33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan - 2025

https://doi.org/10.24928/2025/0201

Bridging Theory and Practice: Evaluating Lean Construction with Lego Simulations

Abdhy Gazali1, Rina Asri Aisyah2, Yusuf Maharani3, Prama Putra4 & Alfandi Ziqri5

1Lecturer, Building Engineering Education, State University of Jakarta (UNJ), Indonesia, [email protected], orcid.org/0009-0004-1391-6533
2Practitioner, Indonesian Professional Society in Lean Construction Management (IAMKRI), Indonesia, [email protected], orcid.org/0009-0005-0637-9925
3Senior Vice President, Strategy, Engineering, and Technology Division, PTPP, Indonesia, [email protected], orcid.org/0009-0008-1639-9884
4Assistant Professor, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Indonesia, [email protected], orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-9628
5Student, Building Engineering Education, State University of Jakarta (UNJ), Indonesia, [email protected], orcid.org/0009-0006-0306-4300

Abstract

The construction industry faces ongoing challenges in quantifying the benefits of Lean Construction and the Last Planner System (LPS) in practical applications. To address this issue, the study examines data from 40 LEGO-based construction simulations designed to explore key parameters influencing project outcomes, including cost, waste, time, safety, defects, and Percent Plan Complete (PPC). Using statistical methods like correlation and sensitivity analyses can provide valuable insights. The research identifies cost as the most sensitive factor, while material waste management emerges as a critical driver for improving efficiency. Safety and defect reduction also significantly enhance PPC and overall project performance. By mimicking real-world construction scenarios, these simulations provide valuable insights into the practical application of lean principles. The findings highlight the effectiveness of LEGO construction simulations in bridging the gap between theoretical frameworks and on-site implementation, offering actionable recommendations for optimizing construction processes and advancing lean practices.

Keywords

Lean construction, Construction simulation, Last Planner System, Project performance.

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Reference in APA 7th edition format:

Gazali, A., Aisyah, R. A., Maharani, Y., Putra, P. & Ziqri, A.. (2025). Bridging Theory and Practice: Evaluating Lean Construction with Lego Simulations. In Seppänen, O., Koskela, L., & Murata , K. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) (pp. 1494–1505). https://doi.org/10.24928/2025/0201

Shortened reference for use in IGLC papers:

Gazali, A., Aisyah, R. A., Maharani, Y., Putra, P. & Ziqri, A.. (2025). Bridging Theory and Practice: Evaluating Lean Construction with Lego Simulations. IGLC33. https://doi.org/10.24928/2025/0201

 

Founded in 1993, the IGLC is an international network of researchers from practice and academia in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) who feel that the practice, education, and research of the AEC industry have to be radically renewed in order to respond to the global challenges ahead.

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