TY  - CONF
TI  - Carpenters’ workday: Between value-adding work and physical strain
C1  - Singapore, Singapore
C3  - Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 34)
SP  - 1265
EP  - 1275
PY  - 2026
DO  - 10.24928/2026/0270
AU  - Holth, Fillip
AU  - Fosse, Roar
AU  - Drevland, Frode
AD  - M.Sc. Graduate, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, fillip.holth@skanska.no, orcid.org/0009-0009-0637-877X
AD  - Chief Advisor, Operational Excellence, Skanska Norway, Oslo, Norway, roar.fosse@skanska.no, orcid.org/0009-0005-9374-7326
AD  - Associate Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, frode.drevland@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-1564
ED  - Hamzeh, Farook
ED  - Poshdar, Mani
ED  - Garcia-Lopez,, Nelly P.
AB  - Productivity improvement efforts in construction often rely on Work Sampling (WS) to increase Direct Work (DW) and reduce Wasted Work (WW). Such time-based metrics rarely account for how shifts in activity change workers’ physical workload. This study examines the descriptive relationship between work categories and observed physical workload in a carpentry team on a Norwegian project. Over five workdays, a dual-coding WS protocol recorded activity type (DW, Indirect Work (IW), WW) and workload. Overall, DW accounted for 41.31% of observations, IW 47.89%, and WW 10.80%. Workload was predominantly Moderate (45.79%), with substantial shares in High (29.39%) and Low (24.83%). Descriptive linear fits showed a positive association between DW and High workload shares (R² = 0.28), and an inverse association between WW and High workload shares (R² = 0.36). Daily questionnaires indicated mental load peaked on the day with the highest WW, linked to organisational challenges. Findings suggest efforts to increase DW may create a denser physical workload profile for carpenters, requiring parallel ergonomic and work structuring measures.
KW  - Work structuring
KW  - waste
KW  - value
KW  - work sampling
KW  - ergonomics.
PB  - 
T2  - Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 34)
DA  - 2026/06/22
CY  - Singapore, Singapore
L1  - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2558/pdf
L2  - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2558
N1  - Export Date: 19 June 2026
DB  - IGLC.net
DP  - IGLC
LA  - English
ER  -