl ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - This article delves the use of organization modeling to assess the impact of Lean construction concepts on project performance. The research calibrated four virtual models of construction project organizations developed using the Virtual Design Team (VDT) method and SimVision® VDT computational tool. The models were validated comparing their predictions with actual results obtained in the projects, and the assessment and approval of technical experts of the companies in the study. Then, the four models were used to evaluate the impact on project performance using alternative organizational designs, each of them inspired in Lean production concepts and principles. The results proved that VDT models can be used to evaluate the impact of the Lean concepts in projects performance, representing these notions in the organizational design and showing the benefits of implementing them. In general, the models predicted positive impact in terms of cost, time, variability and waste reduction in organizations inspired by Lean principles and concepts. These outcomes contribute to expand the uses of VDT methodology, proposing a method to include Lean principles in the organization design, and allowing companies to model Lean Project Management concepts at the planning and design phase, achieving improvements in terms of cost, schedule and variability KW - IGLC23 KW - organizational design KW - VDT KW - lean Construction. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1236/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1236 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Waste in Design and Engineering C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 463 EP - 472 PY - 2015 AU - Bonnier, Knut Erik AU - Kalsaas, Bo Terje AU - Ose, Arne Olai AD - M.Sc. graduate, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Univ. of Agder, 4846 Grimstad, Norway, +47 91334380 AD - Professor, Dr Ing, School of Business and Law, Department of working life and innovation, Univ. of Agder, 4846 Grimstad, Norway, +47 97082582, bo.t.kalsaas@uia.no AD - M.Sc. graduate, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Univ. of Agder, 4846 Grimstad, Norway, +47 91179566 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the feasibility of using waste drivers to explain waste in a design and engineering setting. Waste drivers are defined as the mechanisms that have the capacity to create waste, under certain conditions. The waste can occur in design and engineering, and as a consequence of design and engineering. Waste include, e.g. reduced build ability and usability, with increased costs, time, and quality. The distinctiveness of the engineering process has been central when attempting to identify the waste drivers. The complexity associated with waste in design and engineering may indicate that the conventional manufacturing wastes do not suffice in the context of identifying waste in design and engineering. Based on researched literature and a case study, a list of waste drivers was identified. This paper should contribute to the understanding of design and engineering processes. Thus, potentially making design and engineering processes more predictable. KW - Waste KW - mechanisms KW - engineering KW - design KW - management. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1237/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1237 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - What Is a Good Plan? C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 93 EP - 102 PY - 2015 AU - Bølviken, Trond AU - Aslesen, Sigmund AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - , , and Director of Strategy, HR and HSE, Veidekke Entreprenør AS, P.O. Box 506 Skøyen, N-0214 Oslo, trond.bolviken@veidekke.no AD - Development manager, Veidekke Entreprenør AS, P.O. Box 506 Skøyen, N-0214 Oslo, sigmund.aslesen@veidekke.no AD - Professor of Construction and Project Management, School of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom; email l.koskela@hud.ac.uk. Also at Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - The word plan is in English both a verb and a noun, reminding us that to plan is a process resulting in a product, a plan. While the Last Planner System (LPS) is primarily focused on how to plan and control production, other planning concepts are more focused on the plan contents (the plan). A more explicit approach to the characteristics of a good plan could improve LPS as a planning concept. The paper proposes such a list, based on a discussion of the plan contents highlighted by the following planning concepts: Critical Path, the Location-Based Management System, Takt Planning, Critical Chain, Agile, Task Planning and the Last Planner System. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1238/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1238 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Where Rhetoric and Lean Meet C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 527 EP - 535 PY - 2015 AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Professor of Construction and Project Management, School of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Huddersfield,l.koskela@hud.ac.uk. Also at Aalto University, School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - This paper aims at an initial analysis and explanation of lean through the lens of the discipline of rhetoric. First, the ancient origin, central ideas, subsequent history and current interpretations of rhetoric are outlined. Then, the overall meeting points of rhetoric and lean are discussed. At the outset, it is contended that certain arguments that can be used as a justification in rhetoric seem fertile for understanding the difference between lean and conventional management. Then, persuasion towards compliance in production is discussed. The field of visual management is argued to have an implicit foundation in rhetoric. The existence of a common ground of values, facts and presumptions between the speaker and the audience is emphasized in rhetoric; it is contended that lean construction in many ways endeavours to create such a common ground among the project participants. Regarding deliberation, the rhetorical dimensions in the methods of A3 and Choosing by Advantages are discussed. Further, Target Value Design is identified as based, for their part, on rhetorical ideas. In conclusion, it is contended that many aspects of lean, which as such may seem odd and perhaps perip KW - Lean construction KW - lean production KW - rhetoric. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1239/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1239 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - WIP Design in a Construction Project Using Takt Time Planning C1 - Perth, Australia C3 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction SP - 163 EP - 172 PY - 2015 AU - Faloughi, Mazen AU - Linnik, Meeli AU - Murphy, Dan AU - Frandson, Adam G. AD - Graduate Student, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dep.t, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, mazen@berkeley.edu AD - Production Engineer, The Boldt Company, The Replacement Hospital at St. Luke’s Campus Project, 555 San Jose Ave, San Francisco, CA, USA, meeli.linnik@boldt.com AD - Production Manager, The Boldt Company, The Replacement Hospital at St. Luke’s Campus Project, 555 San Jose Ave, San Francisco, CA, USA, dan.murphy@boldt.com AD - PhD Student, Civil and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, afrandson@berkeley.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - González, Vicente A. ED - Arroyo, Paz AB - Work in process (WIP) is a well understood and used metric in the management of manufacturing processes. However, this is not the case when it comes to production planning in non-repetitive construction projects. Moreover, there are different understandings of WIP depending on the management personnel using it (financial managers vs. production planners for example). The aim of this paper is to study how WIP can be defined in the context of a construction project so that it can easily be identified, visualized, and managed without having to resort to simulation models or advanced software tools. The authors present a case study where Takt time thinking is used to identify and handle different types of WIP and improve construction workflow. The challenge is to minimize both ‘work waiting on workers’ and ‘workers waiting on work’ by determining suitable work area sizes, and having an adequate work backlog. The case study shows how in some cases, areas are separated and sized so that WIP between tasks can be reduced, and in others KW - Takt time planning KW - WIP KW - production system design. PB - T2 - 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2015/07/29 CY - Perth, Australia L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1240/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1240 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER -