@inproceedings{Macomber2004_303,
  author = {Macomber, Hal and Howell, Gregory},
  editor = {Bertelsen, Sven and Formoso, Carlos T.},
  title = {The Two Great Wastes in Organizations},
  booktitle = {12th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction},
  year = {2004},
  address = {Helsingør, Denmark},
  url = {https://www.iglc.net/papers/details/303},
  abstract = {The Toyota Production System is so successful that people look for ways to apply the lean production ideas and methods in organization settings. One of those ways is the force-fitting of Engineer Taiichi Ohno's seven wastes to organizations and projects. While organizations and projects manipulate materiel, they are better characterized by their actions of accomplishing something together - coordinating action, learning, and innovating. The seven wastes don't address those actions. Attempts to add to the seven wastes have to date broken the Ohno taxonomy. The authors propose a novel set of distinctions on the principal sources ofwaste in organizational settings.},
  keywords = {Leadership, project management, and lean construction.},
}