34th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 34) - Singapore, Singapore - 2026

https://doi.org/10.24928/2026/0286

Evaluation of delays using BIM 4D in projects implementing Last Planner System (case study: project x)

Kevin Christianto Hantoro1, Tan Vincent Genova Susanto2, - Hermawan3, Budi Hasiholan4 & - Aminullah5

1Student of Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia, [email protected] , https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5034-2226
2 Student of Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia, [email protected] , https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0565-1179
3Lecturer of Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia, [email protected], orcid.org/0000-0002-7405-4736
4Lecturer of Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia, [email protected], orcid.org/0009-0004-0565-254X [email protected], orcid.org/0009-0008-1031-1570
5Lean Construction Manager/Strategic Project management - Transformation & IT Division - PT. Wijaya Karya, Tbk (Persero) - Jakarta - Indonesia,

Abstract

The Indonesian construction sector is a vital economic driver but suffers from frequent setbacks, with approximately 38% of projects experiencing delays. Traditional scheduling methods, such as CPM and PERT, often lack the flexibility and collaborative potential required for dynamic modern projects. Consequently, this study evaluates the Last Planner System (LPS) integrated with 4D Building Information Modeling (BIM) to anticipate delays and implement the Lean Construction mechanism. Focusing on "Project X" in Semarang, the research utilized quantitative data, including S-Curves and weekly work plans alongside 4D simulations created with Microsoft Project and Autodesk Navisworks. Performance was measured using Percent Plan Complete (PPC) to track the consistency between planned and realized work. The results were significant: integrating LPS with 4D BIM achieved a 100% PPC and saved 15 working days compared to using LPS alone. This demonstrates that combining collaborative planning with advanced visualization effectively enhances productivity. Future research is suggested to expand this interoperability to include cost-benefit analysis (BIM 5D).

Keywords

Last Planner® System, BIM, lean construction, delay, percent plan complete.

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Reference in APA 7th edition format:

Hantoro, K. C., Susanto, T. V. G., Hermawan, -., Hasiholan, B. & Aminullah, -.. (2026). Evaluation of delays using BIM 4D in projects implementing Last Planner System (case study: project x). In Hamzeh, F., Poshdar, M., & Garcia-Lopez,, N. P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 34) (pp. 272–282). https://doi.org/10.24928/2026/0286

Shortened reference for use in IGLC papers:

Hantoro, K. C., Susanto, T. V. G., Hermawan, -., Hasiholan, B. & Aminullah, -.. (2026). Evaluation of delays using BIM 4D in projects implementing Last Planner System (case study: project x). IGLC34. https://doi.org/10.24928/2026/0286

 

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